语法专项一五大基本句型2015--09--10

1、语法专题一语法专题一 五大基本句型五大基本句型学习目标 ：1. 了解了解构成五大基本句型的句子成分句子成分及其使用的词性或形式词性或形式。2. 能够正确识别正确识别五大句型并以此帮助更好地理解更好地理解句子意义。句子意义。3. 通过熟悉五大基本句型的结构提升提升在书面表达中正确使用简单句的能力正确使用简单句的能力。 英语英语五种基本句型列式如下：五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一： + 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + 基本基本句型三：句型三： + + 基本句型四：基本句型四： + +IO +D 基本句型五：基本句型五： + + + 1/32/4/115/85/67/9/10/12Q

2、uestion :Whats the difference between “IO+DO” and “O+OC” ?IO与与 DO是相互并列的，都作句中动词的宾语。是相互并列的，都作句中动词的宾语。OC是用来修饰是用来修饰 O ,说明说明O的状态或动作的的状态或动作的,OC的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是O。 The English teacher asked us to speak English in class .(We speak English in class.)We keep the cold air off the room .(The cold air is off the room

3、 .)Mary passed me the dictionary .=Mary passed the dictionary to me .基本句型一：基本句型一：S十十Vi常见的不及物动词和短语：常见的不及物动词和短语：appear,disappear,apologize,arrive,come,go,die,exist,fall,happen,occur，graduate,rise,takeplace,giveout,runout,comeout,comeabout,comeup,cometrue（实现）（实现）breakout(大火、战争）发生大火、战争）发生/breakdown抛抛锚锚,

4、belongto,arisefrom(由由导致）导致）1.如果人们拥有正常的生活，这些咖啡馆将不复存在。如果人们拥有正常的生活，这些咖啡馆将不复存在。2.Ismiledandwishedherapleasantday.3.Everypartofmylifechanged;nopartofmyoldroutineremained.我生活的每一部分都改变了；没有一个惯例残存。我生活的每一部分都改变了；没有一个惯例残存。4.Aslongaswestudyhard，ourdreamsofgoingtocollegearelikelytocometrue.5.Greatchangeshavetakenp

5、laceinmyhometownsinceliberation. 基本句型二基本句型二:S十十V十十P主系表结构主系表结构1.系动词分类。系动词分类。 变化类变化类：_ 感官类感官类:_ “显得显得”类类:_ 状态和持续类状态和持续类: _ 终止类终止类:_ 2.系动词后通常可跟哪些词？系动词后通常可跟哪些词？_ 3.系动词可以用于被动和进行时态吗？系动词可以用于被动和进行时态吗？_go,turn,become,get,grow,run，come,falllook,sound,smell,taste,feellook,seem,appearbe,keep,stay,remain,prove,t

6、urnout常接常接adj,n,介词短语，介词短语，不定式，不定式，除个别系动词（如除个别系动词（如get,grow等）以外，等）以外，其他系动其他系动词不可用被动和进行时态。词不可用被动和进行时态。 1. “remain”的词性，词义，用法的词性，词义，用法Eg: 1) The labor shortage remains a problem. 2) Three out of four of the men present remain single.3) Whatever achievements youve made, you should remain modest. 4) Peopl

7、e in some parts of Africa remain in deep poverty.5) The students remained listening to the music. 6) In fact, the work remained unfinished.7) It remains to be seen whether you are right.系动词系动词,“保持是，任然是保持是，任然是”,后跟后跟adj,n,介词短语，介词短语，doing,done“有待于有待于“remaintobedone. 2.“prove,turnout”的词义，用法的词义，用法Eg:1)Th

8、eInternetturnedout(tobe)ofgreatvaluetousduringourproject.2)Thetheory(hestuckto)_(prove)ve/turnout(tobe)+名词或者形容词名词或者形容词“被证明是，结果是被证明是，结果是” proved3.become,come,get,grow,turn,fall,go表示表示“变化变化”Practice:_wrong/bad/mad/pale,_true/alive_ill/asleep/short,tallerandtaller/richer,ateacher,_teac

9、her,_yellow/red/green,_twenty-one,late/easy,_married/hurt/changed/burnt/charged/paid/used(accustomed)to/involvedin/separated. gocomefallgrow/becomebecome/maketurnturn/goturnget/becomeget二练习：二练习：1.他做的第一件事就是在这极冷的风雪天气下找到藏身之他做的第一件事就是在这极冷的风雪天气下找到藏身之地。地。2.图表是一种传达数字，百分比和其它数据信息的有用工图表是一种传达数字，百分比和其它数据信息的有用工具具

10、3.良药苦口利于病。良药苦口利于病。4.remainstobedone5.ofgreatvalue;veryvaluable6.B 基本句型三基本句型三: S十十V十十O主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。从句。如： 例句：(to see the paper) Question: 哪些动词后只跟哪些动词后只跟v-ing ? 哪些动词后只跟哪些动词后只跟 to do?1.后跟后跟to do作宾语的动词有作宾语的动词有hope /

11、wish / expect ； want / decide, pretend / agree / promise / happen / fail / plan / determine / prepare / offer / manage / learn / refuse/ afford, intend, attempt(尝试）尝试）, hesitate(犹豫）犹豫）2.后跟后跟doing作宾语的动词有：作宾语的动词有： admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, escape, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine,

12、mind, miss, practice, suggestgive up, put off, insist on, look forward to, pay attention to, lead to , devote. to, lead to , make a contribution to, feel like, stick to, cant help-.Practice：自由造句（尝试使用你不太熟悉的动词）自由造句（尝试使用你不太熟悉的动词）1.Shepretended_(没看到我没看到我)whenIpassedby.2.Weagreed_(见面见面)intheparkbutsofars

13、hehasntturnedupyet.3.Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief_.(catch)4.Wedontallow_(smoke)inthehall.5.Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_.(失去这次失去这次好机会好机会)6.Thebossthreatened_(fire)himifhewaslateforworkagain.7.WhenItravelledinXian,anoldfriendhappened_(be)there.nottoseemetomeetbein

14、gcaughtsmokinglosingthegoodopportunitytofiretobe 8.他吃雪，喝了来自附近小溪的水，如此他体内他吃雪，喝了来自附近小溪的水，如此他体内就不会失去过多水。就不会失去过多水。 9.Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin. 10.Anumberofthemhaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyarenthappy.基本句型四基本句型四:S十十V十十O1十十O2 主谓双宾结构，主谓双宾结构，O1间接宾间接宾语；语；O2直接宾语直接宾语例句：例句：toseethepaper这种

15、句型中作间接宾语的常常指这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人人”，直接宾语常常，直接宾语常常指指“物物”。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：A.动词动词直接宾语直接宾语forsb.；B.动词动词直接宾语直接宾语tosb.4.Pleaselendmeyourdictionary,willyou?5.Canyoudomeafavor?6.Heliedtohisfatherthathestudiedhardatschool.1)give/pass/tell/show/leave/ask/send/offer/lendhandsbsth/sthtosb2)bring/fetc

16、h/buy/cook/choosesbsth/sthforsb基本句型五基本句型五:S十十V十十O十十C主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构这种句型中的这种句型中的“宾语宾语补语补语”可统称为可统称为“复合宾语复合宾语”,作作补语的常常是补语的常常是adv,adj,tobe,doing,done,do,todo/n/prep.phrase如：如：1.感官感官v(五看二听一感觉五看二听一感觉see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to; feel )/使役动词使役动词(keep/leave/get/have/set/send)/catch+O+d

17、oing2.感官感官v/使役动词使役动词(keep/leave/get/have/make)+O+done3.感官感官v/使役动词使役动词(let/have/make)+O+do4.ask,advise,allow,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,get,force,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,callon-+O+todo5.elect,choose,make+O+Oc(n.)总结：1.五看，二听，一感觉，一发现（五看，二听，一感觉，一

18、发现（See,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel,find）+O+OC(doing/done)2.五看二听一感觉五看二听一感觉/let/make/have+O+OC(dosth)3.get+O+OC(todo/doing/done)4.have+O+OC(do/doing/done)4.leave/keep+O+OC(doing/done)5.make+O+OC(do/done)6.set/send/catch+O+OC(doing)7.With+O+OC(doing/done/todo) 巩固练习：1.Dontleavethewate

19、r_whileyouarebrushingyourteeth.(run)2.Themissingboywaslastseen_neartheriver.(play)3.Whenshereturnedhomeshefoundthedoor_.(unlock)4.Thepolicemancaughtthethief_moneyfromapassengeronthetrain.(steal)5.TheInternetservestokeepus_ofthelatestnewsathomeandabroad.(inform)6.Enteringthereading-room,IfoundKate_at

20、thetableand_areport.A.seated;wroteB.seated;writingC.seating;writingD.seated;writtenrunningplayingunlockedstealinginformedB7.Lastnighttheyhadtheirhouse_(break)into,butnothingwasfound_(miss).8.Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethepackage_,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed9.Whydoyouha

21、vethewater_allthetime?A.ranB.toberunning C.runningD.beingrunning10.-Whowouldyouliketohave_themachine?-MissZhang.A.repairingB.torepairC.repairedD.repair11.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired12.Themanagersdiscussedtheplant

22、hattheywouldliketosee_nextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout13.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindshisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedbrokenmissing DCDCC D14.Ilistenedto/heardthelittlegirl_(sing)asongnextroom.-Thelittlegirlwaslistenedto_asong.15.Ihadthestudentta

23、llenough_thebooksontheshelf.(reach)-Igotthestudent_thebooks.16.在过去，工人们被迫一天工作十多个小时。在过去，工人们被迫一天工作十多个小时。（被动）（被动） sing/singingto sing/ singingreachtoreachInthepast,workersweremadetoworkformorethantenhoursaday.六：六： “it”作形式宾语作形式宾语 feel, think, consider, suppose, believe, make, find,Eg: 1)The heavy storm made it impossible for us to drive to the town. 2).He feels it a habit to do some reading every morning. 3) The Internet makes it convenient and easy to search for some information.4) Tom found it very embarrass