化反ppt每章总结

1、Important conceptions alternative, optimum, economics (p1, para 3) 本课程核心 kinetics(p1, para 5, line 1) performance equation (p2, para 1, line 4) homogeneous and heterogeneous systems (p2, para 2, line 4) reaction rate/ the rate of reactions (p3, para5, line 1)Difficult or important words, phases and

2、sentences be concerned with (p1, para 2, line 2):关注 very nature (p2, Figure 1.2 illustration):自然的性质 expression (p2, para 2, line 5):公式 foreign (p3, para 2, line 2):外来的 go-betweens (p3, para 2, line 4): 中间体 intensive and extensive measures (p4, para 1, line 1): 强度量和广度量 “等于”：be identical to (p4, para

3、1, line 16), , this is equivalent to (p5, para 2, line 3)2Basic Conceptions Rate equation Batch reactor Plug flow reactor Mixed flow reactor Single reaction Multiple reaction Series reaction Parallel reaction （反应）速率方程（反应）速率方程 分批式反应器分批式反应器 平推流反应器平推流反应器 全混流反应器全混流反应器 单一反应单一反应 复杂反应复杂反应 串联反应串联反应 平行反应平行反应

4、 Stoichiometric equation Elementary reaction Nonelementary reaction Order of reaction Reversible reaction Irreversible reaction (化学化学)计量方程计量方程 基元反应基元反应 非基元反应非基元反应 反应级数反应级数 可逆反应可逆反应 不可逆反应不可逆反应Basic ConceptionsDifficult or important words, phrases and sentences with no mixing of earlier and later ente

5、ring fluid and with no overtaking (p14, Fig. 2.1, illustration):返混，返混，赶上赶上 stoichiometry (p14, the last para 2, line 2):化学计量比化学计量比 with respect to (p15, para 2, line 9):关于，针对于关于，针对于 is proportional to (p15, para 3, line 3, 4):与与成正比成正比 involving, say, (p16, para 4, line 1): 比如说比如说 , it makes no sence

6、 to (p16, para 5, line 1): 无意义，不必无意义，不必 For brevity (p17, para 3, line 1):简而言之简而言之= briefly speaking , leave these aside (p21, the last line 3): 先不论先不论Basic Concept 2 steady-state approximation equilibrium assumption rate constant activation energy frequency factor principle of microscopic reverisib

7、ility reversible reaction: forward reaction reverse reaction (拟)稳态假设 平衡态假设 速率常数 活化能 频率/指前因子 微观可逆性 可逆反应 正反应 逆反应Difficult or important words, phrases and sentences negligible (p21, para1, line10):可忽略的，即不等于0 independen of (p22, the last line) dependen on (介词) refer to (p23, Equation 17下方):指 substrate (

8、p25, Example 2.2):物质底物（生物化工） pertinent (p26, para1, line5): 适当的，中肯的，相关联的 eq.(31) is introduced into eq.(29)(p26, para1, line11): 将(31)式代入(29)式。 provide that (p27, para2, line4), : =if，只要 the order of magnitude (p30, conclusion 4):数量级 by a factor of (p26, para1, line5; p32, para 2, line 3; the last p

9、ara, line 4): 倍地保持不变：stay constant (p27, para2, line4), , we hold the t (p14, para2, line5) 假定：postulate, suggest, assume, propose, hypothesize3Difficult or important words, phrases and sentences versus (p38, para6, line4):prep.,（诉讼、比赛等）对（抗） measures (p39, para6, line1): 物理量(强度量和广度量) Assuming that t

10、he ideal gas law hold, (p40, para1, lin12) : 若理想气体状态方程有效， pseudo (p44, para1, line3): 假的，赝，拟 separation (p45, para3, line7): 分离变量 slope，斜率；intecept，截距；origin，原点；derivative (p39, para3, line4):微分 the integrated rate expression becomes indeterminate and this requires taking limits of quotients for eva

11、luation.(p44, para2, line2): 此时积分式变得不确定，需要对此分式求极限值来求解其值。 Differential method of analysis of dataThe procedure is as follows: Plot CA vs t, and draw a smooth curve. Determine the slope, dCA/dt=-rA, or the reaction rate at suitably selected points. Search for a rate expression to represent this rACA,

12、either by -testing a particular form, -rA=kf(CA) (as Fig. 3.17), -testing an nth-order form rA=kCAn by taking logarithms of the rate equation (as Fig. 3.18).Basic Concept Integral method Differential method Conversion Half-life Fraction-life Constant volume Varying volume Equilibrium constant Expans

13、ion factor 积分法 微分法 转化率 半衰期 任意衰期 恒容 变容 化学平衡常数 膨胀因子Difficult or important words, phrases and sentences stress (p76, para4, line3): v., 着重, 强调, 重读， The pressure is not excessive (p73, example 3.4): 本意“过多的，过分的，额外的”，“压力不过大”。 mathematical terms: semilogarithmic(p70, para2, line6):半对数的， exponential term (p

14、72, para2, line4): 指数项， power term (p75, para2, line5): 幂函数项， cubics, hyperbola(p75, para3, line2):三次方程式，双曲线式 means value (p75, the last line):平均值 4Difficult or important words, phases and sentences One way or another (p85, para1, line5): 以不同的方法 depending on (p85, para2, line4): 根据情况 常用句：That depend

15、s.看情况吧。 the response of the reacting system to changes (p85, para4, line1): 对的反映随的变化 yield (p85, para4, line3): 产出率，产量 adiabatic (p85, para4, line4): 绝热的 , then and only then will we feel sure (p85, para4, line6): 那时，也只有那时，我们才能（主谓倒置） sophisticated (p86, para1, line1): （人）深于世故的，不简单的，（物或人）不纯的，经验老到的 In

16、dependent test (p89, P4.7): 独立的实验另一个实验5Basic Concepts Batch reactor Plug flow reactor Mixed flow reactor Space time Space velocity Residence time 分批式反应器 平推流反应器 全混流反应器 空时 空速s 停留时间 The necessary and sufficient condition(p91, para1, line1):充分必要条件 any instant of time(p91, para5, line3):任一时刻 subscript(p9

17、5, para2, line1):下标 messy(p95, para4, line7):乱的，脏的麻烦的 a table of integrals (p106, para1, line1):积分表 irrespective of(p110, para1, line5):不管与无关Difficult or important words, phases and sentences6Basic Concepts Reactant ratio in parallel in series Recycle reactor Recycle ratio Autothermal 进料比进料比 并联并联 串联

18、串联 循环反应器循环反应器 循环比循环比 自热自热characteristic (p120, para1, last line4):特征，特点，表征特征，特点，表征needless to say (p120, para 1, last line3):更不用说更不用说of prime consideration (p120, para 2, lastline1): 最重要的考虑最重要的考虑 of n. = adj. e.g.: of most importance,ordinate(p123, para1, line1):纵坐标纵坐标(abscissa横坐标横坐标)dash line (p123

19、, para2, line2):虚线虚线 shaded area, hatched area, dot (point), self-sustaining (p143, para1, last line4):自维持的自维持的Difficult/important words, phrases and sentencesBasic Concept Heat of reaction Heat of formation/combustion Enthalpy/Fugacity Equilibrium constant Exothermic/endothermic Optimum temperature progression Adiabatic Self-sustaining/shut down Unsteady/Steady-state point Point of ignition 反应热 生成热/燃烧热 焓/逸度 平衡常数 放热/吸热 最优温度序列 绝热 自维持阶段or自