英语专业毕业论文网络英语的语法和语用特征以及网络英语翻译理论和方法

1、湖北工业大学本科毕业（设计）论文摘 要20世纪50年代计算机的发明和过去30年内因特网的出现以来，我们已经开始拥抱崭新的信息时代，因特网已经直接或间接地影响了人们生活的各个方面。网络交流的普及，应运而生了网络语言这一新的语言现象。本文综合前人的研究成果，从语言学和语用学的角度，对网络交际进行了开创性和探索性的研究，分析了网络英语的语法和语用特征以及网络英语翻译理论和方法，旨在提高人们对网络交际及其语言和语用规则的认识和了解，以帮助交际个体提高交际技能，实现更高效的交际。本文一章对网络英语进行了简要介绍，第二章以理论作为基础，追溯网络英语的出现，文章的第三章主要讨论了网络英语的语法特征，其分析涉

2、及了词汇学、修辞学，以及文体学等领域。第四章简单介绍翻译的基本理论并探讨最常用的翻译方法在网络英语中的应用。第五章对全文做以总结。关键词：网络英语，语法特征，网络英语翻译abstractsince the invention of computer in the 1950s and the appearance of internet within the last 30 years，we have begun to embrace a brand new information age. the use of computers as a medium of communication ha

3、s given birth to a new language phenomenon. in an effort to present a better understanding of cmc，its language，conventions and culture，thereby helping to find ways to develop communication competence and achieve effective communication，this thesis carries out all exploratory study of the grammatical

4、 and pragmatic use of english in cmc it starts from a general introduction of netglish(internet english)the grammatical features of english are mainly discussed in chapter two，which involves linguistic study in areas of lexis，figures of speech and stylechapter three traces the emergence of web engli

5、sh and the reasons for such lexical changes in relation with the theory of lexicology and the real social conditionschapter four introduces the basic translation theories and the thesis makes an attempt to probe into applicability of the most common translation approaches to the translation of inter

6、net english. chapter five make a summary for the whole thesis. keywords: internet english, grammatical features, the translation of internet englishcontents摘 要iabstractiicontentsiii1 introduction12 the emergence of web-english23 characteristics of web-english33.1 lexical feature33.2 a definition of

7、linguistics43.3 wordformation43.3.1 derivation53.3.2 compounding63.3.3 blending63.3.4 abbreviation63.3.5 conversion73.3.6 the use of onomatopoeia74 translation of network english84.1 basic theories of translation84.2 approaches to translation of network english84.2.1 literal translation84.2.2 free t

8、ranslation94.2.3 transliteration94.2.4 not translation105 conclusion11acknowledgements12bibliography13131 introductionin the recent 20 years，because of the rapid development of computer technology, together with the extensive popularization of the network, internet has already become the most widely

9、 used media. including the specialized terms of computer and network，the popular usage in e-mails and chat rooms，names of homepages and domain names. the convenience of communication and exchange from internet is well acknowledged among many people and meanwhile has resulted in the emergence of netw

10、ork neologisms, especially plenty of web-english neologisms. the neologisms appear at so fast a speed that any dictionary is impossible to include all of these new entries in time. and also with the popularity of internet, english thereupon develops and changes as main language in internet. network

11、english has a new vocabulary which either describes the new things, or the newly formed abbreviation for easy inputting, or the common symbolic language of the world. how to develop college students creative thinking ability under this new situation is an important task of reforming english teaching

12、. as a communication tool, language can improve students thinking ability. it is necessary for us to analyze the formation features and semantic features of these countless webenglish neologisms, which can not only help to acquire knowledge and expand the horizon, but also contribute to the study an

13、d teaching of the english language first, it is in the need of enriching and improving the study of modem lexicologynetspeak words are those which arise after internet development, and they are new members of modern lexiconsin the recent forty years, researches on new words are always the focus of l

14、exical studysecond, netspeak words are also the subject of applied linguistics and social linguistics studynetspeak words are created with the upcoming of internet, and with the development of internet technology and culture，netspesk words are influencing many social fields. this thesis also deals m

15、ainly with the stylistic features and translation of web-english. at the same time reveals the practical skills in neologisms translation. the translation of web-english has enables the readers in different countries and cultures to 1earn more from each other. as a bridge for communication，the ro1e

16、of web-english translation goes without saying. it is really an important and crucial act. 2 the emergence of web-englishdue to the high efficiency, high spreading speed, and large capacity of information storage, especially the success of e-business, more and more people attach great importance to

17、the power of the internetthe internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s that saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. j.c.r. licklider of mit, first proposed a global netwo

18、rk of computers in 1962 .at the very beginning，it was incarnated as the arpanet(advanced research projects agency network)，iethe precursor to the internet lawrence roberts of mit connected a massachusetts computer with a california computer in 1965 over dial-up telephone lines. it showed the feasibi

19、lity of wide area networking, but also showed that the telephone lines circuit switching was inadequate. kleinrocks packet switching theory was confirmed. roberts moved over to darpa in 1966 and developed his plan for arpanet. these visionaries and many more left unnamed here are the real founders o

20、f the internet. it was developed in the late 60s and early 70s by the us department of defense as an experiment in wide-area-networking to connect together computers that were each running different system so that people at one location could use computing resoulces from another location. since the

21、mid-1990s，more and more people have realized that the internet is more a social production than a technical one. it is estimated that it will grow byl020per month. by mid-1994 internet had connected at least two million computers in more than 100 countries，serving about 23 million users. it is repor

22、ted that english was used in more than 55network in 2000，and a large number of new english words emerged in the popularization process of web english internet has infiltrated into all the industries of society with its quick development. it plays several roles in the modem social life, such as, comm

23、unicator (internet makes it possible for you to talk to anyone on the earth, as long as they are also online)，transporter(internet allows you to transport anything you would be able to get into your computer to any netizen)，and replicator(internet allows you to replicate anything anyone is able to g

24、et into their computers. from the mona lisa to “the klein bottle” if you use the right“ printer 3 characteristics of web-englishgenerally speaking, the word-formation of network english follows the methods and principles of word-formation of standard english; however, it has formed some unique chara

25、cteristics at the same time, which gradually become the major trend in the development of network english. like any other medium of the communication，computer-mediated communication (herein after referred to as cmc)has distinctive features, generated by the medium and the immediate situation. for ex

26、ample, the communicators do not see or hear each other and may not even know each other. the messages contain only text，and therefore cannot easily convey emotions and tonesthe purpose of cmc is to relay a message quickly; accuracy is secondary. since we know much about the extent, social impact, an

27、d benefits of cmc.there arises this question-what are the essential characteristics of the english that is used on the net? first, the metaphor is mankinds important cognitive way and mode of thinking. the metaphor thinking function of the language is the basis of the abstract function of the langua

28、ge. the metaphor is not the simple substitution or conversion of words. network english includes a lot of specialized network technology vocabularies and computer vocabularies.second, in order to transmit the most information during the shortest time, with accuracy and high speed at the same time, a

29、chieving the goal of exchanging effectively, people must look for the most succinct expressions. therefore, a lot of abbreviation words come into being in network english.third, symbolic language is also called emotions or smiley, which is another characteristic of network english. it is the most pe

30、culiar expression way in the network language.3.1 lexical feature network created their own language, forming the unique new styles and have many new language phenomenons. lots of new words of network english emerged constantly, presenting the characteristics of every aspect. the language of the dyn

31、amic development process not only satisfied peoples communication but also reflected the close relationship between language and social, understanding and communication. the semantic web new words have vivid apt, concise, clear characteristics in network communication can better express ones thought

32、s or ideas, but more likely to be accepted by people.3.2 a definition of linguisticsthe research and development of pragmatics is another focus of attention in the field of linguistics. linguistics and philosophy of language are at the core among numerous branches of linguistic studies. language is

33、a system of symbols based on physiology, psychology and physics. it is a specific social action and a cartier of information used for human communication in a society. there are two main forms of language itself: the spoken word, and the written symbols. generally speaking, linguistics is the scient

34、ific study of language. to be more exact, linguistics is the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language. linguistics have much classification, such as applied linguistics, functional linguistics, comparison of historical comparative linguistics and so

35、on. applied linguistics is the study of linguistics and other theories in relation to any language-related problems. comparison of historical comparative linguistics is language dialects and relatives when the difference between total reconstruction of linguistic history of a discipline. since the i

36、ntroduction of functional linguistics into china, it has been applied in the fields of language teaching, discourse analysis, research in chinese language, etc.prototype theory and basic level category are the cornerstones of cognitive linguistics. cyber neologisms are invented, in general, in two d

37、ifferent ways: 1)by word formation, 2)by adding new meaning to existing words.therefore,the lexical features of netglish will be analyzed on two levels-one，the level of word formation；and the other, the level of semantic changes3.3 wordformation generally speaking, the word-formation of network engl

38、ish follows the methods and principles of word-formation of standard english; however, it has formed some unique characteristics at the same time, which gradually become the major trend in the development of network english. the expansion of vocabulary in modern english depends chiefly on word-forma

39、tion .on the internet there are innumerable new words coming and dying. the internet provides a space for individuals to freely create new words for only one particular occasion. what is needed is just a brief explanation about the meaning of the new word the first time you use it. the rapid spread

40、of information on the internet makes those new words well known among netizens.there is a variety of means at work now. english word formation can help us recognize english words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. wordformation is an important means of vocabulary enlarge

41、mentthere are about 10types of word formationthe 6 of which are mainly employed in net lingothey are：1) derivation2) compounding3) blending4) abbreviation5) conversion6) the use of onomatopoeia 3.3.1 derivationnowadays the information-intensive society developed rapidly in science and technology, th

42、e lengthy and miscellaneous words will inevitably be replaced by brief and concise words. derivation also called affixation, is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases(zhang weiyou,1997：62) the words created in this way are called derivativ

43、es .the derivatives is the most important word-building means of current network english. according to positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and suffixationprefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to basesprefixes do not generally

44、 change the word-class of the base but only modify its meaningexamples are(a)negative prefixes：a-,dis-,in-,non-,un-;(b),prefixes of degree or size：arch-,co-,extra-,hyper-,macro一，micro一，mini-,out-,over，sub-，super，ultra-,under-；suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to basessuffi

45、xes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its pert of speechwe can find：(a)noun suffixes：demonical nouns: concrete ones: -eer,-er,-ess,-ette,-let,-ster; abstract ones：-age,-dam,-ery,-ry,-hood,-ing,-ism,-ship;(b)adjective suffixes:denominal suffixes：-ed,-ful一ishless,一like,一

46、ly，-y,一al,一ial,-ical,一esque一ic,-ous,-eous,-ious,-uous.3.3.2 compoundingcompounding has become a more and more important network english word-building means, and the seriating of the compound words is one of the main characteristics of word-formation of network english. compounding (or composition) i

47、s the formation of now words by joining two or more bases are joined into one and function both grammatically and semantically as a single word. words formed in this way are called compounds. a great part of these terms are neologisms developed from words meaning” network”, such as web, net, compute

48、r, internet, online. 3.3.3 blendingin the process of blending，a new word is made by joining part of one word with part or full form of the other and combining their meaningwords formed as such are called blends or portmanteau words. words created through blending are related to all aspects of societ

49、ybut structurally,they fall into four major categories： (a)hcad+wordnetiquette from(network+etiquette)emoticon from(emotion+icon)infoseek from(information+seek) (b)head+tailbroasted from(broiled+roasted)cremains from(cremate+remains)chocoholic from(chocolate+alcoholic (c)word+headwebcam from(web+cam

50、era)videophone from(video+telephone)cybercafe from(cyber+cafeteria) (d)head+headcomsat from(eommunications+satelhte)infocosm from(information+cosmos)3.3.4 abbreviationnowadays the information-intensive society developed rapidly in science and technology, the lengthy and miscellaneous words will inev

51、itably be replaced by brief and concise words. the abbreviation is the most important word-building means of current network english. it has not merely enriched the vocabulary of english, and has provided convenience for english users.acronym. in modern english, the acronym has represented a kind of

52、 trend of simplification in english vocabulary. in network english, there are acronyms of words and phrases3.3.5 conversion conversion is often described as “zero affixation”。it refers to the adoption of an item to a new grammatical function without changing its form. generally speaking, it forms a

53、new word by changing the original part of speech of the word to another and the meaning of these two words are usually closely related to each other. examine the following sentences carefully：do you yahoo? have you onlined? have you googled it? obviously these sentences are wrong in grammar,however,

54、they are used sometimesdo you yahoo? means do you visit yahoo? have you onlined? means have you been online? have you googled it? means have you searched for it on google? we can see the changing of the part of speech with yahoo(n一v)，online( av)and google(n，一v).3.3.6 the use of onomatopoeiaonomatopo

55、eic words are echoic words whose sound is like the natural sound of noise or action and suggests sense for the purpose of vividness and imaginationmost of the echoic words in net lingo are in connection with the sound from oral english made by persons to express a certain kind of emotion and tonea s

56、urfer on the web call easily find such examples as ah,haha,xixi,wuwu,hehe, wow,huh,etcthey are widely employed in internet relay chats，emails，and forums4 translation of network english4.1 basic theories of translationthe cultural paradigm of translation studies takes translating as not only practica

57、l activities, but also discourse constructs. according to prof.chinese traditional translation theory consists only of translation principles without concrete methodology and it can not be applied to practical translating.tanweiguo(谭卫国)，translation theorists have formulated many definitions of trans

58、lation, but up to now no consensus has been reached upon a nullified definition(2005：5)translation has been practiced for thousands of years，and debates on the nature of translation have been part of translation practice for almost as long as known translations not only a transformation between two languages but also a transformation between two culturesthen over the past decadeswith the development of such sciences as linguistics，psychology, philosophy, aesthetics，logic, and cognitive science，translation h