中英文翻译-机器人

1、喘骒蕴飙镱潜羰籽厶茯缅谄祷附录一：英文原文男歪缉菠丁西腻幌壤兹秒聩舳Robot鹃颌醣娜酒呒钟酱颥嘞治酬竞G. Gary Wang憝蚜軎嗉劈孥婊硕广铰闲稹索AssistantProfessorDept.ofMechanicalandIndustrialEngineering,UniversityofManitoba,Winnipeg,MB, R3T 5V6 Canadae 麋橙鼋咚鲆痨狂怿契及咝注途Robots classification饣脖蝻炱滂垢佳襻枸唷宦遥奚Several thousand years ago the humanity longed for that makes one

2、kind of elephant persons same machine, in order to extricates the humanity from the arduous work. If the ancient Greece poet Homeros lengthy narrative poem Yiliyate god of lame sea time of Si Tesi smelting, uses the gold casting to have a beautiful intelligent maidservant; Greek mythology Lu Elder b

3、rother Discovery ship bronze giant Tailuosi (Taloas); Judea in fables soil giant and so on, these beautiful myth times were driving the people must certainly become the beautiful myth the reality, as early as started before two millenniums to present the automatic wooden figurine and some simple mec

4、hanical figurines. to the modern times, in after a robot words appearance and the world the first industry robot comes out, the different functions robot also one after another appears, and enlivened in the different domain, from the space to the underground, developed from the industry broadly to t

5、he agriculture, the forest, the herd, the fishing, even entered the common family. Robots many type, broad application, affects the depth, is we are unexpected. Divides from robots use, may divide into two broad headings:县蒎四鳜捅琢钩广柰刹颗焱肌Military robot: ground military robot The ground robot is mainly r

6、efers to the intelligence or the remote control wheeled and the track-laying vehicle. The ground military robot may divide into the independent vehicles and half independent vehicles. The independent vehicles depend upon the own intelligent autonomous navigation, the avoidance obstacle, the independ

7、ence complete each kind of combat mission; Half independent vehicles may exercise independently under persons surveillance, when encounters the difficulty the operators may carry on the remote control intervention.当脯汀魄饭塥厌劳鹛潋冖九淌 unmanned aerial vehicle歆玄锬栅咐鼷钏闪卒奸菠句好Is called the airborne robots unmann

8、ed aerial vehicle is in the military robot develops the quickest family, the first autopilot has been published since 1913, unmanned aerial vehicles fundamental type has achieved 300 many kinds, at present the unmanned aerial vehicle which sells in the world market has 40 many kinds. The US particip

9、ated in nearly the world all important wars. Is advanced as a result of its science and technology, the national strength is strong, thus 80 for many years, the world unmanned aerial vehicles development basically has been prompts forward by the line. The US studies one of unmanned aerial vehicle ea

10、rliest countries, regardless of today looking from technical level or unmanned aerial vehicles type and quantity, the US occupies the world leader. the comprehensive survey unmanned aerial vehicle develops the history, may say that the modern warfare is the power which the unmanned aerial vehicle de

11、velops, the high technology and new technology development is the foundation which it progresses unceasingly.贱猿赘鹪宄扫袍谎迓徨促犯壬 underwater robot凛愣苄野谅蹁苷槐咭填毖钦经The underwater robot divides into some person of robots and nobody robot two broad headings: Some person of submersibles mobile nimble, is advantage

12、ous for the processing complex question, holds the post the life will possibly have the danger, moreover the price will be expensive. The unmanned submersible is the underwater robot which the people said that “Shinao” is one kind. It is suitable for the long time, the wide range inspection duty, in

13、 the recent 20 years, the underwater robot had the very big development, they both may military and be possible civil. Further develops along with the human to the sea, in the 21st century they will certainly to have a more widespread application. According to the unmanned submersible and the water

14、surface support equipment (depot ship or platform) contact methods difference, the underwater robot may divide into two broad headings: One kind has the cable underwater robot, in the custom is called as it controls remotely the submersibles, is called ROV; Another kind does not have the cable under

15、water robot, in the submersibles custom is called as it the autonomous submersibles, is called AUV. Has the cable robot is the remote control type, divides into towed, (seabed) according to its mode of motion the mobile and the float (from navigation) the formula three kinds. Does not have the cable

16、 underwater robot only to be able to be autonomous -like, at present also only then the observation float type one mode of motion, but its prospect is bright.臁郢垒恙飕铴影陨镧照与濉鸵 spatial robot疟帜蕤钰蒌菸眨襄萜樱觎雒焓The spatial robot is one kind of low end light teleoperator, may in the planet atmospheric environment

17、 the guidance and the flight. Therefore, it must overcome many difficulties, for example it must be able, in changes unceasingly in three dimensional environment movement and autonomous navigation; Cannot pause nearly; Must be able real-time to determine it in the spatial position and the condition;

18、 Must be able to carry on the control primarily to the American its vertical movement; Must forecast and plan the way for its star border flight.漏蝶蝼曷淠悔磲呒酢茼埽萆啄Civil robot: industry robot 铘迨怜硗碎成踵逯秧瓒捩妙讦The industry robot is refers to the industry the application one kind can carry on the automatic cont

19、rol, to be possible to duplicate programs, multi-purpose, the multi-degrees-of-freedom, the multipurpose operation machine, can transport the material, the work piece or manages the tool, with completes each kind of work. And this kind of operation machine may fix in a place, may also on the recipro

20、cal motion car.眄匪艺动繁汔洽呤剜闻猜坊胤 service robot脊嘲着距茬升钗镦驮垦璋太垡The service robot is in a robot familys young member, so far still did not have a strict definition, the different country to serves robots understanding also to have certain difference. Serves robots application scope to be very broad, is mainl

21、y engaged in work and so on maintenance, maintenance, repair, transportation, clean, security, rescue, guardianship. The German production technology and Institute of Automation manager executed Dr. Lafute for to serve the robot to give this kind of definition: Serves the robot is the shifter which

22、one kind may program freely, it should have three motive axles at least, may partially or the completely automatic completes the services. Here services refer to are not the servicing activities which is engaged in for the industrial production goods, but refers to the services which the manner and

23、the unit complete.视汩翼刃裤哪哼蕙蛊豚芸鼠戡 entertainment robot元乘城燮逆鸬踝辏背型鳎膀认The entertainment robot take watches, the entertainment for the human as a goal, has robots exterior characteristic, may look like the human, some kind of animal, looks like in the fairy tale or the science fiction character likely and

24、so on. Simultaneously has robots function, may walk or complete the movement, may have the verbal skill, will sing, has certain sensation ability.泾缙闰齐裕漏畦荆本镔啉蜩凸 kind of person robot己拽鲋砺熔瑶胀卞茫睬笄榧坂 May see from other categorys robot, the majority robots do not look like the human, some do not even have

25、a persons appearance, this point to cause many robot amateurs to be greatly disappointed. Perhaps you will ask, for system class person robot? Such robot will be easier to let the human accept. Actually, develops the outward appearance and the function and persons same robot is the desire which the

26、scientists long for even in dreams, is also the goal which they pursue unremittingly. However, develops the performance outstanding kind of person robot, its biggest difficulty is both feet erectness walks. Because the robot and persons study way is dissimilar. A baby wants to study first walks, the

27、n studies runs; But the robot must study first runs, then studies walks. That is the robot study runs easier.啕锁乳色屡弗砩耔刺嘭汩井炽 agricultural robot兮蛇粑桂政冂觑炒驯易愦帽馁Because the mechanization, the automaticity are quite backward, “the surface faces upwards toward the loess back, did not have time throughout the

28、 year” has become our country farmers symbol. But recent years agricultural robots being published, hopefully changed traditional the work way. In the agricultural robots aspect, Japan resides in head at present the various countries.坪蔻蝾拖含挥岙簏幂洌荣伐亢Robot history括侬惨鸪啁湮貂袭酝师禺讪颈US镅甭砗陈旒叟查藿煦饪交榴暌The US is ro

29、bots birthplace, as early as developed in the world in 1962 the first industry robot, compares was known as the robot kingdom Japan to start must at least early 56 years. After more than 30 years development, the US already became one in world robot powerful nations, the foundation is abundant, tech

30、nological advance. The comprehensive survey its history, the path is winding, is not smooth. Because The US government from the 60s to the 70ss in ten several years period, has not included the industry robot the prioritize project, was only has done some research work in several universities and th

31、e minority company. Regarding the enterprise, in only saw the momentary interests of the day, the government does not have the financial support in the situation, rather misses the good opportunity, defends stubbornly in the use rigidity automation installment, is also not willing to run risks, appl

32、ies or makes the robot. In addition, at that time the American unemployment rate reached as high as 6.65%, the government worried that the development robot can cause more people to be unemployed, therefore does not give the investment, also does not organize to develop the robot, this has no altern

33、ative but saying that is The US governments strategic decision is wrong. In the late 70s, although The US government and the business community had take seriously, but still placed in the technical route the key point the research robot software and the military, the universe, the sea, the nuclear e

34、ngineering and so on the special domain high-quality robots development, caused Japans industry robot to catch up, and surpassed the US very quickly in industrial productions application and the robot manufacturing industry, the product has formed the strong competitive power in the international ma

35、rket. After the 80s, the US only then feels the situation to be urgent, the government and the business community only then truly takes seriously to the robot, in the policy also has manifests, on the one hand encourages the industrial world development and the application robot, on the other hand t

36、he making plan, the enhancement investment, increase robots research funds, regards as the American once more industrialization the robot the characteristic, causes USs robot rapidly expand. In the late 80s, applies robots technical gradually maturing along with each big factory, the first generatio

37、n of robots technical performance could be getting more and more dissatisfied the actual need, the US starts to produce has the second generation of robot which the vision, the strength thought that and has seized the American 60% robot market very quickly. the US passes through one in the robot his

38、tory to take the fundamental research freely, the neglect application development research road diversion, but USs robot technology internationally still has been in the leading position. Its technology is comprehensive, is advanced, the compatibility is also very strong. Concrete manifestation in:

39、(1) the perform reliably, the function is comprehensive, the precision is high; 艳您喉案缥蹂蜴奋稹衿坤冬茈(2) the robot language study development is quick, the linguistic type many, applies broadly, the level comes first in of high world; 诫簦鳎桥稻于诧匆偌脶肖莜优(3) the intelligence technological development is quick, its

40、 vision, sense of touch and so on artificial intelligence technology already in astronautics, automobile industry widespread application; 触挞熄捞钉冀噬谘伸苁涸西(4) high development and so on intelligent, high difficulty military robot, outer space robot are rapid, mainly uses in the mine clearance, laying min

41、es, the reconnaissance, to stand guard and the outer space survey aspect. 逝沓埏窄艋玲贱尖泳菝欷热愫 England浒如慕澎菰殿蹦卩据跻膈违茌As early as in 1966, American Unimation Corporations You Ni the Munder robot and the AMF Corporations fertile sha especially blue robot already took the lead to enter the British market. in 19

42、67 Britains two greatly mechanical companies also especially for American these two robot company in British sales promotion robot. Then, British Hall Automation Corporation develops own robot RAMP. In the early 70s, because the British government Scientific research Committee has promulgated the de

43、nial artificial intelligence and robots Lighthall reported that has implemented the limit development stern measures to the industry robot, thus the robot industry is unable to recover, almost resides in the lowliest place in Western Europe.But, internationally the robot vigorous developments situat

44、ion very quickly causes the British Government to realize: Robot technologys backwardness, causes its commodity in international market competitive power is the drop greatly. Therefore, started from the late 70s, the British government transferred has the support manner, carried out and implements h

45、as a series of supported the policies and measures which the robot developed, like the widespread propaganda used robots importance, in the finance for the purchase robot enterprise subsidy, to promote the robot research unit and the cartel positively and so on, made the British robot to start the p

46、rosperous time which and developed vigorously in the realm of production widespread application.旒陷骄称晰邦珀禚廓衙绝苛梦France螫鼋兔兖萸琴龠养笛蘼芳玲渫France not only resides in the world leader in the robot capacity, moreover is in the world advanced level in the robot application level and the application scope. This ma

47、inly gives credit the French government quite takes the robot technology from the very beginning, specially places the key point develops in robots applied research.The French robots development is quite smooth, the primary cause is the research project which supports vigorously through the governme

48、nt, establishes a complete science and technology system. Namely by Official organization some robot foundation technology aspect research project, but applies and develops the aspect by the industrial world support development the work, both complement one another, cause the robot at the French bus

49、iness community very quick development and the popularization.堍洼偈瘅伶灭惯逋赚供鸨釜瞽German鹭梓钮稍瞥春篙鼍锞竺钞昱桕 The Germany industry robots total occupies world third, is only inferior to Japan and the US. Here said Germany, what mainly refers to is original Federal Republic of Germany. It compared to British and Sw

50、eden introduction robot approximately late 56 years. Its therefore so, is because of a Germanys robot industry start, met the domestic economy not to be booming. But Germanys social environment is actually is advantageous to the robot industrial development. Because of the war, causes the labor forc

51、e to be short, as well as the national technical level is high, is realizes uses robots advantage. To the 70s mid and late part, the government has used the administrative method to pave the way for robots promotion; Stipulated in the improvement work condition plan that has the danger regarding som

52、e, virulently, the harmful operating post, must replace average persons work by the robot. This plan has developed the widespread market for robots application, and promoted the industry robot technology development. The Rierman nationality is any scientist does not grind the heavy actual nationalit

53、y, they always insisted the technical application and the social demand unify principle. Is likely same besides the majority countries, the robot main application in the automobile industry, a prominent spot is Germany in the textile industry with the modernized production technological transformati

54、ons original enterprise, has discarded the old machine, has purchased the modernized automatic equipment, the electronic accounting machine and the robot, causes the textile industry cost to drop, the quality to enhance, the product color and pattern varieties even more is suitable for sale. Caused

55、to 1984 the profession which explained is is on ones last legs to promote finally. Meanwhile, Germany saw the robot and so on advanced automated technology to industrial productions function, proposed after 1985, the goal which must to high-level, the belt feel the intelligence robot which shifts. A

56、fter near ten year endeavors, its intelligent robots research and the application aspect are in the recognition in the world the leading position.忄阌拘侣所睢镶茉方猎鳍赤舾Russian骞氲瞰洳诟值跷氙岸菁篮胨闱In the former Soviet Union (is mainly in Russia), discusses the robot technology from the theory and the practice is from

57、 50 niandai houbanqi starts. Started the robot prototypes research work to the late 50s. in 1968 trial produced a deep water work robot successfully. in 1971 developed the multi-purpose robots which the factory used. As early as (in 1970 11,975 years) started when the former Soviet Union ninth five-

58、year plan, developed the robot to include in the country scientific technological advance guiding principle. To 1975, has developed 30 models 120 robots, passes through 20 year endeavor, former Soviet Unions robot in quantity, the quality water on is at the world leader position. The country has the

59、 destination to enhance the science and technology progress to treat as the impetus social product development the method, arranges robots research manufacture; The related robots research production, applies, the promotion and the enhancement work, arranges by the government, to have the plan, to carry on according to the step.核肫读阱囿珑帮驱驸曩兰为胥 China颚眉币流铒箍钴瞅窈辱桊屡屺Some people believed that is only to sav