1-Culture-differencesPPT优秀课件

1、1Comparison between Chinese and English-speaking cultures英汉语言文化对比英汉语言文化对比 lecturer: 彭春燕Sep.23rd 20102 I Q EQ CI : the intelligence used to adapt effectively to foreign cultures or foreign people and to feel comfortable there. It is very important in 3CI is a persons comprehensive ability that includ

2、es: linguistic knowledge of the culture cultural knowledge behind the language intercultural awareness （a saying） communication skills and strategies. 4Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the course Significance of the course Features of the course Content of the course Reference books The method of eval

3、uation and class discipline Grouping of the class (discussion)5Purpose of the course Grammar, vocabulary while ignoring cultural knowledge. In fact culture has been neglected in traditional teaching for a long time: e.g. John Bull and Uncle Sam He eats no fish. He is a chicken.To learn a language is

4、 also to learn its culture. If you want to be bilingual, you should also be bicultural. silly mistakes6Significance of the course Todays big environment Chinese economy is developing so fast; Chinas entry into WTO; Chinas successful holding of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games; A major player in the recove

5、ry of the global financial recession. People all over the world have realized the rise of China. Cross-cultural exchanges &intercultural communications have never been so frequent and extensive before. If we want to survive in the global village and multicultural world, we should develop our intercu

6、ltural communication skills. 7Significance of the course What happens if one fails to know the cultural differences? Cultural mistakes “Native speakers tend to be rather tolerant of mistakes in pronunciation and syntax, but far less tolerant of cultural mistakes.”Serious consequences: lead to misund

7、erstanding, or even disasters(ok gesture) and therefore hinder communication8 A Swiss couple who couldnt speak Chinese once had dinner in one Chinese restaurant in Hang Kong. After ordering the dishes, they made gestures to tell the waiter to make something for their dog to eat. The waiter seemed to

8、 have understood what they intended and took the dog to the kitchen. After a while, the waiter came out with a plate of dog meat. Can you imagine the couples response to this?9Example 2 One English native speaker came to China for a visit. When he stepped off the plane and he told the Chinese man me

9、eting him at the airport, “Id like to go somewhere.” The Chinese smiled and said, “You can go anywhere”. There is misunderstanding here, what is wrong with the Chineses response ? Sometimes it is not enough to know the literal meaning of a sentence or passage, one should know its cultural implicatio

10、ns(文化内涵文化内涵) behind the language. 10 A Chinese man worked in a foreign company . One day he was late for work again, so He smiled and apologized to his foreign boss. To his surprise, his boss got even angrier. What is wrong with the Chinese mans behavior? Why did he smile when he apologized? Why did

11、 the boss get angrier?Body language varies from culture to culture. 11Example 4A Chinese girl studied abroad in Britain. While studying, she took a part-time job in a company. One day, her boss was ill and sent to the hospital. She went to see her with a flower in red and white. To her surprise, she

12、 was driven out of the hospital by her boss and later she was also fired.What is the misunderstanding here?The girl should not send flowers in red and white to the patient for White flower signifies death. So if you want to survive in a foreign country, you have to know its culture, including its cu

13、stoms, lifestyles etc. Otherwise, you might make mistakes unconsciously. 12Example 5Some Americans were learning Chinese in one American University. Two teachers (a male and a female) were giving the class. They were non-native speakers of Chinese. They were using actual objects to demonstrate certa

14、in expressions. After practicing “这是这是什么什么”（what is this?）, 这是桌子，椅子这是桌子，椅子等等with various objects. The teachers then asked, “Is this a thing?” (这是东西这是东西吗？吗？) )是，这是东西是，这是东西。（。（This is a thing.）They then turned to negative answers. Pointing to himself, one of the teachers asked, “Am I a thing? (我是东西吗？我

15、是东西吗？)” The other teacher shook her head, saying, “no, you are not a thing.” The male teacher then pointed to her and asked, “Are you a thing?”(你是东西吗？你是东西吗？) “no, I am not a thing.” Can you imagine how the two teachers feel when they later find out what it means to say “A person is not a thing.” in

16、Chinese culture? What lesson can they get? 13Example 8 Culturally-loaded words These words cultural implications vary from culture to culture, from age to age. Some Chinese were known to introduce their wife or husband as their “lover” and westerners were shocked to hear that and they couldnt unders

17、tand why Chinese were so open about having a “lover”. Lover: a person whom one has love affair with but is not married to. We can say “the man has a wife and also a lover.” Peasants: Can we call todays rural people in China peasants? exploited class; ill-educated and rudeIndividualism = selfishness=

18、 self-centeredness ? To Americans, it is a positive word indicating self-reliance, self-achievement and it is the source of individual success and social progress. 14 In China, there are a lot of mistakes in the advertising signs (广告广告) 拿铁咖啡：拿铁咖啡：take iron coffee 一次性筷子一次性筷子：one sex chopsticks 残迹人电梯残

19、迹人电梯：disabled elevator 小心溺水小心溺水：careful drowning 蟹粉小笼蟹粉小笼：crab pink small cageNote: We should pay particular attention to cultural differences in translation. 15Causes of cultural mistakes Different values collectivism 集体主义集体主义VS individualism Different thinking patterns and styles holistic整体的整体的VS

20、analytical 分析的分析的 Different ethics(道德体系道德体系) and customs(eating; marriage etc.) “孝孝” “仁仁” “义义” Seemingly equivalent words have quite different connotations(内涵内涵) 色鬼，替罪羊色鬼，替罪羊 16Theory guiding culture learning What is culture?Culture : the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes,

21、 meanings, hierarchies ( rank, classes), religions, timing, roles, spatial relationships, concepts of the universe and material objects acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group. We just look at “culture” in its broad sense. (活法儿活法儿 ) It encompasses almo

22、st every aspect in our life, from knowledge to customs, from habits to values, from relationships to concepts. 17Cultural Relativism相对论相对论 All cultures are of equal value The values and behavior of a culture can only be judged using that culture as a frame of reference(参照系参照系) The only way to unders

23、tand the behavior of others is in the context of their own culture. There is no right or wrong; merely difference18 Cultural differences that we talk about are not absolute since culture is constantly changing.e.g. Chinese values? Collectivism, diligence, filial piety We dont mean that Chinese peopl

24、e are all collectivists, we just talk about the tendencies. let the above-mentioned theory serve as a guide when we talk about cultural differences or similarities.192.The different use of colors in both cultures Is there “yellow book” in English? What is “眼红眼红” in English?3. The different associati

25、ons of animals/birds in both cultures (for example, do dragon, phoenix, Cat, Owl, Lion, bat, Wolf etc. carry the same meaning ? ) 4. Euphemism in Chinese culture and western culture. e.g. “answer the call of nature” is the euphemism of ? Ugly? In the family way? 205. Taboo in Chinese culture and wes

26、tern culture. linguistic and social taboo6. Cultural differences in different social activities: such as in daily conversations, in the use of kinship terms, and celebration of festivals etc.)7. The different use of body language in both cultures218. Different associations of plants, fruits and flow

27、ers in both cultures E.g. What can people associate “apple” with in Western culture? Golden apple? Lily? Narcissus(水仙花水仙花)? 9. Chinese food culture VS western food culture: 10. Idioms in both cultures (differences and similarities) e.g. Walls have ears; on the thin ice 2211. Allusions(典故典故) in both

28、cultures: e.g “Romeo and Juliet” “Pandoras box”. allusions in Greek and Roman mythology, Bible, works of Shakespeare and so on. 12. Work out the differences between Chinese values and American values In order to develop your intercultural communication skills, for some units, we are going to have so

29、me case studies and watch some relevant videos. 23Reference books 邓炎昌，刘润清邓炎昌，刘润清Language and culture 语言与文化语言与文化- 外国教学与研究出版社外国教学与研究出版社 Don Snow, Encounters with westerners -如何跟西方人如何跟西方人 打打交道，交道， 上上海外语教育出版社海外语教育出版社 包惠南，文化语境与语言翻译，中国对外翻译出版公司包惠南，文化语境与语言翻译，中国对外翻译出版公司 金惠康，跨文化交际翻译，金惠康，跨文化交际翻译， 中国对外翻译出版公司中国对

30、外翻译出版公司 胡文仲，胡文仲， A dictionary of British and American culture- 外国外国教学与研究出版社教学与研究出版社 杜学增，杜学增， 中英文化习俗比较，外国教学与研究出版社中英文化习俗比较，外国教学与研究出版社 Notebook 24The method of evaluation and class discipline 平时成绩平时成绩: attendance+ presentation 10% One quiz 10% one assignment 10% 期末考试期末考试 Final exam 70% one sample of th

31、e presentation25Class disciplines:No absence from class without adequate justification.Late comers will be closed out for some time No eating in class. (But drinking is permitted at any time)Being polite to not only the teacher but also the classmates.Active participation in class activities.Turn of

32、f the cell phone in the class.26 根据本科考试规定第四章第根据本科考试规定第四章第18条，在考试前，学生必须取得条，在考试前，学生必须取得该课程的考核资格。规定要求：该课程的考核资格。规定要求：“凡是一门课程病假凡是一门课程病假事假事假缺席累计超过缺席累计超过1/3，或作业及平时成绩定为不及格者，取消，或作业及平时成绩定为不及格者，取消其期终考试资格。其期终考试资格。” 大学英语课程在每学期各种缺席累积：大学英语课程在每学期各种缺席累积：专项英语专项英语5次次(10小节小节), 或单科作业或单科作业1/2未交者，以及平时考核不及格者，取消未交者，以及平时考核不及

33、格者，取消其考试资格。其考试资格。 本学期专项英语本学期专项英语2学分。学分。 (任何任何)专项英语考试尚未通过的学生，需要在以后的学期继专项英语考试尚未通过的学生，需要在以后的学期继续注册选修，直至考试及格，获得相应学分。续注册选修，直至考试及格，获得相应学分。 27Grouping of the class and discussion Split into different groups (preferably 4) and briefly introduce yourselves to each other(concerning your name, major, hobbies,

34、reason) and choose your group leader. Look at the following passage and figure out the meaning of the underlined words in English culture: Mr. Brown is a white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him he was in a brown study. I hope he will soon

35、 be in the pink again.28Stereotypes of different nationalitiesChineseAmericanBritishgentleman French romantic German orderly Italian RussianAustralian29Stereotypes of different nationalities Chinese Great savers; fast-learner; spitter; terrible drivers; pirates Americancan-do attitude; U.S.-centred

36、world view; fast-food eaters ; not wordlyBritish Bull-dog spirit; arrogant; conservative; bad food; drinkers; love of privacy French romantic lovers; best cuisine; patriotism; chaoticGermanno sense of humor; tidy; orderly; beer belly; Italian More chaotic; noisy; Russian Rich; muiti-billionaires; spy; mafia; vodka AustralianSport-lover; meat-lover; friendly; 30Slangs or idioms each class She has a crush on Tom.暗恋某人暗恋某人 She is a knockout. 她是个万人迷。她是个万人迷。31 Case study A foreign teacher, who taught English in China, one day made a request to the Chinese Bureau of Foreign Affa