2020届高考英语专题复习——阅读理解(共75张PPT)2

1、高三英语专题复习之三阅读理解The ContentThe misunderstanding about reading comprehensionHow to Do the Problems on Reading ComprehensionBasic Training.英语阅读中的误区英语阅读中的误区The Misunderstanding about Reading Comprehension误区误区1.以为读得越慢，对文以为读得越慢，对文章的信息了解越多，理解程章的信息了解越多，理解程度也越高。度也越高。心理学与心理语言学表明：阅读速度与理解率几乎没有关系。即使有，正好相反：速度越快，理解

2、率越高。阅读速度快，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。措施：1.经常进行限时阅读。不仅注意准确率，更要注重速度，逐渐养成习惯。2.强制把手或笔等物体离开读物。让大脑活动、眼睛转动和手指翻书。3、进行意群阅读，扩大视幅。逐词阅读还会割断词与词的联系。误区误区2.阅读时将文字读出声阅读时将文字读出声来，或在心里清晰地发出单来，或在心里清晰地发出单词的音。词的音。实验证明，默读是朗读的2倍。过分依赖声音而非语意，将影响阅读的广度和深度。1.阅读时紧闭双唇。2.有意识地将阅读速度加快到超过讲话的最快速度。措施：误区误区3.阅读英语时，先将英文阅读英语时，先将英文译成母语然后经过母语去理解译成母语然后经过母语去

3、理解所读的内容。所读的内容。阅读经过多重的翻译环节，必然会影响阅读速度.1、阅读英文时用英语思考非常必要。2、经过大量的快速阅读训练，脑子会自然而然地与英语建立直接的联系。措施：误区误区4.对已读过的内容感到对已读过的内容感到不放心或因没看懂，再次倒不放心或因没看懂，再次倒回去读。回去读。倒读次数太多会影响阅读速度。对一篇文章的理解一般情况是相对的，并不要求记住每个细节。1.建立只读一遍就能懂的自信心。2、首先理解文章大意。3、阅读中目光始终从左到右移动。（除根据题目要求，有必要重读有些内容外）措施：误区误区5.平时平时阅读中不适当地阅读中不适当地、非常频繁地使用英汉词典。非常频繁地使用英汉词

4、典。一篇文章变得支离破碎，不利于整体把握文章的主旨大意。阅读效率低下。1.阅读训练时，选择在词汇和语法深度上与自己相当的材料。（生词10）2.采用上下文分析或根据词根、前、后缀等方法猜词。3.完成阅读训练任务后,有必要重读该文章，查生词的准确含义，并记忆。措施：.如何做阅读理解题如何做阅读理解题How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension考查目标： 对不同体裁的语言对不同体裁的语言材料的材料的理解能力理解能力，以及，以及通过对材料的阅读，从通过对材料的阅读，从材料中材料中捕获信息的能力捕获信息的能力。四项要求：四项要求：1 1、不

5、但要求掌握所读、不但要求掌握所读材料的材料的主旨大意、中心主旨大意、中心思想思想，而且要求掌握文，而且要求掌握文章中的章中的详细事实与细节详细事实与细节。2 2、不但要求对于具体事、不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求实情节的理解，而且要求对其对其抽象含义抽象含义的理解，既的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理要理解字面意思，又要理解其解其深层含义深层含义，包括作者，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。的态度、观点、意图等。3 3、既要求理解文章中、既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻要求根据其含义及逻辑关系辑关系进行判断和推进行判

6、断和推理理。4 4、既要求考生能够运、既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生求考生能运用中学生应有的应有的生活常识生活常识去分去分析、理解问题。析、理解问题。阅读理解题型设计：阅读理解题型设计：A.事实询问题B.推理判断题C.数据推算题D.识图解意题E.主旨大意题F.常识题A.事实询问题 此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。做题要领：1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2.按照要求，寻找答案源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗 示作用。

7、4.多读课文，正确使用排 除法。B.推理判断题 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：1.What can you conclude from this passage？2.Whats the authors attitude towards.？3.We can infer from the passage that.4.Which statement is(not) true? 做题要领：1.在阅读时，要挖掘文章 的深层含义。2.抓住材料实质性的

8、东 西。C.数据推算题 要求考生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。D.识图解意题 此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。做题要领：1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。E.主旨大意题 此类题型用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如：What is the main idea of this passage？What does the passage mainly t

9、alk about？What does the writer want to tell us？另一类为标题问题。如：Which is the best title of this article/passage？做题要领： 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。F.经验常识题 此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。 此类题往往与文章没有直接关系，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。做题要领：.

10、阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-Meaning-guess能力类型990001021.推理判断45442.分析综合33533.猜测词义44244.作者意图、态度4415.归纳中心、主题11246. 理解实事43457. 逻辑排列1返回返回When a contractor is ready to begin construction of a superhighway，he makes a preliminary study of the drawings and blueprints supplied by the engineers. He gains men

11、tal picture of the whole job before he begins actual constructionA.preparatory B.extensive C.scientific D.necessary答案答案A A. preparatory。preliminary和preparatory的，表示“预先”的意思，又根据常识，凡是搞工程建设在着手建造时一定要作建筑前期准备，包括研究审查工程师的设计图纸等。故A为唯一正确选项。解解 释释题题型型(一)、学习同义词(二)、学习反义词(三)、找线索，找信息词，判断新单词(四)、根据上下文判断新词汇的确切意思一.判断词义二二三

12、三（一）学习同义词，扩大词汇量1.Exercise for understanding the words从所给选项中选出所给单词的同义词从所给选项中选出所给单词的同义词. .1. desire A. health B.wealth C. security D.want (二）二）（三）（三）（四）（四）2. fast A.easy B.rapid C.slow D.furious3. mistake A.check B. fury C. error D. figure4. fault A. cunning B. mistake C. dizzy D. silly5. purpose A. w

13、ill B. thread C. interest D.intent6. employ A. pay B. fire Chire D. direct7. choose A. appoint B. elect C. defeat D. honour8. last Afirst Bfinal Cinitial Donly9. still Acalm Bstormy Cwarm Dnoisy10. harm Akill Binjure Cheal Dtreat（二）学习英语反义词，扩大词汇量：从四个中选出所给单词的反义词：1. right Afaulty B. correct Cwrong Dlig

14、ht2. Gradual Ahasty BSudden Cquick Dstrange（一）（一）（三）（三）（四）（四）3. poverty Awealth Bmoney Criches Dcost4. sameness A. humour B. mixture C. variety D. interest5. unite A.join B.divide C. fuse D. tie6. danger A. guard B. safety C. security D.lane7. unlike Adislike BSimilar Ccopied Dtricky8. smallest Abig

15、gest BOldest Cheavy Dfat(三)从句子或文段中找线索，找信息词，判断新单词，扩大词汇量：Example:Twelveyearold Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic(一一)(二二)（四）（四）【解析】答案为B calm。句中的 but合符逻辑，指明sedate正是active的反义词。calm实为sedate的同义词或近义词。这样but就成为寻找sedate这个生词意思的答案的线索或信息词了。解解 释释1

16、.He found an unpretentious job as a wheeler of cement（水泥）and loved being unnoticed. A.unshowy B. unlucky C. easy D. unhappy2. Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again3.He felt very alone; he had lived in

17、 Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A.unfriendly B.uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous4. An occasional respite dur-ing a long evening of study is desirable. Tom often takes a short breath between chap -ters or between assignments.A. test B. review C. drink D.

18、rest5. She sneered, You are the worst type of parasite. You make me sick! You take our friendship and love, but you give nothing of yourself! A. person B. enemy C. friend D. one who lives on another6. I want to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me.A. deceive B.frightenC.Talk out of i

19、t D.accompany(四)根据上下文判断新词 汇的确切意思 典型例句分析:Tom cant find Tom cant find his his sneakerssneakers. . A.Money B. bowls C. shoes A.Money B. bowls C. shoesTom cant find Tom cant find his white sneakershis white sneakers A.Money B. bowls C. shoesA.Money B. bowls C. shoesTom cant play tennis nowTom cant play

20、tennis now because he cant because he cant find his white find his white sneakerssneakers. . A.Money B. bowls C. shoes A.Money B. bowls C. shoes(一一)(二二)(三三)return【解析】sneakers中学课本中未出现过的新词。根据英语语法，A、B、C代入句子中都正确。作为名词的A、B、C代人句中意思也说得通。但在speakers前加一个修饰语就成为Tom cant find his white sneakers那么 A领则可去掉，答案则可能是B和C

21、。而在这句的前面再加一层意思，这就是Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers. 这样一看就知道bowls(碗）与打网球没有什么联系，而shoes与打网球却有密切联系，不穿鞋怎么打网球呢？C就成为唯一正确选项。解释解释启示： 这一阅读理解练习的特点是每一题都看三个句子，每后一句总比前一句多一层新意思，每一题都有 一个相同划线部分的词语。必 须学会根据上下文提供的信息， 结合一定的常识才能推理判 断出新词语的准确意思。(四四)判断词义练习 根据上下文，选出各题划线词语的准确的答案。l. Jane is usua

22、lly prompt. Alate Bon time CpleasedJane is usually prompt for her classes Alate B. on time，C. pleasedJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class. Alate Bon time CpleasedB2. Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sunTom saw an owl in a tree l

23、ast night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sunTom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sunA3. The boy wants a pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe boy wants a brown pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe boy wants to ride a brown pony. Adog Bcat ChorseC4. He rejected the advice Atook Brefuse

24、d CmadeHe rejected the advice his teacher gave him Atook Brefused CmadeSince he rejected the advice his teacher gave him，he failed in the exam Atook Brefused CmadeB5. The children are looking at an ape. Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of birdThe children are looking at an ape at the zoo A

25、a kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of birdThe children are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of birdA6. The trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit CappleThe fresh trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit CappleThe fresh trout is very cheap, but I dont k

26、now how to cook it Afish Bfruit CappleA7. Jack was injured this morning A. ill Bhurt CsadJack was injured this morning，and he could not come to school A. ill Bhurt CsadJack was injured when he played basketball this morning，and he could not come to schoolA. ill Bhurt CsadB8. The lady asked the waitr

27、ess to get her a saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plateThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plateThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plateC9. We seldom see a sparrow now. Aa kind of dog Ba

28、 kind of plane Ca kind of birdwe seldom see a sparrow in the sky Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of birdwe seldom see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of bird C10. The plane didnt take off on time Aarrive Bleave CseeThe plane didnt take off on time Aarrive Bleave CseeAll the Passengers got on the plane， but the plane didnt take off on time Aarrive Bleave CseeB11. The quiz will