乙醇水精馏塔试验

1、乙醇-水精馏塔实验一、实验目的：1. 了解板式精馏塔的结构和操作。2. 学习精馏塔性能参数的测量方法，并掌握其影响因素。二、实验内容：1. 测定精馏塔在全回流条件下，稳定操作后的全塔理论塔板数和总板效率。2. 测定精馏塔在部分回流条件下，稳定操作后的全塔理论塔板数和总板效率三、实验原理：对于二元物系，如已知其汽液平衡数据，则根据精馏塔的原料液组成，进料 热状况，操作回流比及塔顶馏出液组成，塔底釜液组成可以求出该塔的理论板数Nr.按照式1可以得到总板效率Et,其中NP为实际塔板数。(1)Er 二-100 %N p部分回流时，进料热状况参数的计算式为式中：tq = Cpm (tBp 汗厂 rmrm

2、F 进料温度，C 。(2)BP 进料的泡点温度，C 。Cp 进料液体在平均温度（t f+ t p） 12下的比热,kJ/ (kmol? C)m进料液体在其组成和泡点温度下的汽化潜热,kJ/kmolCpm C p 1 M 1 X1 C p 2 M 2X2 kJ/ ( kmol?C)(3)r2 M 2 x 2 kJ/kmol(4)式中：CP1, Cp2 分别为纯组份1和组份2在平均温度下的比热，kJ/(kg? C)or 1,r 2 分别为纯组份1和组份2在泡点温度下的汽化潜热,kJ/kg 。M, M分别为纯组份1和组份2的摩尔质量，kJ/kmol。X1,X2分别为纯组份1和组份2在进料中的摩尔分率

3、。四、实验装置基本情况1 实验设备流程图（如图1所示）：图1精馏实验装置流程图1-储料罐；2-进料泵；3-放料阀；4-加热器；5-直接进料阀；6-间接进料阀；7-进料流量计；8-高位槽；9-玻璃观察段；10-精馏塔；11-塔釜取样阀；12- 釜液放空阀；13-塔顶冷凝器；14-回流比流量计；15-塔顶取样阀；16-塔顶液 回收罐；17-放空阀；18-冷却水流量计；19-塔釜储料罐；20-塔釜冷凝器；21- 第8块板进料阀；22-第9块板进料阀；23-第10块板进料阀；24-液位计；25- 料液循环阀；26-釜残液出料阀;27-进料入口阀；28-指针压力表2.实验设备主要技术参数：精馏塔实验装置

4、结构参数见表1:表1精馏塔结构参数名称直径(mm高度(mm板间距(mr)板数(块)板型、孔径(mr)i材质塔体 76X 3.510010011筛板2.0不锈钢塔釜 220X 2400不锈钢塔顶冷凝器 89X 3.5600不锈钢塔釜 冷凝器 57X 3.5300不锈钢表2乙醇一水t-x-y 关系(以乙醇摩尔分率表示，x-液相，y-气相)摩尔分数x摩尔分数yt/ C0.0000.0001000.0500.31090.60.1000.43086.40.2000.52083.20.3000.57581.70.4000.61480.70.5000.65779.90.6000.69879.10.7000.

5、75578.70.8000.82078.40.8940.89478.150.9500.94278.31.0001.00078.3乙醇沸点：78.3 C ; 水沸点：100.0 C .3 实验仪器及试剂：(1) 实验物系：乙醇一水(本试验也可用乙醇 -正丙醇物系)；(2) 实验物系纯度要求：化学纯或分析纯；(3) 实验物系平衡关系见表2;(4) 实验物系浓度要求：15-25 % (乙醇质量百分数)，浓度分析使用酒精计， 酒精计为体积分数，通过查酒精体积分数、质量分数、密度对照表可得酒 精的质量分数W通过质量分率求出摩尔分率(X A)，公式如下：乙醇分子量M A =46;水分子量M b= 18严)

6、X( Ma)a_(wa) 1_WO(Ma)Mb3 实验设备面板图（如图2所示）:1-塔顶温度（ A第勿夬板温度代） 办執块板温度（匸:1- 第&块板温度2）2- 第9块板温度（匸3- 第山块板溫即匸塔釜温度（口回流庚温底匸）迸糾溫席（-C）加哋压（V）总电源进料泵加热O OO 进料 加熟图2精馏设备仪表面板图五、实验方法及步骤：1. 实验前检查准备工作:配制一定浓度（质量浓度20 %左右）的乙醇一水混合液（总容量25升左右），倒 入储料罐中。打开进料入口阀 27,其余阀门关闭，启动进料泵 2,打开料液循 环阀25,使料液混合均匀，混合均匀后将料液循环阀 25打至半开，将直接进料 阀全开，放空阀

7、12全开，进行进料，一般在塔釜总高 2/3处。然后关闭进料阀门和进料泵2. 实验操作:全回流操作： 打开塔顶冷凝器进水阀门,保证冷却水足量（160L/h即可）。 记录室温。接通总电源开关（220V）。 调节加热电压约为150伏，待塔板上建立液层后再适当加大电压至 170V,使 塔内维持正常操作。 当各块塔板上鼓泡均匀后，保持加热釜电压不变，在全回流情况下稳定20分钟左右。期间要随时观察塔内传质情况直至操作稳定。然后分别在塔顶、 塔釜取样口用100ml量筒同时取样，通过酒精计分析样品浓度。部分回流操作： 打开间接进料阀门和进料泵，调节转子流量计 ，以3.0-4.0（ L/h）的流量向塔内加料，打

8、开进料加热开关，调节到合适的进料温度，用回流比流量计调节回 流比为R = 3，馏出液收集在塔顶液回收罐中。 塔釜产品经冷却后由溢流管流出，收集在容器内。 待操作稳定后，观察塔板上传质状况，记下加热电压、塔顶温度，塔釜压力等有 关数据,整个操作中维持进料流量计读数不变，分别在塔顶、塔釜和进料三处取样 用酒精计其浓度并记录下进塔原料液的温度。（3）实验结束 取好实验数据并检查无误后可停止实验， 此时关闭进料阀门和加热开关，关闭 回流比流量计阀门。 停止加热后10分钟再关闭冷却水，一切复原。 根据物系的t-x-y 关系,确定部分回流条件下进料的泡点温度，并进行数据处 理。六、实验注意事项：1. 由于

9、实验所用物系属易燃物品，所以实验中要特别注意安全，操作过程中避免洒落以免发生危险。2. 本实验设备加热功率由仪表自动调节， 注意控制加热升温要缓慢，以免发生爆 沸（过冷沸腾）使釜液从塔顶冲出。若出现此现象应立即断电，重新操作。升温和 正常操作过程中釜的电功率不能过大。3. 开车时要先接通冷却水再向塔釜供热，停车时操作反之。4. 检测浓度使用酒精计，使用方法见说明书。5. 为便于对全回流和部分回流的实验结果 （塔顶产品质量）进行比较，应尽量使 两组实验的加热电压及所用料液浓度相同或相近。连续开出实验时，应将前一次 实验时留存在塔釜、塔顶、塔底产品接受器内的料液倒回原料液储罐中循环使用。七、实验数

10、据记录表4精馏实验原始数据实际塔板数：11实验物系：乙醇-水全回流：R = g,塔釜压力=kPa部分回流：R =3进料量：4 l/h进料温度：60 C塔顶组成塔釜组成塔顶组成塔釜组成进料组成体积分数附录酒精体积分数、质量分数、密度对照表体积分数质量分数体积分数质量分数体积分数质量分数0033.427.521766.859.01810.10.079133.527.607866.959.12230.20.158233.627.69436759.22660.30.237333.727.780767.159.3310.40.316333.827.86767.259.43540.50.395633.92

11、7.953267.359.53980.60.47483428.039867.459.64440.70.55434.128.126467.559.74890.80.633334.228.21367.659.85420.90.712634.328.299667.759.958910.791834.428.386367.860.06361.10.871234.528.472967.960.16841.20.950534.628.566860.27331.31.029934.728.646768.160.37871.41.109234.828.733568.260.48391.51.138634.92

12、8.820268.360.58961.61.26813528.907168.460.69461.71.347535.128.993968.560.80051.81.42735.229.081168.660.90641.91.506535.329.16868.761.011621.58635.429.255268.861.11762.11.665535.529.342168.961.2232.21.745135.629.42916961.32912.31.824735.729.516469.161.43532.41.904335.829.603469.261.54152.51.983935.92

13、9.690869.361.64712.62.06363629.777869.461.75352.72.143336.129.865369.561.85992.82.22336.229.952769.661.96642.92.302736.330.039869.762.072932.382536.430.127369.862.17883.12.462236.530.214969.962.28553.22.54236.630.30247062.39223.32.621836.730.3970.162.4993.42.701636.830.477370.262.60583.52.781536.930

14、.564970.362.71273.62.86143730.652570.462.81963.72.941337.130.740270.562.92673.83.021237.230.827970.663.0333.93.101237.330.91670.763.140243.181137.431.003870.863.24744.13.261137.531.091670.963.35464.23.341137.631.17947163.46194.33.421137.731.267371.163.56934.43.501237.831.355571.263.67684.53.581337.9

15、31.443471.363.78434.63.66143831.531371.463.89184.73.741538.131.619371.564.00024.83.821638.231.707671.664.10794.93.901838.331.795971.764.215653.981938.431.88471.864.32345.14.062138.531.972171.964.43135.24.142438.632.06057264.53295.34.222638.732.14972.164.64725.44.302838.832.237172.264.7565.54.383138.

16、932.325472.364.8645.64.46343932.413972.464.97315.74.543739.132.502572.565.08135.84.62439.232.591172.665.19035.94.704439.332.679472.765.299464.784839.432.768172.865.40796.14.865139.532.856872.965.51646.24.945639.632.94557365.62576.35.025939.733.034373.165.7356.45.106439.833.122773.265.84456.55.186839

17、.933.211673.365.95326.65.26734033.300473.466.06286.75.347840.133.389373.566.17246.85.428340.233.478273.666.28216.95.508940.333.567573.766.391875.589440.433.656573.866.50097.15.670140.533.745573.966.61087.25.750640.633.83457466.72077.35.831240.733.923674.166.83077.45.911840.834.013174.266.94087.55.99

18、2540.934.102274.367.0517.66.07324134.191474.467.16127.76.153941.134.280574.567.27147.86.234641.234.370174.667.38257.96.315341.334.459774.767.49386.396141.434.54974.867.60348.16.476841.534.638374.967.7148.26.557741.634.7287567.82468.36.638441.734.817875.167.93528.46.719241.834.902775.268.0468.56.8001

19、41.934.996675.368.15768.66.8814235.086575.468.26848.76.961842.135.176375.568.37948.87.042742.235.266275.668.49048.97.123742.335.356275.768.601497.204642.435.446175.868.71349.17.285542.535.536175.968.82469.27.366542.635.62627668.93589.37.447542.735.716276.169.04729.47.528542.835.806376.269.15949.57.6

20、09542.935.896476.369.27089.67.69054335.986676.469.38329.77.771643.136.076876.569.49559.87.852643.236.167476.669.60739.97.933743.336.258176.769.719108.014843.436.348376.869.831610.18.10643.536.438776.969.944310.28.177143.636.52947770.056210.38.258343.736.620277.170.169110.48.339543.836.710677.270.282

21、10.58.420743.936.801177.370.394910.68.5024436.89277.470.507910.78.583244.136.982977.570.62110.88.664544.237.073877.670.734210.98.745844.337.164477.770.8475118.827144.437.255477.870.960811.18.908444.537.346577.971.074211.28.989744.637.43767871.187611.39.071144.737.528778.171.301211.49.152444.837.6195

22、78.271.415611.59.233844.937.710778.371.529211.69.31524537.801978.471.64311.79.396645.137.893278.571.756811.89.478145.237.984578.671.871511.99.559545.338.075878.771.9855129.64145.438.167278.872.099512.19.722545.538.258678.972.214412.29.80445.638.3547972.328612.39.885645.738.441979.172.442912.49.96714

23、5.838.533479.272.55812.510.048745.938.624979.372.672412.610.13034638.716579.472.787712.710.211846.138.808179.572.902212.810.293546.238.900279.673.017712.910.375146.338.991979.773.13321310.456846.439.08479.873.24813.110.538446.539.175879.973.362813.210.620146.639.26768073.478613.310.701846.739.359880

24、.173.594413.410.783646.839.451780.273.710313.510.865346.939.54480.373.826313.610.9474739.63680.473.942313.711.028847.139.728480.574.058513.811.110647.239.820480.674.173813.911.192547.339.912880.774.29011411.274347.440.005380.874.406414.111.356147.540.097580.974.522914.211.437947.640.198174.639414.31

25、1.519847.740.282781.174.75614.411.601747.840.375381.274.873514.511.683647.940.467681.374.990214.611.76555042.425281.475.107914.711.847450.142.519281.575.224814.811.929450.242.612881.675.341814.912.011450.342.706881.775.45971512.093450.442.80181.875.576915.112.175450.542.894781.975.694915.212.257450.

26、642.98888275.812215.312.339450.743.083182.175.930515.412.421450.843.177382.276.047915.512.503550.943.272182.376.166315.612.58565143.365682.476.284815.712.667751.143.459982.576.402515.812.749851.243.554482.676.521115.912.83251.343.648982.776.63991612.914151.443.743482.876.758716.112.996351.543.837982

27、.976.876716.213.078551.643.9338376.995616.313.160751.744.027683.177.114716.413.242951.844.122383.277.233816.513.325251.944.21783.377.35316.613.40735244.311883.477.472316.713.489652.144.406683.577.592616.813.571952.244.501983.677.712116.913.654252.344.596883.777.83161713.736652.444.691883.877.951217.

28、113.818952.544.786783.978.070917.213.901152.644.88228478.190717.313.983552.744.977384.178.311517.414.06652.845.072484.278.431417.514.148452.945.16884.378.552417.614.23075345.263284.478.672517.714.313253.145.358984.578.793717.814.395753.245.454184.678.914917.914.47853.345.549984.779.03521814.560553.4

29、45.645384.879.156618.114.643153.545.741284.979.277218.214.722553.645.83718579.398718.314.808153.745.932585.179.520418.414.890553.846.028685.279.642118.514.973153.946.124185.379.763918.615.05585446.220285.479.885818.715.138354.146.316485.580.008818.815.220954.246.412585.680.130818.915.303554.346.5088

30、85.780.2531915.386254.446.60585.880.375319.115.468954.546.700885.980.497619.215.551554.646.79728680.6219.315.634154.746.893686.180.743519.415.716954.846.990186.280.866119.515.799754.947.086586.380.989819.615.88235547.183186.481.113519.715.96555.147.279786.581.237319.816.047855.247.376886.681.360319.

31、916.130755.347.473586.781.48432016.213455.447.570286.881.608420.116.296355.547.667586.981.731620.216.379155.647.76438781.855920.316.46255.747.861187.181.980320.416.54555.847.95887.282.105820.516.62855.948.055587.382.230320.616.71085648.152487.482.35520.716.793856.148.249587.582.480720.816.876956.248

32、.347187.682.605620.916.959856.348.444287.782.73052117.042856.448.541987.882.855621.117.125956.548.639187.982.981721.217.20956.648.73638883.106921.317.29256.748.834188.183.233221.417.375156.848.931588.283.359621.517.458356.949.029488.383.486121.617.54155749.126888.483.612721.717.624757.149.224888.583

33、.739421.817.707757.249.322988.683.866221.917.79157.349.420588.783.99312217.874257.449.518688.884.120122.117.957557.549.616888.984.247222.218.040857.649.71518984.374422.318.124157.749.813489.184.502722.418.207557.849.911289.284.631122.518.290857.950.009689.384.758522.618.3745850.10889.484.887122.718.

34、457458.150.206589.585.015922.818.540858.250.30589.685.144722.918.624358.350.403689.785.27362318.707758.450.502289.885.401623.118.791258.550.600989.985.530723.218.874758.650.69969085.659923.318.958258.750.798490.185.790223.419.011758.850.897290.285.919623.519.125458.950.996190.386.050223.619.2095951.

35、09590.486.179823.719.292659.151.193990.586.310623.819.376259.251.292990.686.441523.919.459859.351.392690.786.57142419.543459.451.491790.886.702524.119.627159.551.590890.986.832724.219.71159.651.699186.96424.319.794759.751.789391.187.095424.419.878459.851.889191.287.22824.519.962359.951.988591.387.35

36、9624.620.04616052.087991.487.491424.720.129960.152.187391.584.624324.820.213760.252.287491.687.756324.920.297760.352.387591.787.88842520.381560.452.487191.888.020525.120.465460.552.586791.988.153925.220.549560.652.6879288.286325.320.633360.752.787392.188.419925.420.717260.852.887192.288.554725.520.8

37、01260.952.986992.388.688525.620.88536153.087492.488.823525.720.969361.153.187992.588.957625.821.053361.253.288592.689.091725.921.137561.353.388592.789.22712621.221561.453.489292.889.361526.121.305861.553.589992.989.497126.221.389961.653.69079389.631726.321.474261.753.791593.189.768726.421.558361.853

38、.891893.289.904626.521.642661.953.992793.390.041826.621.7276254.093793.490.179126.721.911262.154.194793.590.315426.821.895662.254.295893.690.45326.921.979862.354.396993.790.59072722.064262.454.498193.890.728527.122.148762.554.599393.990.865327.222.23362.654.70129491.003327.322.317562.754.802594.191.

39、142627.422.40262.854.903994.291.282127.522.486662.955.005494.391.422727.622.57096355.106894.491.562427.722.655563.155.208494.591.702227.822.740163.255.310694.691.842227.922.824563.355.412294.791.98232822.909263.455.513994.892.123628.122.993863.555.615794.992.26428.223.078563.655.71819592.404428.323.163363.755.8295.192.547328.423.24863.855.921995.292.689228.523.332863.956.024595.392.832428.623.41766456.126595.492.974528.723.502464.156.2286