真空除氧器操作说明书(中英文)

1、真空除氧器Vacuum Deaerator 说 明 书Instruction 江苏津宜水工业装备有限公司Jiangsu Jinyi Water Industry Equipment Co.,Ltd. 一、 用途天然水中溶有多种气体,在锅炉水给水中,氧对锅炉腐蚀的危害最大.为此国家标准GB1576-85“低压锅炉水质标准”中规定2吨/时以上锅炉必须除氧.真空除氧器的出水含氧量能满足标准的要求. 真空除氧器还可以用于石油钻井回注水的除氧及水处理脱硫工艺中氢离子交换器后除二氧化碳等多种场合.Application: There are various gases dissolved in natur

2、e water; the oxygen contained in the boiler feed water may cause maximum corrosion to the boiler. So the national standard GB1576-85 low-pressure boiler water quality standard clearly states that all the boilers of 2 t/h or higher are required to have their feed water deaerated. The oxygen level in

3、the treated water from the vacuum deaerator can meet the standard and requirement. The vacuum deaerators may also be used for deaeration of the return water in oil drilling industry and for CO2 removal after the hydrogen ion exchange in the desulfurization process of water treatment; 二、 原理真空除氧的原理是基于

4、亨利定律,即在封闭容器中,气体在水中的溶解度与该气体在水面上的分压力成正比.水在沸腾时,水面上蒸汽的分压力增加,溶解于水中的气体分压力随之减小,当水面上充满了水蒸气时,水不再具有溶解气体的能力,水中所溶解的气体就析出.从水的饱和温度特性可知,在真空状态下低温水也能沸腾. 真空除氧就是利用这一特性达到除去气体(包括氧气)的目的.Working principle: The working principle of the vacuum deaeration is based on the Henry theory, that is, in a closed container, the solu

5、bility of gases in the water is in proportion to the partial pressure of the gas on the water surface; when the water is boiling, the partial pressure of the steam on the water surface will increase, while the partial pressure of the dissolved gas will decrease accordingly; when the water surface is

6、 covered full with steam, the water will no longer have the capacity to dissolve the gas and then the dissolved gas in the water will be separated out. We can see from the saturated temperature characteristics of the water that low-temperature water can also boil under vacuum condition, which is uti

7、lized by the vacuum deaerator to remove the gases including oxygen; 三、 特点1、运转工况稳定,真空度高,使用场合广.2、不消耗蒸汽,锅炉出力可全部利用.3、低温的除氧水可通过换热器回收低品位的废热后再作为锅炉给水,从而收到节能效果.4、适应性强,从负荷0-120%范围内变化时,除氧效果不受影响.5、本除氧器除高位安装外,接上引水泵机组后还可以低位安装,便于单层布置的小锅炉房用,节省投资,管理操作维修方便.Characteristics: 1, Stable operating conditions, high level o

8、f vacuum and widespread applications; 2, No consumption of steam and all outputs from the boiler may be fully utilized. 3, The low-temperature deaerated water may be recycled as feed water to the boiler after its low-grade waste heat is recovered by the heat exchanger to save the energy; 4, High ada

9、ptability, the changes of the load within 0-120% will have no impact on the deaeration efficiency; 5, In addition to overhead installation, the deaerator may also be installed at low place after connection with the water pump, which is suitable for small boiler room with only single floor featuring

10、low cost and easy and convenient management, operation and maintenance; 四、 技术规格真空除氧器主要由除氧器（脱气塔与除氧水箱），水喷射真空泵机组、引水泵机组等三部分设备组成，下述为除氧器技术规格，其它设备可备阅其样本。Technical specifications: The vacuum deaerator mainly consists of deaerator (degas tower and deaerated water tank), water jet pump unit and priming pump u

11、nit. The technical specification for the deaerator is described as following, the technical specifications for the other two parts may refer to corresponding instructions; 五、 设备与附件Equipments and accessories 1、脱气塔脱气塔内装有铜制雾化喷头，每只喷头处理水量恒定，从而得到最佳的喷雾效果。塔内装有填料层、传质快、亲水性能好。雾化的结果大大增加了水的脱气面积，当雾化的水滴继续流经无规则堆放的填

12、料层时，进一步加强了脱气效果。因此，虽然水在脱气塔内停留的时间很短，然而除氧效果很好。Degassing tower: The degassing tower is provided with copper atomizing nozzles inside with stable water flow from each nozzle to achieve the best atomizing efficiency. The packing inside the tower features fast mass transfer and good hydrophilic performance

13、. The atomization will result in the great increase of the degassing area of the water; and the degassing efficiency is further strengthened when the atomized water droplets flow through the packing layers stacked in disorder. As the result, despite the short-time retention of the water in the degas

14、sing tower, the deaeration efficiency is satisfactory; 2、除氧水箱除氧器运行时，水箱内处于负压。因此在高位安装时，水箱出口处与锅炉给水泵进口之间的净距离不得小于11米。在低位安装时（水箱出水口与锅炉给水泵在同一高度），水箱出水口要接上引水泵机组，使负压水升压后进入锅炉给水泵，水箱上装有人孔，便于维修保养时使用。Deaerated water tank: The water tank is in negative pressure inside when the dearator is running, so when the deaera

15、tor is to be installed at high position, the net distance between the outlet of the water tank and the inlet of the water feed pump of boiler shall be no less than 11 meters. When the deaerator is to be installed at low place (the outlet of water tank and the water feed pump of the boiler are at the

16、 same height), the outlet of the water tank shall be connected to the priming pump unit to increase the water pressure before flowing to the feed water pump of the boiler. The manholes furnished on the water tank are to be used during the maintenance; 3、水喷射真空泵机组由水喷射真空泵、循环水箱、离心泵组成。离心泵将循环水通过喷嘴造成高速水流而产

17、生真空。本水喷射真空除氧装置可利用软化兼作循环水，温度不会升高，因而可得到较高的真空度，提高除氧效果。方法是利用原有的软化水水箱兼作循环水箱，节约设备及占地面积。Water jet pump unit: The water jet pump unit consists of water jet vacuum pump, circulating water tank and centrifugal pump; The centrifugal pump will pump the circulating water to the spray nozzles to bring high-speed

18、water flow resulting in vacuum state. The water jet vacuum deaerator device may use the softened water as the circulating water with no increase of temperature, so high level of vacuum will be obtained with improvement of the dearation efficiency. The original softened water tank may also be used as

19、 the circulating water tank, thus lower down the equipment cost and save the space; 4、引水泵机组在除氧器低位安装时使用，通过该泵可将负压的除氧水升压后进入锅炉给水泵。Priming Pump Unit: In case of installation of the deaerator at low place, this pump can increase the pressure of the deaerated water in negative pressure before flowing to th

20、e feed water pump of the boiler; 5、电磁阀为避免软化水进水泵不工作时软化水进入除氧器，因此在除氧器进水管道中要装电磁阀，电磁阀的启闭由水位自控报警器控制，电磁阀选用Dg50，Pg16工作介质水温小于等于60的规格。电磁阀要水平安装。Solenoid Valve: Solenoid valve shall be installed on the water inlet pipes of the deaerator to ensure the softened water can still flow to the deaerator even when the

21、softened water pump is off work; the actions of the solenoid valve are controlled by the automatic controlled alarm for water level; The solenoid valve to be used shall be Dg50, Pg16 with temperature of the working medium of less than or equal to 60. The solenoid valve shall be installed horizontall

22、y. 6、水位自控报警器及管式液位计或其它液位控制器水位自控报警器由传感器与控制报警器组成。传感器与液位计装在除氧水箱上。控制报警器放在室内操作台上。控制报警器控制软化水进水泵与电磁阀两者的动作。除氧器的进水量就是除氧器的最大出力，是恒定的。除氧器的出水量与锅炉运行时的进水量有关，一般不超过除氧器的额定出力，因此除氧器的进水量略大于出水量。当除氧水箱内水位在正常水位的上限时，水位自控制报警器动作，使得软化水进水泵停止运转与电磁阀关闭。此时由于除氧器仍在出水，水位逐渐下降，当水位在正常水位的下限时，软化水进水泵有开始运转同时电磁阀也打开，水位逐渐上升，从而水箱内水位可保持在正常水位范围内。超出正

23、常水位的上限或下限时还可以报警，此时可手控进行强制进水或使软化水进水泵停止运转，除氧器的进水是间断进行的，除氧器的出水可以是连续也可以是间断的（与锅炉操作有关）要求尽可能连续进水。Automatic water level alarm, tube type level meter or other liquid level controller:The automatic water level alarm consists of transducer and alarm control device. The transducer and the level meter are instal

24、led on the deaerated water tank, while the control alarm is installed on the operation table indoors. The control alarm is applied for the control of the actions of softened water inlet pump and solenoid valve; The water inlet capacity of the deaerator is the maximum output capacity of the deaerator

25、, which is constant. The outlet water capacity of the deaerator is closely related to the water inlet capacity when the boiler is running, normally less than the rated output capacity of the deaerator, so the water inlet capacity of the deaerator is slightly bigger than the outlet water capacity. Wh

26、en the water level in the deaerator is at the upper limit over the normal water level, the automatic water level alarm will take action to stop the running of the softened water feed pump and close the solenoid valve; due to the continuous water outlet from the deaerator, the water level will gradua

27、lly decline; when the water level in the deaerator reaches the lower limit level, the softened water pump will re-start running and the solenoid valve is opened and then the water level will gradually rise, through above process, the water level in the water tank may be maintained within the normal

28、level range. Alarming will be actuated when the water level exceeds the upper limit or lower limit levels; at this time, water may be forced in the tank or stop the running of softened water pump manually; the water feeding of the deaerator is intermittent, while the water outlet of the deaerator ma

29、y be continuous or discontinuous depending on the operation of the boiler. Water feeding shall be continuous whenever possible; 六、 操作Operation1、将水灌满水喷射真空泵机组的循环水箱，并注入冷却水调换。启动机组的离心泵，压力2.5kg/2。水喷射真空泵开始工作，在短时间内真空度上升到极限（即真空度不在上升）。除氧器脱气塔的真空度基本等于或略低于水喷射真空泵的真空度，真空度是否正常可根据当天大气压与循环水温来判断。Fill the circulating w

30、ater tank of the water jet pump unit full with water and then fill in cooling water; start the centrifugal pump with water pressure 2.5kg/cm2; then the water jet vacuum pump starts working to increase the vacuum level to the maximum within short time (namely the limit of the vacuum level). The vacuu

31、m level of the degassing tower of the deaerator is equal to or slightly lower than that of the water jet vacuum pump; whether the vacuum level is normal or not may be determined by the atmospheric pressure and the temperature of circulating water that day; 2、待除氧器真空度稳定（不再变化）数分钟后，接通液位自控报警器，此时除氧器进水离心泵与

32、电磁阀（水）自动启动。软化水进入除氧器除氧，进水压力2kg/2。进水时除氧器真空度要低于极限真空度，此时的真空度才是除氧器运行的真空度，温差根据这真空度所对应的饱和温度来调节。进水与否由液位报警器控制，进水的同时应启动加热设备。A few minutes after the vacuum state of the deaerator is stable (no change), switch on the automatic water level alarm and then the water inlet centrifugal pump of the deaerator and the

33、solid valve will automatically start to send the softened water to the deaerator for removal of oxygen with water inlet pressure 2 kg/cm2. When the water flows into the deaerator, the vacuum level of the deaerator is lower than the vacuum limit level, which is actually the real vacuum level for the

34、running of deaerator. The temperature difference may be adjusted through the saturation temperature which is corresponding to the vacuum level. The water inlet is controlled by the water level alarm; when the water is feeding, the heating equipment shall be started at the same time. 3、待水箱内除氧水上升到中水位后

35、，打开除氧器脱气塔与引水泵之间的闸阀抽除引水泵内的空气，观察引水泵上真空表，使其与脱气塔真空度基本相同。如锅炉是连续进水工作的，然后就关闭该阀。如锅炉是断续进水工作的，则该阀应略微常开。When the deaerated water level in the water tank rises to the middle level, open the gate valve between the degassing tower of the deaerator and the priming pump to remove the air inside the priming pump; ob

36、serve the vacuum meter on the priming pump to ensure the vacuum level of the priming pump is basically the same as that of the degassing tower. Close the valve in case of continuous water inlet of the boiler or slightly open the valve in case of discontinuous water inlet of the boiler; 4、打开除氧器水箱出水阀门

37、，使除氧水充满引水泵（约数分钟）此时引水泵进水口真空表读数约比除氧器低100Hg。Open the water outlet valve of the water tank of the deaerator to let the deaerated water full in the priming pump (about several minutes), at this time, the reading displayed on the vacuum meter at the water inlet of the priming pump is 100mmHg lower than th

38、at of the deaerator; 5、启动引水泵的离心泵，使引水泵自身循环工作，压力约3 kg/2。如无压力说明引水泵内无水或未充满水，此时应重复上述第3、4点。Start the centrifugal pump of the priming pump to let the priming pump work in recycle itself with pressure of approximate 3kg/cm2. Repeat the procedures described in point 3 and 4 in case of indication of pressure

39、absence or water is not full or no water inside the priming pump; 6、逐渐打开引水泵出水阀门，工作压力2kg/2，同时开启锅炉给水泵，使除氧水进入锅炉。调节锅炉给水泵出口阀门，观察流量计，使出水流量为所需要求，但不得超过引水泵的最大出力值。Gradually open the water outlet valve of the priming pump with working pressure 2kg/cm2, at the same time start the water feeding pump of the boile

40、r to let the deaerated water flow into the boiler; adjust the outlet valve of the water feeding pump of the boiler and keep close watch on the flow meter to ensure the outlet water flow rate meet the requirement, but shall not exceed the maximum output level of the priming pump; （1）对连续进水的锅炉，其进水量应调节锅

41、炉给水泵出口阀门。由于连续进水，进水量波动不大，较符合引水泵工作状况，使用是尽量采用此方法。As for boiler with continuous water inlet, the inlet water flow rate may be adjusted through the outlet valve of the water feeding pump of the boiler. There is less fluctuation for the inlet water capacity due to the continuous water flow, which is suita

42、ble for the working condition of the priming pump and shall be preferable to be used; （2）对断续进水的锅炉，引水泵与锅炉给水泵可同时启动或停止，如锅炉停止进水的时间较短，引水泵可连续运转，不便停止。由于是断续进水，在进水是流量较大，往往比引水泵的最大出力值还大，是引水泵不能正常工作。因此要调节锅炉给水泵进出口阀门及进出口间的回龙阀门，即保证锅炉的出水压力，流量又符合引水泵出力。As for the boiler with discontinuous water inlet, both priming pum

43、p and water feeding pump of the boiler may be started or stopped at the same time. If water feeding to the boiler is stopped only short time, the priming pump may be kept running continuously and shall not be stopped. As the water is fed in discontinuously, the inlet water flow rate is relative very

44、 high, sometimes higher than the maximum output capacity of the priming pump, which may make the priming fail to work normally. So it is necessary to adjust the inlet and outlet valves of the feedwater pump of the boiler and adjust the valve between the inlet and outlet, that is not only ensure the

45、outlet water pressure of the boiler, but also enable the flow rate in compliance with the output capacity of the priming pump; 7、取样分析除氧水残氧量，初投产时，应每隔两小时分析一次，根据分析结果，调节软化水加热设备的热源流量，使之符合温差要求。例如：工作时脱气塔真空度为725Hg，其相对应的水的饱和温度为31，软化水温度应为34-36，循环水温度应26-28。Sampling test the residual oxygen level in the deaerat

46、ed water, which shall be done once every two hours during the initial operation; then based on the testing result, adjust the heat source flow of the softened water heating equipment in order to meet the requirement for the temperature difference. For instance: the vacuum level of the degassing towe

47、r during the operation is 725mmHg and the corresponding saturation temperature of the water is 31, so the temperature of the softened water shall be 34-36 and the temperature of the circulating water shall be 26-28 ; 注：1、在操作前，所有阀门为关闭状态。2、在除氧器检修时，可打开软化水箱旁通阀，使软化水直接进入锅炉给水泵。对断续进水的锅炉，由于进水是流量很大，除调节锅炉给水泵进出

48、口阀门及进出口间的回龙阀门外，还应选用更大规格的引水泵，以使两者出力相符。如6t/h除氧器应选用10t/h引水泵。Note: 1, Prior to the operation, all valves shall be closed; 2, When the deaerator is under maintenance, open the bypass valve of the softened water tank to let the water directly flow to the water supply pump of the boiler. For boilers with d

49、iscontinuous water inlet, due to the extreme high water inlet flow rate, in addition to the adjustment of the inlet and outlet valves of the water supply pump of the boiler and adjustment of the valves between the inlet and outlet, it is suggested to select priming pump with larger size to meet the

50、requirement. For instance, for 6t/h deaerator, 10t/h priming pump shall be selected.七、 故障排除Troubleshooting1、 真空度抽不高真空度越高，除氧效果越好，故脱气塔内应尽可能保持最高真空度，以得到最好的除氧效果。真空度不高原因可能是：Vacuum level not high: The higher the vacuum level, the better effect for the removal of oxygen, so the degassing tower shall be main

51、tain the highest possible degree of vacuum in order to get the best deaeration efficiency. Possible reasons for not so high level of vacuum are as following: （1）抽真空的水喷射真空泵机组本身有问题可把抽气管道上的阀门关闭，启动水喷射真空泵机组，这是泵吸口处的真空表读数即为极限真空度。如机组工作正常，则极限真空度应达到循环水温所对应的饱和压力。例如循环水温为25时，真空度可在730Hg左右。如达不到，说明机组有问题，可能的原因有离心泵故障

52、、管道或离心泵或喷射泵内喷嘴堵塞，喷射泵磨损等，应逐一检查或调换。Trouble for the water jet pump unit, which is used for vacuum pumping: Close the valves on the air suction pipe and start the water jet pump unit, then the reading on the vacuum meter at the suction of the pump is the limit vacuum level. If the pump unit works proper

53、ly, the limit vacuum level shall reach the saturation pressure which is corresponding to the circulating water temperature, for instance, when the circulating water temperature is 25 , the vacuum level shall be at about 730 mm Hg. If not, then the pump unit has problems, the possible causes may be t

54、he failure of the centrifugal pump, blockage of the pipes, or centrifugal pump or nozzles of the jet pump, and jet pump worn out, which shall be checked one by one or make replacement when necessary; （2）真空系统（包括抽气管道、除氧器）有漏气打开抽气管道上阀门，关闭所有通向除氧器的阀门，然后启动水喷射真空泵机组抽气，正常情况下脱气塔显示的真空度应于水喷射真空泵吸口处的真空度基本相同，如前者比后者

55、的真空度低的较多，说明真空系统有泄露，应再做水压试验，找出泄露处进行修复。Air leakage from vacuum system (including air suction pipes, deaerator): Open the valves on the air suction pipes and close all the valves to the deaerator, then start the water jet pump unit for air suction; in normal case, the vacuum level of the degassing towe

56、r shall be basically the same as that at the suction of the water jet vacuum pump; if the vacuum level of the former is much lower than that of the latter, then the vacuum system must have leakage, which shall be subject to water pressure test again to find the leaking point and make repairing;（3）进水

57、温度太高如上述（1）（2）两点都无问题，而在除氧器进水后，真空度大幅度下降，这是由于进水温度太高，超过运行真空度下相应的饱和温度太多，产生了大量的低温蒸汽，使脱气塔内的气（汽）量超过喷射泵抽气（汽）能力，真空度就会下降。因此要降低进水温度，使水温控制在要求的范围内。Inlet water temperature too high: In case of no problems for (1) (2) points mentioned above, but the vacuum level declines greatly after the deaerator is supplied with

58、 water, the reason is that the inlet water temperature is too high, which fare exceeds the saturation temperature under the operating vacuum level leading to large amount of low-temperature steam so that the steam capacity inside the degassing tower is beyond the capacity of the jet pump for air suc

59、tion, then the vacuum level will possibly decline. So it is suggested to lower down the inlet water temperature to control the temperature within the required range; （4）抽气管道内积水如上述（1）（2）两点都无问题，而水喷射真空泵吸口处与脱气塔两者的真空度差距较大，则原因可能是两者间的抽气管道有阻塞。如抽气管太长，支架跨度过大，管道产生垂度，因而管内有积水，因此要保持抽气管道坡度，增加管架，消除管内积水。Water existing inside the air suction pipe: In case of no pr