动词时态和语态重点讲解

1、青，取之于蓝而青于蓝；冰，水为之而寒于水动词时态和语态重点讲解 篇一：动词时态和语态讲解 动词时态和语态讲解 动词时态 1.一般现在时的基本用法 主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。 【例1】 i _ all the cooking for my family，but recently ive been too busy to do it. a. will do b. do c. am doing d. had done 【例2】 the teacher said that the sun _ in the east. a. rose b. raises

2、c. rises d. is rising 2.一般现在时在状语从句中的用法 在以when，until (till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when，however，even if等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 【例3】 when _ again？ when he _，ill let you know. a.he comes；comes b.will he come；will com

3、e c.he comes；will come d.will he come；comes 【例4】 i cant tell you if it _ tomorrow if you _ me. a.rains；will ask b.shall rain；ask c.will rain；askd.would rain；will ask 二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时的基本用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 (2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last year，the other day，just now，three days

4、 ago，in 1999等。 【例5】 sales of cds have greatly increased since the 1900s，when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. a.begin b.began c.have begun d.had begun 【例6】 nancy is not coming tonight. but she _！ a.promises b.promised c.will promised.had promised 2.一般过去时用于状语从句的表达方式 在时间、条件等状语从

5、句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 【例7】 he said he would go to see his mother when he _ from abroad. a.returned b.was returned c.would return d.had returned 【例8】 helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. a.has left；comesb.left；had come c.had left；camed.had left；would come 三、现在进行时 1.现

6、在进行时的基本用法：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。 【例9】 im not finished with my dinner yet. but our friends _ for us. a.will waitb.wait c.have waited d.are waiting 【例10】 these days my father _ a novel. a.writes b.is writing c.has writtend.will write 2.用进行时表示将来的情况 某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，st

7、art，take off等。 【例11】 he _ to see you tomorrow. a.comesb.has come c.is comingd.was coming 3.always等副词在进行时中表达的意义 always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。 【例12】 john _ of what he can do for others. a.always think b.is always thinkingc.has always thought d

8、.will always think 【例13】 you _ tv.why not do something more active？ a.always watchb.are always watching c.have always watchedd.have always been watched 4.一般不用于进行时的动词 状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagin

9、e，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。 【例14】 i _ tom quite well.we were introduced at a party. a.am knowingb.was knowing c.knowd.had been knowing 【例15】 you are drinking too much. only at home.no one _ me but you.

10、a.is seeingb.had seen c.seesd.saw 四、过去进行时 1. 【例16】 i walked slowly through the market，where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.i studied the prices carefully and bought what i needed.(2021湖南) a.sell b.were selling c.had sold d.have sold 【例17】 sorry to have interrupted you.please go on. wher

11、e was i？ you _ you didnt like your fathers job. a.had saidb.said c.were sayingd.had been saying 【例18】 shirley _ a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished it. a.has writtenb.wrote c.had written d.was writing 2.过去进行时的其他用法 (1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。 (2)与always，often，constantly，frequ

12、ently，forever等副词连用,可表示某种感情色彩。 【例19】 he lost his watch when he _ football. a.played b.was playing c.had playedd.would play 【例20】 the leaders thought ill of mrs.black，because she _. a.was always complainingb.had always complained c.would always complain d.will always be complaining 五、现在完成时 1.现在完成时的基本用

13、法 主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点： (1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。 (2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从句连用。 (3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。 (4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：in the past few years，by now，up to now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，this week (month，year)，many times，just等。 【例21】 im sorry，but

14、i dont quite follow you.did you say you wanted to return on september 20？ sorry，i _ myself clear.we want to return on october 20.(2021北京) a.hadnt made b.wouldnt make c.dont make d.havent made 【例22】 they _ friends since they met in shanghai. a.have madeb.have become c.have been d.have turned 【例23】 i

15、hear jane has gone to the holy island for her birthday. oh，how nice！ do you know when she _？ a.was leavingb.had left c.has left d.left 2.现在完成时在it/this/that is the first/second time (that).结构中的应用 该结构中，that引导的从句常用现在完成时。 【例24】 do you know our town at all？ no，this is the first time i _ here. a.was b.hav

16、e been c.camed.am coming 3.现在完成时和一般过去时的比较 相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。 不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。 【例25】 you didnt lock the back door. you are wrong.i _. a.did lock itb.have locked it c.lock it myself d.do lock it 【例26】 how can you possibly miss the news？ it _ on tv all day long. a.has beenb.had been c.wasd.w

17、ill be 【例27】 does liu hui serve in the army？ no，but he _ in the army for 3 years. a.servedb.has served c.is servingd.would serve 4.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。如：ive been writing an article.(还在写)/ive written an article.(已写好) 【例28】 im tired out.i _ all afternoon and i do

18、nt seem to have finished anything. a.shopped b.have shopped c.had shopped d.have been shopping 六、过去完成时 1.过去完成时基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即所谓的“过去的过去”)。 (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。 【例29】 it took me a long time before i was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. a.had doneb.did c.would

19、 dod.were doing 2.过去完成时表示“本来”的用法 动词think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，intend等用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本来”。 【例30】 they _ to help，but they could not get there in time. a.want b.had wanted c.were wantingd.have wanted 3.用于某些特殊结构 (1)it/this/that was the first/second time (that)过去完成时 (2)it wassince过

20、去完成时 (3)no sooner.than.或hardly.when.的主句谓语要用过去完成时 (4)含“by过去时间点”或“by the time一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时。 【例31】 this was the first time we _ at home. a.met b.had met c.was metd.would meet 【例32】 we _ hardly arrived when it _ to rain. a.had；began b.have；began c.不填；begand.不填；had began 【例33】 by the end of last year，

21、another new gymnasium _ in beijing. a.would be completed b.was being completed c.hasnt been completed d.had been completed 七、一般将来时 表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.“will/shall动词原形”表示将来的用法 will可用于各种人称，shall一般只用于第一人称。 【例34】 great changes _ take place in the future. a.would b.will c.didd.shall 注：will用于条件状语从句

22、时，表示“愿意”。 【例35】 if you _ go to the countryside，you _ go. a.shall；shall b.will；may c.will；shalld.shall；may 答案：b 2.“be going to动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示打算和预测。 【例36】 the film _ this sunday. a.is going to be shown b.is showing c.is to show d.will have been shown 3.“be to动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作，有时也表示命令、禁止或可能

23、性。 【例37】 the teacher said，“all the exercises _ be handed in on time.” a.will b.are to c.are about tod.are going to 4.“be about to动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示即将要发生的事，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 【例38】 look！ here comes a taxi.we _ leave. a.shall b.are about to c.are to d.are going to 5.“be due to动词原形”表示将来的用法 表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。 【例

24、39】 the strike _ begin on tuesday. a.is due to b.is about to c.shall d.are going to 6.will/shall与be going to的区别 (1)be going to可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而shall/will一般不可。 【例40】 if you _ to my house，youd better phone me first. a.will comingb.shall come c.are going to come d.is to come (2)迹象表明要发生某事，只用be going to。 【

25、例41】 look at those black clouds.it _ rain. a.will b.is going to c.shall d.is about to (3)用be going to；而是在说话时的临时决定，则用will/shall。 【例42】 mary is in hospital. oh，really？ i didnt know.i _ visit her. a.am going to b.will c.am to d.am about to 【例43】 mary is in hospital. yes，i know.i _ visit her tomorrow. a

26、.am going to b.will c.am to d.am about to 八、将来进行时 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。 【例44】 guess what，weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the uk this summer. how nice！you_a different culture then. a.will be experiencing b.have experienced c.have been experiencing d.will have experienced 【例45】 if you pl

27、ant watermelon seeds in the spring，you_fresh watermelon in the fall. a.eat b.would eat c.have eaten d.will be eating 九、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的基本用法 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 【例46】the discovery of gold in australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_. a.is made b.would make c.was to be

28、made d.had made 2.用过去进行时表示过去将来时 某些动词(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，take off等)的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 【例47】 my father will be here tomorrow. oh，i thought that he _ today. a.was comingb.is coming c.will comed.comes 十、将来完成时 指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。常用于将来完成时的时间状语有：by the time，by the end of，by等。 【例48】 by the time jane

29、 gets home，her aunt _ for london to attend a meeting. a.will leave b.leaves c.will have left d.left 十一、时态呼应 时态呼应是指从句谓语动词的时态受主句谓语动词时态的制约。时态呼应的两个特点： (1) (2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时,从句谓语动词要与其保持一致,即用相应的过去时态。 【例49】 i know that jane _ for london last week and _ be back until next sunday. a.had left；wont b.left；wont

30、c.was leaving；will d.left；will 【例50】 the old man told me that he _ in the city for 50 years. a.has livedb.was living c.had livedd.will live 注：当从句表示的是一个永恒的真理或表明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，可以不受主句谓语动词时态的约束。 篇二：动词时态和语态讲解及练习 时态和语态讲解及练习 专题透析 2021年动词的时态和语态仍是高考考查的重点。将以“情景立意”为主。考点主要集中在三个方面：1.注重在具体语境中的考查；2.根据时间状语及上下文来确定时态和

31、语态； 3.一些固定句式中的时态和语态。 用所给动词的适当时态、语态填空 1(2021广东卷).but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.we _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after. 2(2021广东卷)one day，nick invited his friends to supper.he was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.sudden

32、ly，he _ (find)that he had run out of salt. 3(2021安徽卷)the twins，who _(finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground 4(2021北京卷)hi，lets go skating. sorry，im busy right now.i _ (fill) in an application form for a new job. 5(2021北京卷)what time is it? i have no idea.but just a min

33、ute，i _(check) it for you. 6(2021北京卷)i found the lecture hard to follow because it _ (start) when i arrived. 7(2021大纲卷)unless extra money_(find)，the theatre will close. 8(2021大纲卷)the reports went missing in 2021 and nobody _(see) them since. 9(2021福建卷)havent seen you for ages! where have you been? i

34、 went to ningxia and_(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer. 10(2021湖南卷)since the time humankind started gardening，we _(try) to make our environment more beautiful. 11(2021湖南卷)whenever you_(buy) a present，you should think about it from the receivers point of view. 12(2021江苏卷)how much do y

35、ou know about the youth olympic games to be held in nanjing? well，the media _ (cover) it in a variety of forms. 13(2021江西卷)tony，why are your eyes red? i _(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 14(2021山东卷)writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we_(expect) 15(2021山东卷)

36、they made up their mind that they_(buy ) a new house once larry changed jobs. 16(2021陕西卷)during his stay in xian，jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _(recommend) 17(2021四川卷)she _(phone) someone，so i nodded to her and went away. 18(2021天津卷)we wont start the work until all the preparati

37、ons _(make) 19(2021浙江卷)sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _(see) most of the guests before. 20(2021重庆卷)youd better write down her phone number before you _(forget) it. 21(2021重庆卷)james has just arrived，but i didnt know he _(come) until yesterday. 22(2021安徽卷) im cal

38、ling about the apartment you _ (advertise) the other day.could you tell me more about it? 23(2021北京卷) hurry up! mark and carol _ (expect) us. 24(2021湖南卷) “what do you want to be？” asked mrs.crawford.“oh，i _ (be) president，” said the boy，with a smile. 25(2021湖南卷) around two oclock every night，sue wil

39、l start talking in her dream.it somewhat _ (bother) us. 26(2021湖南卷) if nothing _(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 27(2021湖南卷) have you heard about the recent election? sure，it _(be) the only thing on the news for the last three days. 28(2021江苏卷) could i use your car tomorrow morning? sure

40、.i _(write) a report at home. 29(2021江西卷) i _(come) to visit you later that day，but i had to phone and cancel. 30(2021辽宁卷) we are confident that the environment _(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 答案 1.were told 2.found 3.had finished 4.am filling 5will check 6.had started 7.is fo

41、und 8.has seen 9stayed 10.have been trying 11.buy 12.have covered 13have been cutting 14.had expected 15.would buy 16had recommended 17.was phoning 18.have been made 19.had seen 20.forget 21.was coming 22.advertised 23.are expecting 24.will be 25.bothers 26.is done 27.has been 28.will be writing 29.

42、was coming 30.will be improved 考点? 一般时 1一般现在时 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often，usually，every day等时间状语。 planning so far ahead makes no senseso many things will have changed by next year. 这么早做计划没有什么意义到明年很多事情就会变了。 （2） )表示客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象以及不受时间限制的客观存在。 “life is like walking in the snow，” granny used to

43、say，“because every step shows.” 奶奶过去常说：“生活就如在雪地里走路，因为每一步都显而易见。” (3)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。 飞机每星期三、五2：30起飞。 2一般过去时 表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内存在的状态或发生的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 the president hopes that the people will be

44、better off when he quits than when he started. 这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他上任时更富有。 3一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来会出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：this evening，tomorrow，next week，in a few minutes等。常用结构有： (1)“will/shall动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势；表示临时性的打算或决定。 fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。 名师指津 条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时wi

45、ll不是助动词，而是情态动词表意愿。 if you wont listen to us，just do as you please. 如果你不愿意听我们的，就请便吧。 (2)“be going to动词原形”表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事；表示根据某种迹象认为最近或将来要发生的事。 i am going to write to hey this evening. 我今天晚上打算给亨利写封信。 (3)“be to动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定；表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等；表示注定要发生的事情。 i am to meet mr.brown at eleven oclock t

46、his morning. 我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。 (4)“be about to动词原形”表示“正要做某事，即将要做某事”，此结构不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，而经常与when引导的从句连用。 the meeting is about to begin. 会议就要开始了。 考点? 完成时 1现在完成时 (1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与up to now，so far，already，yet，now，recently，in the past few years，just等表示时间的词以及since引导的状语从句连用。 his first n

47、ovel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。 （2） 2)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。 瞧，已经有人打扫了沙发。 well，it wasnt me.i didnt do it. 嗯，不是我，我没做过那件事。 (3)用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。 i will not believe you unless i have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的

48、。 （4） 4)常用于以下固定句式中： 在“it (this) is (will be) the first/second/third.timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。 在“it (this) is the adj.最高级名词that从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 it is the most interesting movie that i have watch since i came here. 这是我到这儿看过的最有趣的电影。 2 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。常与by，

49、by the end of，by the time，before，since，until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 by the time jack returned home from england，杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 (2)过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for，since等构成的时间状语连用。 by the end of last month he had worked in shanghai for twenty years. 到上个月月底他已经在上海工作了整整二十年。 （3） 3)常用于以下固定句式中： har

50、dly/scarcely.when.；no sooner.than.中，主句常用过去完成时。 hardly (no sooner)the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 it was/had been一段时间since从句。since从句中谓语用过去完成时。 it was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们10年没这么高兴了。 考点? 进行时 1现在进行时 (1)现在进行时主要用来表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 ill go to the library as soon as i finish

51、 what i am doing. 我一做完手头上的活就去图书馆。 (2)有些动词的现在进行时可以表示预计即将发生的动作：go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，do，die，lose。 篇三：2021年高考英语动词时态语态重难点 2021年高考英语动词时态语态重难点 难点自测 1.at the last moment, tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely. a. put up b. put in c. put ond. put off 高考常考的几组动词短语 1.bring about break away come about call at bring backbreak in come across call on bring down break into come alongcall back bring forwardbreak out come on call up bring in break through come outcall for br