高中英语五种基本句型

1、句句 子子 成成 分分members of a sentence* *句子成分由词或词组充当句子成分由词或词组充当英语的基本成分有七种：英语的基本成分有七种：_和和_主语（主语（subjectsubject）、）、谓语（谓语（verbverb）、）、表语（表语（predicativepredicative）、）、宾语（宾语（objectobject）、）、定语（定语（attributeattribute）、）、状语状语(adverbial)(adverbial)补语（补语（complementcomplement）。）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基

2、本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一：一： （主谓）（主谓）二：二： （主系表）（主系表）三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型 一：一： （主谓）（主谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词

3、（的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：如：we come. （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1. the sunrose. 2. who cares? 3. what he said does not matter. 4. they talked for half an hour. 5. the pen writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点，即句子的谓语，即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语

4、从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型基本句型 二：二： （主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词谓语动词都都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类意思。这类动词动词叫做连系动词。叫做连系动词。you are students.we are in the classroom.we are good friends, arent we? 其其 它它系动词系动词状态：状态：seem

5、, appear, prove - 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue - （是系动词）（是系动词） （表语）（表语） 1. this is an english-chinese dictionary. 2. the dinner smells good. 3. he fell in love. 4. everything looks different. 5. he is growing tall

6、and strong. 6. our well has gone dry. 7. his face turned red. *there be 结构结构： there be 表示表示存在有存在有。这。这里的里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里那里混淆。混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物（存在）有某事物 试比较：试比较：there is a boy there.（那儿有一个男（那儿有一个男孩。）孩。）前一个前一个there无实意，后一个无实意，后一个there为副词为副词那里那里。基本句型基本句型 三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾

7、）此句型句子的此句型句子的共同共同是：谓语动词是：谓语动词，但不能表达完整的意思，但不能表达完整的意思，即动作的承受者，才能使意，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 （及物动词）（及物动词） （宾语）（宾语）1. who knows the answer? 2. he has refused to help them. 3. he enjoys reading. 4. he said good morning. 5. he admits that he was mistaken. 基本句型基本句型 四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）这两

8、个宾语通常一个指人这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语间接宾语)；一个指物；一个指物(直直接宾语接宾语)。 （及物）（及物） （间（间（贱贱）人）人） （直物）（直物）1.she ordered herself a new dress. 2. he brought you a dictionary. 3. i showed him my pictures. 4. i told him that the bus was late. 5. he showed me how to run the machine. who can find me the eraser?pass me the eraser

9、. who can find the eraser for me? pass the eraser to me.who can find me the eraser?pass me the eraser.1.动词+sb, sth.=动词+sth. for sb.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词（常用的）book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook s

10、th. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订

11、购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物2.动词+sb.sth.=动词+sth. to sb.双宾语易位时需借助介词to的

12、常用动词(常用的) award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth

13、. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth.

14、 to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人wr

15、ite sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信基本句型基本句型 五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的此句型的句子的是：动词虽然是及物动词，是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语：位于：位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。定式，动名词，分词，

16、介词短语等。the war made him a soldier.new methods make the job easy.i often find him at work.the teacher ask the students to close the windows.i saw a cat running across the road.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语介词短语/动词不定式动词不定式/分词分词 （及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语） （宾补）（宾补） 1. they painted the door green. 2. this set them

17、thinking. 3. they found the house deserted. 4. he asked me to come back soon. 5. i saw them getting on the bus. 双宾语及一人一物，都与主语发生联系双宾语及一人一物，都与主语发生联系 如give sb sth, buy sb sth,pass sb sth 等， i gave him a pen. 宾补是回答宾语怎么样了的句子成分，宾补动作宾补是回答宾语怎么样了的句子成分，宾补动作是由宾语发出的，与主语无关。感官动词和使役是由宾语发出的，与主语无关。感官动词和使役动词后常接宾补动词后常

18、接宾补. 如: mother asked me to buy some sugar. we made him monitor. i heard her singing. a， b， c， d， e， 1，pleas tell us a story._2, she smiled._3. i have a lot of work to do._4. his job is to train swimmers._5. he noticed a man enter the room._6. please look at the picture._daebec但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，但常

19、用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些的前面或后面增加一些而加以扩大。这些而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是修饰语可以是（adj./adv./num.数词）数词）（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：我们称之为：the little boy needs a blue pen. 定语定语:two boys need two pens.his name is tom.the boy in blue is tom.the boy there ne

20、eds a pen.the boy needs a ball pen. there is nothing to do today.the pen bought by her is made in china.the boy you will know is tom. in the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。 before his mother, tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子汤姆总是一个男孩子on sundays, there is no stude

21、nt in the classroom. 星期天星期天,教室里没有学生教室里没有学生状语：状语：一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 my brother hasnt done his homework. people all over the world speak english. how many new words did you learn last class? some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语- the old man was feeling very tired.- the leaves have turned yellow.- soon they all became interested in the subject.(三三) 挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1. what is your give