七、动词和动词短语

1、七、动词和动词短语七、动词和动词短语 语法精讲语法精讲 考点一常考的几类动词及动词短语考点一常考的几类动词及动词短语 1.1.连系动词连系动词 特点特点: :后面常接形容词或名词后面常接形容词或名词, ,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系 动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下五类动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下五类: : (1)(1)变化类。表示事物发展变化的过程变化类。表示事物发展变化的过程, ,如如 become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,comebecome,go,turn,grow,get,fall,come等。等。 (2)(2)感官类。表示

2、人体部位的感受感官类。表示人体部位的感受, ,如如feel,smell,taste,look,soundfeel,smell,taste,look,sound等。等。 (3)(3)状态类。表示事物所处的状态状态类。表示事物所处的状态, ,如如be,keep,remain,stand,liebe,keep,remain,stand,lie, , stay stay等。等。 (4)(4)外表特征类。表示外表给人的印象外表特征类。表示外表给人的印象, ,如如appear,seem,lookappear,seem,look等。等。 (5)(5)终止类。表示主语已终止动作终止类。表示主语已终止动作, ,

3、如如prove,turnprove,turn out out等。等。 2.2.感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词 (1)(1)常考的感官动词有常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feelsee,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel等。感等。感 官动词后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语官动词后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语, ,表达的含义不同。表达的含义不同。 (2)(2)常考的使役动词有常考的使役动词有make,have,letmake,have,let等。使役动词后接非谓语动词的等。使役动词后接非谓语动词的 不同形式作补足语不同

4、形式作补足语, ,表达的含义不同。表达的含义不同。 3.3.接动词接动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词短语形式作宾语的动词或动词短语 常见的有常见的有avoid,stand,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveavoid,stand,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,give up,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,put up,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid

5、 off,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid 等。如等。如: : He was lucky to escape being punished. He was lucky to escape being punished. 他幸运地逃避了惩罚。他幸运地逃避了惩罚。 4.4.接动词不定式作宾语的动词接动词不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有常见的有afford,agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,determineafford,agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand

6、,determine, , expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want 等。等。 5.5.用现在时表将来的动词及动词短语用现在时表将来的动词及动词短语 常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来的动词常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来的动词( (短语短语) )有有 come,go,leave,start,arrive,move,begin,fall,stay,takecome,go,leave,start,arriv

7、e,move,begin,fall,stay,take off off等。如等。如: : Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午两点一刻起飞。你的飞机是下午两点一刻起飞。 考点二以动词为词源构成的动词短语考点二以动词为词源构成的动词短语 常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有break,die,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set,turn,takebreak,d

8、ie,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set,turn,take, , pay,pick,makepay,pick,make 等。等。 1.“break+1.“break+介词介词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 break downbreak down失败失败, ,破坏破坏, ,发生故障发生故障,(,(身体身体) )垮掉垮掉, ,分解分解; break out ; break out 爆爆 发发;break through ;break through 突破突破, ,克服克服;break off ;break off 中断中断, ,突然停止突然停止;break up;brea

9、k up打碎打碎, , 结束结束,(,(指人群指人群) )散开散开, ,解散解散;break in;break in闯入闯入( (不及物不及物);break into);break into破门而入破门而入( (及及 物物);break away);break away突然离开突然离开, ,逃脱逃脱, ,脱离脱离 2.“bring+2.“bring+介词介词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 bring aboutbring about使发生使发生;bring back;bring back拿回来拿回来, ,使恢复使恢复;bring down;bring down击倒击倒, ,降降 低低;brin

10、g in;bring in引进引进;bring out;bring out出版出版, ,生产生产, ,使显现使显现;bring up;bring up培养培养, ,养育养育;bring ;bring over over把把带来带来 3.“come+3.“come+介词介词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 come in come in 进来进来;come from ;come from 来自来自;come about ;come about 产生产生;come over;come over过来过来;come ;come out out出来出来, ,出现出现, ,出版出版;come up;come

11、 up上来上来, ,走近走近;come across;come across偶遇偶遇;come along;come along到到 达达, ,进步进步;come after ;come after 跟着来跟着来;come back;come back回来回来;come around ;come around 苏醒苏醒, ,再次出再次出 现现;come down;come down下来下来;come on;come on快点快点, ,赶快赶快 4.“cut +4.“cut +介词介词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 cut in cut in 插嘴插嘴, ,插入插入;cut across ;cu

12、t across 抄近路抄近路;cut off ;cut off 切断切断;cut up ;cut up 切碎切碎;cut ;cut away away 砍掉砍掉;cut down ;cut down 砍倒砍倒, ,削减削减;cut out;cut out删除删除, ,删去删去;cut through;cut through抄近路抄近路 穿过穿过; ;克服克服 5.“get+5.“get+介词介词/ /副词副词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 get aboutget about传播传播;get through;get through到达到达, ,做完做完, ,通过通过, ,度过度过, ,打通打

13、通( (电话电话);get in);get in到到 达达, ,收集收集;get on;get on上上( (车车),),进展进展, ,融洽相处融洽相处;get off ;get off 下下( (车车),),下来下来;get out ;get out 出去出去, ,离开离开;get over ;get over 克服克服;get across;get across被传达被传达, ,被理解被理解;get along;get along相处相处, ,进进 展展;get away;get away离开离开, ,脱身脱身 6.“give+6.“give+介词介词/ /副词副词”构成的动词短语构成的动

14、词短语 give upgive up放弃放弃;give in;give in屈服屈服, ,投降投降;give away;give away赠送赠送, ,捐赠捐赠, ,泄露泄露;give over ;give over 移交移交, ,交给交给;give off;give off放出放出, ,发出发出;give out;give out分发分发, ,散发散发, ,用完用完;give back;give back归还归还 7.“go+7.“go+介词介词/ /副词副词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 go alonggo along进展进展, ,继续继续;go around;go around流传流传

15、, ,传播传播;go away;go away离去离去, ,走开走开;go beyond;go beyond超超 过过;go by(;go by(时间时间) )过去过去, ,流逝流逝;go down;go down下降下降;go up;go up上升上升;go for;go for喜欢喜欢;go off;go off离离 开开, ,停止停止;go on;go on继续继续, ,发生发生;go over;go over复习复习, ,温习温习;go through;go through经历经历, ,穿过穿过 8.“look+8.“look+介词介词/ /副词副词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 lo

16、ok afterlook after照顾照顾, ,照料照料;look away;look away把目光移开把目光移开;look around;look around环顾环顾;look at ;look at 看看;look for ;look for 寻找寻找;look into;look into调查调查;look out;look out向外看向外看, ,当心当心;look over;look over查看查看; ; 检查检查;look through;look through浏览浏览, ,快速查看快速查看;look up;look up向上看向上看, ,査阅査阅 9.“turn+9.“

17、turn+介词介词/ /副词副词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 turn around/round(turn around/round(使使) )向后转向后转, ,回头回头, ,转身转身;turn against ;turn against 反对反对( (某某 人人);turn away);turn away把某人拒之门外把某人拒之门外; ;不准某人进入不准某人进入;turn down;turn down调低调低, ,拒拒 绝绝;turn in;turn in上交上交;turn into(;turn into(使使) )变成变成;turn off;turn off关掉关掉;turn on;tu

18、rn on打打 开开;turn over;turn over翻转翻转;turn to;turn to求助于求助于, ,转向转向;turn up;turn up调高调高, ,到来到来, ,出现出现 10.“put+10.“put+介词介词/ /副词副词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 put asideput aside把把放在一边放在一边, ,忽视忽视, ,储存储存;put away;put away把把收拾好收拾好, ,积积 蓄蓄;put back;put back把把放回原处放回原处;put down;put down放下放下, ,记下记下, ,镇压镇压;put forward ;put f

19、orward 提出提出( (建议建议);put in);put in放进放进;put off;put off推迟推迟, ,拖延拖延;put on;put on穿上穿上, ,戴上戴上, ,增加增加, , 上演上演;put out;put out生产生产, ,出版出版, ,扑灭扑灭;put up;put up举起举起, ,张贴张贴, ,搭建搭建, ,安排膳宿安排膳宿 11.“be/get/become+11.“be/get/become+过去分词过去分词/ /形容词形容词+ +介词介词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 be dressed in be dressed in 穿着穿着;be fond

20、of ;be fond of 爱好爱好, ,喜爱喜爱;be lost in ;be lost in 沉溺于沉溺于;be ;be located in located in 位于位于;be addicted to ;be addicted to 沉溺于沉溺于;be/get used to;be/get used to习惯于习惯于;be ;be curious about curious about 对对好奇好奇;be engaged in ;be engaged in 忙于忙于;be convinced of ;be convinced of 确信确信, ,认识到认识到;be/become aw

21、are of ;be/become aware of 知道知道;be worried about ;be worried about 担心担心;be ;be proud of proud of为为而自豪而自豪 12.“12.“动词动词+ +副词副词+ +介词介词”构成的动词短语构成的动词短语 add up to add up to 合计达合计达;break away from ;break away from 从从脱离脱离;come up with;come up with想出想出, ,提提 出出;catch up with;catch up with赶上赶上;get down to;get

22、down to开始认真地做开始认真地做;go in for ;go in for 参加参加, ,爱爱 好好;keep away from ;keep away from 远离远离;keep up with ;keep up with 跟上跟上;date back to ;date back to 追溯到追溯到;put ;put up with up with 忍受忍受, ,容忍容忍;run out of ;run out of 用完用完;watch out for ;watch out for 当心当心;look down ;look down upon/on upon/on 瞧不起瞧不起;l

23、ook forward to ;look forward to 期望期望;go along with;go along with一起去一起去;hold on ;hold on to to坚持坚持 1.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but1.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he he refused refused (stop) until we reached the next stop(stop) until we reached th

24、e next stop.(2014 .(2014 新课标全国新课标全国) 2.Keep 2.Keep (hold) your position for a while.It(hold) your position for a while.It helps helps develop your strength and flexibility. develop your strength and flexibility.(2014(2014辽宁辽宁) ) 答案及剖析答案及剖析: : 1.to stop1.to stop根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,此处作动词此处作动词refuserefuse的宾

25、语的宾语, ,构成构成refuse to refuse to do do结构结构, ,因此填动词不定式形式。因此填动词不定式形式。 2.holding2.holding根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,此处作动词此处作动词keepkeep的宾语。的宾语。keep doing sthkeep doing sth. . 意思是意思是“一直做某事一直做某事”, ,因此填动词因此填动词-ing-ing形式。形式。 真题链接真题链接 填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Have you finished 1.Have you finished (read) the nove

26、l?(read) the novel? 2.The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed2.The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed(catch).(catch). 3.Despite a strong wind,children3.Despite a strong wind,children are still looking forward to not are still looking forward to not (cancel) the outdoor activity at the w

27、eekend.(cancel) the outdoor activity at the weekend. 4.Nancy suffered 4.Nancy suffered a serious disease and she could no a serious disease and she could no longer walk.She longer walk.She spent her waking hours in a wheelchair. spent her waking hours in a wheelchair. 语法专练语法专练 答案及剖析答案及剖析: : 1.readin

28、g1.reading根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,此处作此处作finishedfinished的宾语的宾语, ,因此填提示词的因此填提示词的- - ing ing形式。形式。 2.being caught2.being caught动词动词missmiss意为意为“错过错过”时时, ,后面应该接后面应该接v.-ingv.-ing形式作形式作 宾语宾语, ,此处表示此处表示“被捕捉到被捕捉到”, ,因此用被动式因此用被动式, ,所以填所以填being caughtbeing caught。 3.cancelling/ canceling3.cancelling/ canceling短语短语look forward tolook forward to中的中的toto为介词为介词, ,因此因此 此处填提示词的此处填提示词的-ing-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。 4.from4.from此处构成固定短语此处构成固定短语suffer from,suffer from,意思是意思是“患患疾病疾病”。 5.European officials hope to avoid the economic disasters that 5.European offic