及物动词与不及物动词

1、Living with technology Grammar and Usage Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs (及物动词和不及物动词及物动词和不及物动词) 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动 词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。 一、一、及物动词及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有及物动词后必须跟有 动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾 语语,常有以下几种形式：常有以下几种形式： 1. “主谓宾主谓宾”结构。结构。如：如： He reach

2、ed Paris yesterday. The boy likes playing basketball. They believe that they are right. Eg: Please give me a book.（give sb sth) ( =Please give a book to me.(give sth to sb) she bought me a nice gift.(buy sb sth) (= she bought a nice gift for me.(buy sth for sb) 2. 主谓双宾主谓双宾(IO +DO) 即即vt+sb+sth结构结构 可把

3、可把vt+ sb sth换成换成vt+ sth to sb的动词有：的动词有： give/ send / award/ bring/ hand/ lend/ mail/ owe/ pass/ / return / sell/ show/ take/ offer/teach/ tell/ throw /recommend 换成换成for的：的： book/ buy/ choose/ cook/ make/ draw/ prepare/ sing/ spare 3. 主谓宾宾主谓宾宾 补补 (vt+O+OC) They asked me to go fishing with them. She o

4、ften makes me happy. We call him Jimmy. He found himself lying in bed. 可充当宾补的有：可充当宾补的有：adj.、 n.、 adv.、 do、 to do、doing、done、介词短语，从句、介词短语，从句 常带宾补的常带宾补的vt.有有 call ; ask, tell, want等等 (+sb to do sth)；使役动词；使役动词make, let, have, get; 感官动词感官动词see, hear, notice, find等；等；“认认 为为,觉得觉得”类动词类动词consider，believe等；等

5、； “使使.保持某状态保持某状态”的动词的动词keep, leave等。等。 注意这些动词接宾补的形式：注意这些动词接宾补的形式： 1)make sb/sth +adj. /n. sb. do sth oneself done 2) make/have/let + sb. +do get sb. to do 3) have/get sth done have/get sb. doing 4)感官动词：感官动词： see/hear/watch sb do sb doing sb/sth done 5)一些及物动词：一些及物动词： ask/ want/advise/invite/allow/enc

6、ourage/ cause/ force/ persuade/ tell/ wish/promise +sb. + to do eg：He asked me to get up early. 6) find sb./ oneself + doing sth./ 介词短语介词短语/ done 7) leave sb. doing sth. undone sb. to do sth. to be done 8)keep sb/sth + adj /doing./done 9)believe/think/consider/find + sb/sth +( to be ) +adj./n. 4.及物动

7、词及物动词或词组常可用于或词组常可用于被动语态中被动语态中 They built a new bus station. A new bus station was built (by them.) 但但有些有些及物动词及物动词或词组或词组虽然能带宾语，但不虽然能带宾语，但不 能用于被动语态中：能用于被动语态中：cost, fit , have, own, hold(容纳），容纳），agree with, belong to, add up to, consist of, suffer from Eg: The big house belongs to me. The team consists

8、 of 12 men. _from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered .不及物动词（不及物动词（vi. ） 不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语。若要不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语。若要跟宾语跟宾语， 必须先在其后必须先在其后加上相应的介词加上相应的介词。 Look carefully! Look at me carefully! li

9、sten to me. Wait for me. He works in a factory. 1.常见的不及物动词及词组：常见的不及物动词及词组： agree, disagree, go, work, listen, look, come, agree, disagree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, wait, succeed, l

10、ive, lie last , end, hurry, fail, wait, succeed, live, lie last , end, spreadspread , appear, disappear, happen, occur, , appear, disappear, happen, occur, take place, break out, break down, come up, come true, come about , come out(出版出版), give/run out , go out(熄灭熄灭), go down(下降下降), go up, come back

11、 ( 返回返回)， come over (访问访问) drop by (顺便拜访顺便拜访) ， get up ( 起床起床)，grow up ，show off ( 炫耀炫耀)， show up( 出现出现), turn up, wake up (醒来醒来), 等。等。 2. 有些动词既可以用作及物又可以用作不有些动词既可以用作及物又可以用作不 及物动词，其意义不变。及物动词，其意义不变。 有：有： begin 、start；answer, sing, close, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve, leave, stop, f

12、ly, cook, contribute. attend vi. 专心，注意，照顾专心，注意，照顾(+to) vt. 参加参加 adjust vi. 适应适应 (to) vt. 调整调整 run vi. 跑跑 vt. 经营经营 get vi. 到达到达 (to) vt.得到得到 sell vi. 某物卖得好不好某物卖得好不好 vt 卖，销售卖，销售 wash vi.某物好不好洗某物好不好洗 vt . 洗洗 需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一 可跟的宾语是同源宾语。可跟的宾语是同源宾语。 如：如：dream a dream sigh a deep sigh

13、dance a charming dance live a happy life 误：误：deal a problem 正：正：deal with a problem 处理问题处理问题 误：误：depend/rely sb. 正：正：depend/rely on sb. 依靠（依赖）某依靠（依赖）某 人人 误：误：insist doing sth. 正：正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事坚持要做某事 4.易误用作及物动词的易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：个不及物动词： 误：误：knock the door 正：正：knock on at the door 敲门敲门 误

14、：误：operate sb. 正：正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术为某人做手术 误：误：participate sth. 正：正：participate in sth. 参加某事参加某事 误：误：refer sth. 正：正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考查阅（参考)某物某物 误：误：reply a letter 正：正：reply to a letter 回信回信 误：误：agree sb 正：正： agree with sb同意某人的话、观点同意某人的话、观点 注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动 词也可能及物，如词也可能及物，如insis

15、t, reply等动词等动词 后可接宾语从句，后可接宾语从句，operate表示表示“操操 作作”、“管理管理”等时则及物。等时则及物。 5.容易误用作不及物动词的容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词：个及物动词： serve for sb. marry with sb. discuss about sth. mention about sth. enter into a room contact with sb. advertise for sth ring to sb. 为某人服务为某人服务 与某人结婚与某人结婚 讨论某事讨论某事 提到某事提到某事 进入房间进入房间 与某人联系与某人联系 为

16、某物做广告为某物做广告”、“登广告登广告 宣传某物宣传某物”； 给某人打电话给某人打电话 .系动词：系动词：be ,keep, stay, remain, stand, turn, get, grow, fall, go, become, run, appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove, turn out等往往没等往往没 有被动语态，其后常常接形容词或名词作表语有被动语态，其后常常接形容词或名词作表语, 构成构成 主系表结构主系表结构. Eg: Your idea sounds reasonable. The food wil

17、l go bad if you dont put it into the refrigerator. 1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it. A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to advertise sth “为为做广告做广告”、“登登 广告宣传广告宣传”； advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 实例分析实例分析 2. No matter how much youve learned a

18、nd how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul. A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on 3.I _ you yesterday, but you werent in. A. rang B. rang to C. rang with D. rang to 4. Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin. A. marry B. marry to C. marry

19、 with D. marry for 5. How can I _ you, Mr. Green? A. contact B. contact with C. contact to D. contact for 真题点击真题点击 1.The pupil _ his right hand, obviously hoping to _ to answer the teachers question. A. rose, rise B. raised ,rise C. rose ,raise D. raised, raise 2. His words on my improper behavior are st