数控技术外文文献翻译

1、文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.数控技术外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文The development trend of numerical control technology AbstractThe current trends in the development of numerical control technology and equipment in the world and the status quo of the development and industrialization of CNC equipment techn

2、ology in China are briefly introduced. On this basis, we discuss the development of CNC technology and equipment in China under the new environment of Chinas accession to the WTO and further opening to the outside world. The importance of improving the level of Chinas manufacturing informatization a

3、nd international competitiveness, and put forward some views on the development of Chinas CNC technology and equipment from both strategic and strategic aspects.The technological level and degree of modernization of the equipment industry determine the level of the entire national economy and the de

4、gree of modernization. Numerical control technology and equipment are the development of emerging high-tech industries and cutting-edge industries (such as information technology and its industries, biotechnology and its industries, aviation, aerospace, etc.) (Defense Industry Industry) enabling tec

5、hnology and basic equipment. Marx once said that “ the difference between various economic times tiswnhoat is produced but how it is produced and what labor data it is used to produce ” M.anufacturing technology and equipment are the most basic production materials for human production activities, a

6、nd numerical control technology is the core technology of todays advanced manufacturing technologies and equipment. In the manufacturing industry of the world today, CNC technology is widely used to improve manufacturing capabilities and levels, and to improve the adaptability and competitiveness of

7、 dynamic markets. In addition, various industrialized countries in the world have also listed numerical control technology and numerical control equipment as strategic materials of the country. They not only take significant measures to develop their own numerical control technologies and their indu

8、stries, but also have the key technology and equipment of “ hig-hprecision n” umerical control. Our country adopts a policy of blockade and restriction. In short, the vigorous development of advanced manufacturing technologies centered on numerical control technology has become an important way for

9、all developed countries in the world to accelerate economic development and improve their overall national strength and national status.Numerical control technology is a technology that uses digital information to control mechanical movement and work process. Numerical control equipment is a mechatr

10、onic product formed by the penetration of new technologies represented by numerical control technology into traditional manufacturing industries and emerging manufacturing industries, namely, so-called digital equipment. Its technical scope covers many fields: (1) machinery manufacturing technology;

11、 (2) information processing, processing, and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software Technology and so on.Keywords: CNC technology, machinery manufacturing, information processing, sensors1 Development Trends of Numer

12、ical Control TechnologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought about revolutionary changes in the traditional manufacturing industry, but also made manufacturing a symbol of industrialization. With the continuous development of numerical control technology and the expans

13、ion of application fields, he has made important contributions to the national economy and peoples livelihood (IT, automotive The development of light industry, light industry, medical care, etc. is playing an increasingly important role, because the digitalization of the equipment required by these

14、 industries is a major trend of modern development. From the current trend of numerical control technology and its equipment development in the world, its main research hotspots are the following aspects 14.1.1 New trends in high-speed, high-precision processing technology and equipmentEfficiency an

15、d quality are the mainstays of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-precision machining technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten production cycle and increase market competitiveness.To this end, the Japanese Advanced Technology Research Ins

16、titute will list it as one of the five major modern manufacturing technologies. The International Association of Production Engineers (CIRP) has identified it as one of the central research directions for the 21st century.In the passenger car industry, the production cycle of 300,000 vehicles per ye

17、ar is 40 seconds per vehicle, and multi-species processing is one of the key issues that must be addressed for car equipment. In the aviation and aerospace industries, the parts processed by them are mostly thin-walled. With thin ribs, the rigidity is poor, and the material is aluminum or aluminum a

18、lloy. These ribs and walls can be processed only when the high cutting speed and cutting force are small. Recently, the method of “ hollowingout ” large-size aluminum alloy billets has been used to manufacture large parts such as wings and fuselage to replace multiple parts and assembled by numerous

19、 rivets, screws, and other coupling methods to obtain strength, stiffness, and reliability of components. improve. All of these require high-speed, high-precision andhigh-flexibility for processing equipment.From the standpoint of EMO2001, the feed rate of high-speed machining centers can reach 80m/

20、min, or even higher, and the airspeed can reach around 100m/min. At present, many automobile plants in the world, including Chinas Shanghai General Motors Corporation, have adopted a part of the production line consisting of a high-speed machining center to replace the combined machine tools. The Hy

21、perMach machine tool feed rate of CINCINNATI, USA is up to 60m/min, the speed is 100m/min, the acceleration is 2g, and the spindle speed has reached 60,000r/min. It takes only 30 minutes to machine a thin-walled aircraft part, and the same part takes 3h for general high-speed milling and 8h for norm

22、al milling; the spindle speed and acceleration of the twin-spindle lathe of DMG, Germany, reach 12*!000r/mm respectively. And 1g.In terms of machining accuracy, in the past 10 years, the machining accuracy of ordinary CNC machine tools has increased from 10 mto 5 区 m, precision machining centers hav

23、e increased from 35 mto 11.5 l m, and ultrarecision machining precision has begun to enter the nanometer level. (0.01m).In terms of reliability, the MTBF value of foreign numerical control devices has reached more than 6000 hours, and the MTBF value of the servo system has reached more than 30,000 h

24、ours, showing very highreliability.In order to achieve high-speed, high-precision machining, the supporting functional components such as electric spindles and linear motors have been rapidly developed and the application fields have been further expanded.1.2 Rapid development of 5-axis simultaneous

25、 machining and compound machiningThe use of 5-axis simultaneous machining of 3D surface parts allows cutting with the best geometry of the tool, resulting in not only a high degree of finish, but also a significant increase in efficiency. It is generally considered that the efficiency of a 5-axis ma

26、chine tool can be equal to 2 3-axis linkage machines. Especially when using ultra-hard material milling tools such as cubic boron nitride for high-speed milling of hardened steel parts, 5-axis simultaneous machining can be compared with 3-axis linkage. Processing to play a higher efficiency. In the

27、past, due to the complexity of the 5-axis linkage CNC system and the host machine structure, the price was several times higher than that of the 3-axis linkage CNC machine tool, and the programming technology was more difficult, which restricted the development of 5-axis linkage machine tools.At pre

28、sent, due to the emergence of electric spindles, the structure of the composite spindle head that realizes 5-axis simultaneous machining is greatly simplified, its manufacturing difficulty and cost are greatly reduced, and the price gap of the numerical control system is reduced. As a result, the de

29、velopment of composite spindle head type 5-axis linkage machine tools and compound machine tools (including 5-sided machine tools) has been promoted.At the EMO2001 exhibition, the new 5-axis machine tool of Nippon Machine Tool Co., Ltd. adopts a compound spindle head, which can realize the processin

30、g of four vertical planes and processing at any angle, so that 5-sided machining and 5-axis machining can be realized on the same machine tool. It can realize the processing of inclined surface and inverted cone. Germany DMG company exhibited DMUV oution series machining center, which can be process

31、edin five-face machining and five-axis linkage in a single clamping. It can be directly or indirectly controlled by CNC system control or CAD/CAM.1.3 Intelligentization, openness, and networking have become major trends in the development of modern digital control systemsThe 21st century CNC equipme

32、nt will be a certain intelligent system. The intelligent content is included in all aspects of the CNC system: in order to pursue the processing efficiency and processing quality in the intelligent, such as the process of adaptive control, process parameters automatically Generated; To improve the d

33、riving performance and the use of convenient connection intelligent, such as feed-forward control,30文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.adaptive calculation of motor parameters,automatic identification load automatic selection model, self-tuning, etc.; simplify the programming, simplify the operation of

34、 intelligent, such as smart The automatic programming, intelligent man-machine interface, etc.; as well as the contents of intelligent diagnosis, intelligent monitoring, convenient system diagnosis and maintenance.In order to solve the problems of traditional CNC system closure and industrial applic

35、ation of CNC application software. At present, many countries have conducted research on open numerical control systems such as NGC of the United States, OSACA of the European Community, OSEC of Japan, and ONC of China. The openness of numerical control systems has become the future of CNC systems.

36、The so-called open CNC system is the development of CNC system can be in a unified operating platform, for machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting structure objects (CNC function), to form a series, and can be convenient to the users special The application and techn

37、ology are integrated into the control system to quickly realize open numerical control systems of different varieties and different grades to form brand-name products with distinctive personality. At present, the architecture specification, communication specification, configuration specification, o

38、peration platform, numerical control system function library and numerical control system function software development toolof open CNC system are the core of current research.Networked CNC equipment is a new bright spot in the international well-known machine tool exposition in the past two years.

39、The networking of CNC equipment will greatly satisfy the requirements of information integration for production lines, manufacturing systems, and manufacturing companies. It is also the basic unit for realizing new manufacturing models such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprise, and global manu

40、facturing. Some famous domestic and foreign CNC machine tools and numerical control system manufacturing companies have introduced relevant new concepts and prototypes in the past two years.For example, at the EMO 2001 exhibition, the“ Cyber Production Centerexhibited by Japans Mazak company Mazak P

41、roduction Control Center (CPC); Okuma Machine Tool Company, Japan exhibited “ ITplaza ” (Information Technology Plaza, IT Plaza); Open Manufacturing Environment (Open Manufacturing Environment, OME), exhibited by Siemens, Germany Etc., reflecting the trend of the development of CNC machine tools to

42、the direction of the network.1.4 Emphasizing the Establishment of New Technology Standards and Specifications1.4.1 About Design and Development of CNC SystemsAs mentioned above, the open CNC system has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, and expandability. The United States, theEuropean C

43、ommunity, and Japan have implemented strategic development plans one after another, and have conducted the open architecture system specification (OMAC). , OSACA, OSEC) research and development, the worlds three largest economies in the short term carried out almost the same set of scientific plans

44、and norms, indicating that the arrival of a new revolution in digital technology. In 2000, China began to conduct research and development of the regulatory framework for Chinas ONC numerical control system.1.4.2 About CNC StandardsCNC standards are a trend in the development of manufacturing inform

45、atization. The information exchange in the 50 years since the birth of CNC technology was based on the ISO 6983 standard. That is how the G and M codes describe how to process. The essential feature is the processing-oriented process. Obviously, he has been unable to meet the high speed of modern CN

46、C technology. The need for development. For this purpose, a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) is being researched and developed internationally. Its purpose is to provide a uniform data model that can describe the entire life cycle of a product without relying on a neutral mechanism of a sp

47、ecific system. , in order to achieve the entire manufacturing process, and even the standardization of product information in various industrial fields. The emergence of STEP-NC may be a revolution in CNC technology. It will have a profound impact on the development of CNC technology and even the en

48、tire manufacturing industry. First, STEP-NC proposes a brand-new manufacturing concept. In the traditional manufacturing concept, NC machining programs are concentrated on a single computer. Under the new standard, NC programs can be distributed on the Internet. This is the direction of open and net

49、worked CNC technology. Secondly, STEP-NC CNC system can also greatly reduce the processing drawings (about 75%), processing program preparation time (about 35%) and processing time (about 50%).At present, European and American countries attach great importance to the research of STEP-NC, and Europe

50、has initiated STEP-NCs IMS plan ( Participation in this program comes from 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, vendors and academic institutions in Europe and Japan. STEPTools of the United States is the developer of global manufacturing data exchange software. He has developed a SuperModel for the informati

51、on exchange of CNC machine tools. Its goal is to describe all machining processes with a unified specification. This new data exchange format has now been validated on prototype prototypes equipped with SIEMENS, FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control systems.2 Basic Estimates of Chinas CNC Te

52、chnology and Its Industrial DevelopmentCNC technology in China started in 1958. The development process in the past 50 years can be roughly divided into three stages: the first stage from 1958 to 1979, which is the closed development stage. At this stage, the development of numerical control technol

53、ogy is relatively slow due to the limitations of foreign technology and Chinas basic conditions.The second stage is the introduction of technology during the“ sixfifth ” periods of the country, the-y“earsepvlaennth ” fiveperiod, and the“ eighthfive-year plan period, a”nd it will be digested and abso

54、rbed to initially establish the stage of the national production system. At this stage, due to the reform and opening up and the country attsention, as well as the improvement of the research and development environment and the international environment, China CsNC technology has made great progress

55、 in research, development, and localization of products. The third stage is the implementation of industrialization research in the later period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the Ninth Five-Year Plan period of the country, entering the stage of market competition. At this stage, the industrializa

56、tion of domestically-manufactured CNC equipment has achieved its essenceSexual progress. At the end of the “ NinthFive-Year Plan” period, the domestic market share of domestic CNC machine tools reached 50%, and the number of domestically-manufactured numerical control systems (pervasive models) also

57、 reached 10%.Looking at the development process of CNC technology in China in the past 50 years, especially after four five-year plans, the overall results are as follows:a. It lays the foundation for the development of CNC technology and basically masters modern CNC technology. China has now basica

58、lly mastered the basic technologies from numerical control systems, servo drives, numerical control mainframes, special planes and their accessories. Most of these technologies already have the basis for commercial development. Some technologies have been commercialized and industrialized.b. Initial

59、ly formed a CNC industrial base. Based on the research results and the commercialization of some technologies, we have established numerical control system production plants such as Huazhong Numerical Control and Aerospace Numerical Control which have mass production capabilities. Lanzhou Electric Machinery Factory, Huazhong Numerical Control and a number of servo systems and servo motor manufacturers, as well as a number of CNC machine manufacturers such