高中英语名词性从句详细讲解

1、 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句 subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句 object clause 表语从句表语从句 predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句 appositive clause 请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句 What I want to do is taking a bath. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. I dont think he is an honest boy. The fact is th

2、at he stole the car. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the man who is standing over there? It is said that they won the game. ( (主从主从) ) ( (同位语从句同位语从句) ) ( (宾从宾从) ) ( (表从表从) ) ( (同位语从句同位语从句) ) ( (定从定从) ) ( (主从主从) ) n引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词: nthat（无意义（无意义,不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,一般不一般不 省略

3、（除了充当动词后面的宾语从句省略（除了充当动词后面的宾语从句 的连词可省）的连词可省） nwhether, if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明从表明从 句内容的不确定性）句内容的不确定性） nas if ,as though（均表示（均表示“好好 像像”,“似乎似乎”） n以上在从句中均不充当任何成分以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 n连接代词连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever n连接副词连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever,

4、however 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自 己的疑问含义、又起连接作用己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从在从 句中充当从句的成分句中充当从句的成分 在复合句中作主语的从句在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连引导词有连 词词that,whether; 代词代词:who, what ,which;副词副词:when ,where, how, why等等. 1.That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.) 2.When he wil

5、l go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) 主语从句主语从句 1.It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句 It is necessary / important/ obvious thatIt is necessary / important/ obvious that 2.It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句 It is believed that 人们相信人们相信 It is known to us all that . 众所周知众所周知

6、It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定 3.It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 4.It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句 It appears that 似乎似乎 It happens that . 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 n在下列主语从句中谓语动词要用在下列主语从句中谓语动词要用 虚拟语气虚拟语气

7、 “(should) +do”,常用的常用的 句型有句型有: nIt is necessary (important, natural, strange) that nIt is a pity/ a shame/no wonder that nIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired.) that 主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”: 1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用单数 形式形式. That they will come _certain. 2. What 引导主语从句时

8、引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数主句谓语动词的单复数 由表语的单复数决定由表语的单复数决定. What he wants _these books. What he wants _some water. 注意注意 is are is n1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005 上海上海) n A. What is required B .What requires n C It is required D. It requir

9、es n2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京北京) n A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is n3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海) n A .where B .what C .that D. how n Exercise

10、s 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的 名词性从句名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或或 介词之后。介词之后。 1.She did not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 宾语从句宾语从句 (作动词的宾语作动词的宾语) (作介词的宾语作介词的宾语) (作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语) n1

11、. 由连接词由连接词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 n由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时引导宾语从句时,that在在 句中不担任任何成分句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式在口语或非正式 的文体中常被省去的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句但如从句是并列句 时时,第二个分句前的第二个分句前的that不可省不可省。例如。例如: nWe must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. n注意注意:在在suggest, advise, recommend, propose;

12、require, request, demand; order, commend; insist; desire, urge等表示等表示建议、要求、建议、要求、 命令、坚持命令、坚持等意义的动词后等意义的动词后,宾语从句宾语从句 常用常用“（should）+ 动词原形动词原形”。 nI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。 nThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令司令 员命令部队马上出发。员命令部队马上出发。 记录记录

13、 n2. 用用whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句, 其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒, 仍保持陈述句语序。此外仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether 与与if 在作在作“是否是否”的意思讲时在下的意思讲时在下 列情况下一般只能用列情况下一般只能用whether,不用不用 if: na. 引导引导主语从句主语从句并在并在句首句首时时;b. 引引 导导表语从句表语从句时时;c . 引导从句作引导从句作介词介词 宾语宾语时时;d. 从句后有从句后有“or not”时时;e. 后接动词不定式时。后接动词不定式时。 记录记录 nWhether there is l

14、ife on the moon is an interesting question. nThe question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test. nEverything depends on whether we have enough money. nI wonder whether he will come or not. nCan you tell me whether to go or to stay? 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”与与“否定转移否定转移” 若主语是第一人称若主语是第一人称,主

15、句谓语动词为主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等,其后其后 的宾语从句若含有否定意义的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到一般要把否定词转移到 主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如从句谓语用肯定式。例如: He told me that he _ his job. (已经完成了工作已经完成了工作) 时态呼应时态呼应 否定转移否定转移 我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里. I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come

16、 here. ( ) had finished n4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句当主句 动词是现在时动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情从句根据自身的句子情 况况,而使用不同时态。例如而使用不同时态。例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 199

17、8. 当主句动词是过去时态（当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外）除外）,从句则要用相应的从句则要用相应的 过去时态过去时态,如一般过去时如一般过去时,过去进行过去进行 时时,过去将来时等过去将来时等;当从句表示的是当从句表示的是 客观真理客观真理,科学原理科学原理,自然现象自然现象,则从则从 句仍用现在时态。例如句仍用现在时态。例如: nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语 We think it our duty that we should help oth

18、ers. 注意注意: :如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足 语时语时, ,一般用一般用itit来作形式宾语来作形式宾语, ,把从句放在宾补把从句放在宾补 后面。后面。 我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的. I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days. 记录记录 Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语: 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B.

19、 that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them A B B C 特别提醒特别提醒:like, love, dislike, ha

20、te, appreciate, see to, depend on, rely on 后面一般不直接跟宾语后面一般不直接跟宾语 从句从句,而要加上而要加上it作形式宾语作形式宾语,注意固定搭配注意固定搭配, 如如:make it a rule , take it for granted that 等。等。 记录记录 在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关 联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样 表语从句表语从句 1.问题是我们和他已失去联系问题是我们和他已失去联系. 2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题

21、的. 3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了. The problem is_ This is_. It looks_ _. that we have lost touch with him. how Henry solved the problem. as if it is going to rain. n需要注意的需要注意的,当主语是当主语是reason时时,表语从表语从 句要用句要用that引导而不是引导而不是because。 nThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this mornin

22、g . 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用. .一般放在名词一般放在名词fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之等之 后后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词. .引导词有连词引导词有连词 that(that(不能省不能省) ); ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等少数情况下也可用连接副词等. . 1.The thought that we might succeed excited us. 2.The idea that they should try a second time

23、 is worth considering. 3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用. .一般放在名词一般放在名词fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之等之 后后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词. .引导词有连词引导词有连词 that(that(不能省不能省) ); ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等少

24、数情况下也可用连接副词等. . 1.The thought that we might succeed excited us. 2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. 3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 同位语从句同位语从句 n同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别: nthat作为关系代词作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句可以引导定语从句,充当句充当句 子成分子成分,

25、在从句中作宾语时可以省略在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引引 导同位语从句时导同位语从句时,起连词的作用起连词的作用,没有实际意没有实际意 义义,不充当句子成分不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。一般不能省略。 nI had no idea that you were here（that 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,不能省略）不能省略） nHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that 引导定语从句引导定语从句,作宾语作宾语,可以省略）可以省略） Exercises 1.Doris s

26、uccess lies in the fact _ she is co- operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why 2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005辽宁辽宁) A. that B. what c. as D. which 3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.

27、(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what 4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as (1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what t

28、hey can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they (2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice p

29、utC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put (3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is B C I.语序问题语序问题 考点归纳考点归纳 D 归归 纳纳 在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,除了除了连词在从句之首连词在从句之首外外, 其它部分其它部分应用应用_的语序的语序。

30、陈述陈述 II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空 n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. n4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. n5. _ they can do it matters little to us. n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go witho

31、ut you. whether/if whether whether whether Whether If a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后 面的宾语从句只能用面的宾语从句只能用_,不能用不能用if ; b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时, 用用_. 归纳归纳 whethe rwhether III. that 与与whether / if 的选择的选择: (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. A.WhatB. WhereC. If D. That (2) It makes

32、 no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when (3) I doubt _ he will come soon. (4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon. (5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon? whether / if that that 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_ 归纳归纳 whether /if that 1._ I cant u

33、nderstand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the earth is round is known to us all. 3. _ he won the race was _ we expected. that: what: _只起连接作用只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分在从句中不充当任何成分,没有词义没有词义 _起连接作用起连接作用,且在从句中充当主语且在从句中充当主语,宾语或表语宾语或表语, 表示表示“所所的的”。 That What Thatwhat 归纳归纳 . that, what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别 . wha

34、t what则视句意来定则视句意来定。 Whoever, whatever Who, 1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what 2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what 3. _ kills, sells or eats wild ani

35、mals or birds, is to blame. A.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. Those Exercises . 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气: He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately. He made a

36、suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示表示建议建议, 请求请求, 命令命令, 要求要求,坚持坚持等的名词性从句中等的名词性从句中 谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气. 归纳归纳 2.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理应如此理应如此等等, 谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity(

37、 a shame, no wonder etc,) that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so. 试区分以下句子试区分以下句子 Do you know the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the fact that they were talking about? 注意注意:1. :1. 如果是定语从句如果是定语从句, ,它的从句肯定是不它的从句肯定是不 完整的完整的, ,关系词肯定在句中充当成分的关系词肯定在句中充当成分的; ;而同位而同位 语从句中的语从句中的thatthat只起连接

38、作用。只起连接作用。 2. 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用, ,而而 同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。 ( (同从同从) ) ( (定从定从) ) that引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分不做任何成分,也也 没有具体的意义没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相 应的成分并有具体的意思。应的成分并有具体的意思。 ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknownto usall. Theproblemisthatwedonthaveenoug

39、h money Sheexpressedthehopethattheywouldco metoChinaoneday. 1.)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省但不能省 略。略。 .that不能省略的情况不能省略的情况 2).It 做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句: I dont think it necessary that you should read English loudly. 3).并列宾语从句中并列宾语从句中,从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省 He told me (that) his fathe

40、r had died and that he had to make a living alone. 4).当当that宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时, Tell him that if he comes tomorrow, please call me. 5).当当that 前有插入语时前有插入语时 Tom didnt know,Im sure,that his sister was going to Japan. 6).当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。不可省掉。 The reason lies in that she works h

41、arder than the others do. . 疑问词疑问词+ever和和nomatter+疑问词的区别疑问词的区别: 疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当 一定的成分。 Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished. Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop. 疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如: Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished, Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell. nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 Nomatterwhaty

42、oudo,youmustdoitwell. Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepuni shed. No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever 1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed