unit10thetransaction练习答案综合教程三.doc

1、Unit 10 The TransactionKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the authors point.CII.Judge,accordingto the text,whetherthe followingstatementsare trueorfalse.1.F (RefertoParagraphs1 and 16.They made a paneland theauthorsays thatwasa revealing morning.)2. T

2、(Refer to Paragraphs 2-5.)3. F (Refer to Paragraph 4. He did say that writing is hard, but he did not tryto impose his ideas upon his audience or to discourage his audience by any means.)4. T (Refer to Paragraph 6.)5. T (Refer to Paragraphs 19-1.)III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Parag

3、raphs 2?6. The two speakers, one representing a vocational writer and the other an amateur writer, differ significantly in some aspects of writing, particularly concerning whether writing is hard or easy. Largely, an avocational writer takes writing easily as a means of pleasure, and stops when he i

4、s unhappy or comes across any difficulty in writing. However, a professional writer takeswritingas an act of literaturewhich shallgo on anyhow and couldbe hard and lonelysometimes.2. Refer to Paragraphs 16 and 17. The author was interested and amused by the differences. He believed that the differen

5、ces had given the audience a broader concept of writing.3. Refer to Paragraphs 17?0. The author believes that, as there are all kinds ofwriters and allkinds ofmethods, any method that helpspeopleto say what theywantto say is the right method for them. The thing of utmost importance is the writermust

6、 express himself and get himself felt in any piece of writing.4. Referto Paragraphs20 and 21. The authormeans thatwhat a writeractuallyputson paper is not as important as the enthusiasm or warmth he puts in his writing.In the same way, a reader such as the author himself is more interested in theent

7、husiasmoremotionalbaggage thatthe writermay bringtohiswriting.So, writingis very personal work.5. Referto Paragraph21. The title,The Transaction,orthepersonaltransactionas the author says in Paragraph 21, means personal expression or the presence ofthe writer through his commitment and enthusiasm in

8、 the piece of writing. This is to personalize writing, as the author puts it.IV.Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. Writers are likely to take writing earnestly and anxiously, and are therefore not able to express themselves naturally.2. The writer should be able to convey his emoti

9、ons and personality in his writing, so the reader may understand him without going into the actual situation where hewrites.Structural analysis of the textParagraph 17 is such a transitional paragraph leading the reader from a specific example to the general discussion of the topic.Rhetorical featur

10、es of the textOn the surface,the authorsays thatsuch a panel discussioncould givethe audiencea broader glimpse of the process of writing. On a deeper level, he might wish totell the reader that some knowledge of different and even conflicting ideas helpsone to gain greaterthinkingpower and acquirea

11、broadervision,which are frequentlycounted as two prerequisites if one wishes to become mature because the world is vast and life is diverse and complex.Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. unconventional2. socialize3. dramatic disclosure of someth

12、ing not previously known or realized4. sensitive to the stimulus in life, sharply aware of expressing their natural feelings in an artistic way5. serve the writers purpose most effectively and efficientlyII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form.1.

13、 transaction 2. cluttered3. arduous4. humanity5. committed6. gusto7. bewildered8. solitaryIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. drudgery2. Uncirculated3. asocial4. unmentionable5. irresistibly6. intensive7. exclamations8. literaryIV.Fill in the blank in each senten

14、ce with an appropriate phrasal verb orcollocation taken from the text.1. stick to2. fiddling with3. took up4. hang out5. run away from6. going broke7. bring along8. drawn intoV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: team (group)2. An

15、tonym: restful (easy)3. Antonym: questionably4. Synonym: occupation (trade)5. Synonym: stylish (fashionable)6. Antonym: gregarious7. Antonym: liberty (freedom)8. Synonym: confusion (disorder, jumble)VI.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.1. refresh2. go and attend3. live a fairly

16、satisfactory life4. be responsible for5. talk about6. explain7. interrupting8. cameGrammar exercisesI. Readthefollowing sentencesand identifythedifferenttypes of reportedspeechused in them.1.directspeech (Directspeech gives the exactwords inthe report,and inwritingand print uses quotation marks. A w

17、ide range of verbs can be used to indicate thetypeof utteranceor theway in whichsomethingissaid, such as answer,ask,comment,cry,ejaculate,enquire/inquire,exclaim,groan,growl,moan, murmur,mutter,note,observe, reply, respond, retort, scream, screech, shout, shriek, smile, whine,yell.)2.indirectspeech

18、(Inindirectspeech,verbs are generallybackshiftedintenseto align them with the time of reporting, and other changes, such as in pronounsand adverbials of time and place, are made for the same reason.)3.freedirectspeech (Free directspeech lacksa reportingclause toshow theshiftfrom narration to reporti

19、ng; it is often used in fiction to represent the mental reactions of characters to what they see or experience.)4. free direct speech5. free indirect speech (Free indirect speech resembles indirect speech in shifting tenses and other references, but there is generally no reporting clause and itretai

20、ns some features of direct speech (such as direct questions and vocatives).6. free indirect speech7. free indirect speech8. direct speech, free direct speechII. Identify the free direct speech and free indirect speech in the following sentences.1. free direct speech (. did I know you? Did you know m

21、e? What am I afraid of? I am a widow and losing my look. I am afraid of the future.)2. free indirect speech (Could he be so careless?)3. free indirect speech (Was Evelyn ill again?)4. free direct speech (It is probably only insomnia. Many must have it.)5.freeindirectspeech (Yes,she was tiresomelyunh

22、appy again.Almost sick.Whatthe hell should he say?)6.freedirectspeech (Who thehell will want toread this book anyway? Who intheUnited States worried about long-term policyand what they would have to cope withtenyearsfrom now? Short-term,thatsus - jumping from one crisisto another. .and that we will,

23、 even if the bridge blows under our feet and we have to swim forit.)7. free direct speech (Oh, to be away from this? To be away from those staring eyes, or to be covered up in anything, one of those womens shawls even. Ill just leave the basket and go . I shant even wait for it to be emptied.)8. fre

24、e indirect speech (And just what pleasure had he found, since he came into this world?)III.Reporteach turn ofthe conversationbelow ina separatesentence.Use eachof the following verbs at least once.Sue asked Jim whathe had done the nightbefore.Jim repliedthathe had juststayedat home and watched TV. S

25、ue asked why he hadnt rung her up. Jim explained that hehad had a terribleheadache.Sue suggestedgoing/ thattheyshould go to the cinemathatevening.Jim refused.Sue said thatitwas OK and she understood. Jimtold herthat he would ring her the following day. Sue said never mind and apologised for disturbi

26、ng him.IV.Put the following into indirect commands, using the words in the box.1. She told the children not to point.2. I advised the boys not to read in bad light.3. I asked Mary to lend me her pen for a moment.4. She begged him not to drive too fast.5. The announcer reminded his listeners to liste

27、n to the first programme in the new series at eight oclock.6. He urged me to look everywhere.7. The policeman ordered the crowd to keep moving.8. He warned his son never to lend money to people he didnt know.V. Rewrite the following sentences, using inversion.1. Only after a year did I begin to see

28、the results of my work.2. Under no circumstances can customers money be refunded.3. On a hill in front of them stood a great castle.4. Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.5. Rarely could she have been faced with so difficult a choice.6. A few miles further on lies the enchanti

29、ng suburb of Balham.7. At no time was the president aware of what was happening.8. Here comes Mary.VI.Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping theitalicized parts in your sentences.1. .I went intothe hallonly finditpackedwith freshmen, alleager tohear whatexperience I as a

30、 sophomore could share with them.Gathered outside the operation room were the teammates of the injured player,all eager to know the result of the operation.2. .He correctedeverymistake thestudenthad made and underlined thesentencesthat needed improvement, as any responsible teacher would do.The firs

31、t thing she did when the alarm sounded was to hold her baby daughterin herarms and rush out ofthe room,as any loving mother would do insuch a situation.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 从医院忙了一天回家后，他会直接打开他的黄色笔记本，写着写着就轻松了。2. 我说写作是技艺，而不是艺术，说自己因缺乏灵感而无法施展技艺的人是在自欺欺人

32、。3. “我热爱象征 ! ”布罗克医生叫道，随后兴致勃勃地描绘了将象征融入作品的乐趣。4. 而是如何使用英语才能言简意赅的问题。II.Translatethe followingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthe words and phrasesgiven in brackets.1. These modernist artists look vaguely bohemian.2. Dont fool yourself; he is by no means a pure boy as you think.3. He is a frequent guest in som

33、e chic cafes and bars which mainly cater to foreigners.4. He gave an account of his adventurous experiences in Africa with gusto.5. One of his objectives in life is to unite his vocation with his avocation.6. The elderly are vulnerable to the deceit practiced by dishonest sales people.7. This magazi

34、ne is frequently covered with glamorous actresses.8. I really feel fed up with commercial gimmicks on TV.III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.专业作家和业余作家对于文学创作有着不同的、甚至截然相反的看法。专业作家强调努力追求完美， 因此他们认为修改是写作的要素，而业余作家则认为作品应该反映作者最自然的真我。 专业作家将写作看成一种职业，坚持不懈地为写出上乘作品而努力，而业余作家则将写作看成一种爱好，从中可以得到很多快乐。专业作家

35、孤独而辛劳，收获的是“两耳不闻窗外事”的快乐，而业余作家往往喜欢社交，经常光顾时尚别致的餐馆和咖啡屋。总之，不同的人可能有不同的写作习惯和写作风格，重要的是写作应该反映一个人的思想、情感和个性。Exercises for integrated skillsI. Dictation scriptCollege writing, also called academic writing, / is assigned to teach you thecritical thinking and writing skills / neededto communicate in classesand in

36、 theworkplace. / To acquire and practice these skills, / you are asked to write manydifferent types of assignments / under different circumstances. / Sometimes yourteacherwillassign a topic /and definethe audience; /sometimes you willbe calledon / to define and limit the topic and audience yourself.

37、 / In any case, collegewriting teaches you / about the series of decisions you must make / as you forgethe link between your information and your audience.II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.(1) succeed(2) person(3) because(4) Once(5) fact(6) characterize(

38、7) subject(8) such(9) create(10) readers(11) not(12) withCultural BackgroundThe Importance of DialogueMany philosophers and writers would like to express their philosophic ideasthroughtheform of dialogue.And one important theoristmaking great contributionin clarifying the function of dialogic thinki

39、ng isMikhail Bakhtin .1) Self-other relationship “other ” plays a key role in understanding: In order to understand, it is immensely important for the person who understandsto be located outside the object of his or her creative understanding in time,in space, in culture. Mikhail Bakhtin(fromNew Yor

40、k Review of Books , June 10, 1993)2) Polyphony(many voices) single voice is not the carrier of truth:Truthisanumberofmutuallyaddressed,albeitcontradictoryandlogicallyinconsistent, statements. Truth needs a multitude of carrying voices.Text IThe TransactionWilliam ZinsserGlobal ReadingI. Text Analysi

41、sThe textopens withtwo writersansweringstudents questionsabouthow towriteindialogue,showingsharpcontrasts fromvariousaspects.By summarizingdifferentmethods in writing, the text later on points out that even with diversity anddifferentiation,the common groundofanywritingisthesame.Many renownedphiloso

42、phersand writerssuch as Platoand OscarWildeexpressedtheirphilosophicideas in theformofdialoguewhere differentaspectsoftruthwere betterpresented.Through dialogue between people on an equal footing, we get the revelation thatdifferent,sometimesevenseeminglycontradictoryelements,canco-existsoharmoniouslywithintherangeofone truth.Humanbeingshave an inclinationtolookat the world from a self-centered perspective, and it will result in an illusionfarfrom truth.Therefore,itisimportantfor one totryh