被动语态,过式过分归类

1、AAA型型 cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read beat-beat-beat/beaten ABB型型 buy-bought-bought fight-fought-fought think-thought-thought bring-brought-brought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught feed-fed-fed meet-met-met lay-laid-laid pay-paid-paid say-said-

2、said tell-told-told sell-sold-sold send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent build-built-built sweep-swept-swept keep-kept-kept get-got-got/gotten forget-forgot-forgot/forgotten feel-felt-felt spell-spelt/spelled-spelt/spelled find-found-found hang-hung-hung have/has-had-had hear-heard-heard hold-held-held l

3、ead-led-led learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned leave-left-left lie(撒谎）撒谎）-lied-lied lose-lost-lost make-made-made sit-sat-sat show-showed-showed/shown stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood win-won-won mean-meant-meant ABA型型 come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run ABC型型 give-gav

4、e-given drive-drove-driven see-saw-seen take-took-taken throw-threw-thrown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk write-wrote-written drive-drove-driven ride-rode-ridden bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn speak-spok

5、e-spoken 被动语态被动语态 1语态概述：英语的语态是通过语态概述：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化动词形式的变化表现出来表现出来 的。英语中有两种语态：的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态。 许多人讲汉语。许多人讲汉语。 Many people speak Chinese. 主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 由由介词介词by引出动作的执行者。引出动作的执行者。 汉语被许多人讲。汉语被许多人讲。 Chinese is spoken by

6、 many people. 二二.被动语态的被动语态的构成。构成。 be+ done(过去分词）过去分词） 人称，数和时态的人称，数和时态的 变化是通过变化是通过be的变化的变化表现出来的。表现出来的。 一般现在时：一般现在时： am/is/are+ done We clean the room every day.(变被动）变被动） The room is cleaned by us every day. 一般过去时：一般过去时： was/were +done Mary borrowed the book yesterday.(变被动）变被动） The book was borrowed b

7、y Mary yesterday. 一般将来时一般将来时 will/shall be + done They will do much housework tomorrow.（变被动）（变被动） Much housework will be done by them tomorrow. 现在完成时现在完成时 have/has been + done He has watched the movie.(变被动）变被动） The movie has been watched by him. 含情态动词的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词情态动词+ be+done I should return

8、 his pen in time. His pen should be returned in time by me. 三。不用三。不用“by”的情况。的情况。 1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的） Some new computers were stolen last night. 信前天送到这儿了。信前天送到这儿了。 The letter was sent here the day before yesterday. 2.强调动作的承受者，而不是强调动作的执行者

9、。强调动作的承受者，而不是强调动作的执行者。 你们的家庭作业必须准时完成。你们的家庭作业必须准时完成。 Your homework must be finished on time。 教室应该每天打扫。教室应该每天打扫。 Classroom should be cleaned every day. 四。注意以下几点。四。注意以下几点。 1.跟双宾语的动词的被动语态跟双宾语的动词的被动语态 直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如直接宾语改直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如直接宾语改 为主语时，间接宾语前要加上介词为主语时，间接宾语前要加上介词to/for. 用用to的动词有的动词有：

10、 give, show, pass, lend, send. return, write等。等。 用用for的动词有的动词有： make, buy, get, mend 等。等。 He gave me an interesting book.(改被动）改被动） I was given an interesting book. An interesting book was given to me. His mother made him a birthday cake.（改被动）（改被动） He was made a birthday cake A birthday cake was made

11、 for him. 2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 变被动语态时，短语动词应当看做一个整体，其中的介词或变被动语态时，短语动词应当看做一个整体，其中的介词或 副词不能丢掉。副词不能丢掉。 He turns off the lights at 11 pm every day. The lights are turned off at 11pm by him every day. 翻译：大部分书被赠送给了贫穷的学生们。翻译：大部分书被赠送给了贫穷的学生们。 Most of the books were given away to the poor students. 3.跟复合宾语的动词

12、的被动语态。跟复合宾语的动词的被动语态。 感官动词感官动词 see/hear/feel/ watch/look at/listen to或使役动词或使役动词 have/make 的主动语态后跟不带的主动语态后跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，的不定式作宾语补足语， 但变为被动语态时，须转为带但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。不定式。 I saw a bag drop from the bus.(被动）被动） A bag was seen to drop from the bus. she made her baby sleep in her arms.（被动）（被动） The baby w

13、as made to sleep in her arms. I often hear him sing. He is often heard to sing. 五。不用被动语态的情况五。不用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语无被动语态。不及物动词和不及物动词短语无被动语态。 如：如：come true, happen, take place, die, appear(出现，似乎出现，似乎,） break out（爆发，突发）等。（爆发，突发）等。 我的梦想实现了。我的梦想实现了。 My dream came true. 2.系动词无被动语态。系动词无被动语态。 be, become

14、, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 3. wash, sell, read, write, open, close等动词有状语修饰时，等动词有状语修饰时， 用主动形式表被动意义。用主动形式表被动意义。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很好（被）洗。这种布料很好（被）洗。 This new book sells well. 新书很畅销。（书应是被卖）新书很畅销。（书应是被卖） The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很流畅。这笔写起来很流畅。(笔是被写）笔是被写） The shop opens at 9 am and close