2010年高考阅读理解专题精练精析（三）

1、2010年高考阅读理解专题精练精析（三）第三组APushy parents and teachers who “hothouse” the under-5s risk causing damage to the childrens long term development, a leading education expert said.Lilian Katz, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, said that four-year-olds engaged in reading and writing went o

2、n to perform worse academiclly than those engaged in imaginative learning. They scored higher in tests at the age of 5, but children whose first year at school was stimulating outstripped them four years later. The findings suggest that the governments structured approach to early years learning cou

3、ld be storing up problems for children. They also raise serious questions about the plan for all children to be able to read by the age of 6. In many countries formal teaching does not start until children are 6 or 7 and have improved their social and manual skills. Children start learning to read a

4、nd write at 6 in the United States. France and Germany , and at 7 in Finland and Sweden. Professor Katz said that in many schools the courses were boring children to tears. Much academic teaching required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context, she said. Teaching in rec

5、eption class should instead allow children to develop their intellect by exploring their environments and asking questions. Research suggests the benefits of formal academic insturction for four- and five-year-olds seem to be promising when they are tested early, but considerably less so in the long

6、 term. When these children are followed over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in more intellectually engaging curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers, who had received early academic instruction. She avocates teaching children through first-han

7、d experience and play, in mixed-aged classes. This can include puppet shows, drawing or running a pretend shop in the classroom.1According to the passage, those who “hothouse” the under-5s would probably _.A. prefer a lot of interaction and stimulation while teachingB. teach in a lively way to motiv

8、ate kids interestC. push the kids to memorize pieces of informationD. care about the kids physical development2What does the underlined word “ outstripped” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. did better thanB. looked down uponC. caught up withD. performed worse than3According to Lilian Katz, the governments stru

9、ctured approach to early-years learning _.A. is necessary for improving childrens reading and writing abilityB. needs to be improved to develop childrens academicabilityC. will cause problems to children in their future learningD. has more advantages than disadvantages4The message the author wants t

10、o deliver through the passage is that formal teaching _.A. can start at different times in different countries.B. should not be started too earlyC. is best carried out in Finland and SwedenD. should include teaching children social and manual skills5Which of the following is NOT the opinion of Lilia

11、n Katz?A. Children should be taught through first-hand experience.B. Learning in a mixed-age class is good for children.C. Running a shop can help children get good marks.D. Puppet shows and drawing are useful easy in teaching children.【解题导语】本文属于教育类文章。研究发现过早接受正规教育虽然能使儿童在开始时学业优秀，但对其以后的发展会造成很多问题。【答案与简

12、析】1C 细节理解题。文章第一段说明这种教育模式会对五岁以下的儿童的长远发展造成危害，而从第五段“. required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context.”可知，这种教育模式是侧重于死记硬背。2A 词义猜测题。由第一段及第二段中的第一句可知五岁前接受读写训练的孩子在四年后成绩不如那些曾经在一年级接受过启发性教育的同龄人。3C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知政府的固定教育法会给孩子将来的发展留下许多隐患。4B 推理判断题。从第四段我们可知孩子在六、七岁以后，社交技能和动手技能才得到发展，所以正

13、确的做法是让学生在探究环境中和提问的过程中开发智力，而不是过过多的正规教育要求学生死记硬背很多东西（第五段），因此说明了过早实施正规教育对孩子没有益处。5C 细节理解题。从文章最后一段的最后两句“She advocates teaching children through., include puppet shows”可知A、B和D三项是Lilian Katz所赞成的，C项意思与原文有偏差。【备选题目】可根据需要调配试题难度。1. The underlined word “outstripped” in Paragraph 2 means _.A. performed worse thanB

14、. performed better than C. made fun of D. looked down upon2. The structured approach to early-year learning _.A. proves Katzs findingsB. raises questions about Katzas findingsC. causes too much competition among childrenD. has a bad influence on childrens long-term development3. According to Katz, w

15、hats the problem that many schools have? A. They praise children too much. B. They provide children with too much freedom. C. They dont encourage children to be active. D. They dont teach children to obey the authority.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph? A.

16、Kids with experiences in more intellectually engaging programs might perform worse at first. B. Kids with early academic instruction might perform worse at first. C. The earlier a kid is taught to read and write, the better. D. Imaginative learning should be replaced in class.1. B。根据句中的although可知4年后

17、，接受互动和能激发兴趣的教育的孩子比过早练习读写的孩子表现得更好。2. D。根据第四段第一句，再结合第二段内容，可得出答案。3. C。根据倒数第二段首句可得出答案。4. A。根据最后一段第一、二句，较早接受正规教育的孩子在早期的考试中要比那些较早接受智力开发的孩子表现得好些，选项A是该情况的另一种说法。BBe Brave With New Things The old advertising slogan, “so simple a child can do it ,” has taken on new meaning to me. A few weeks ago I got a comput

18、er, but I an mechanically illiterate. I knew that children had no fear of the future, so that seemed a good place to seek help. I asked my nephew, twelve years old, at an elementary school, to help me. My nephew took the machine for granted and has simply accepted the fact that computers are now a w

19、ay of life. He plays with them and does his homework on them and even creates programs for them. I , on the other hand, are terrified by what this equipment can do. It can interchange paragraphs, switch words around and even correct my spelling. It informs me of Its limitations, takes commands and a

20、sks questions. It even seems to have a sense of communication. Rather than accusing me of making an error, it prints “One of us has made a mistake!” It never gets tired and is always patient and ready to go when I am. I think it was somewhat normal for me to be suspicious of computers. They represen

21、t a break with some very familiar habits and traditions. It is only human to instinctively avoid anything that shifts thoroughly from the acceptable, comfortable past. But the world is governed by ceaseless change and we must therefore establish links with the present and future as well as the past.

22、 Computer technology is an excellent case in point, as the newest systems grow out of date in only a few years, or even months. This ability to see, experience and accept the new is one of our saving characteristics. To be fearful of tomorrow, to close ourselves to possibilities, to resist the inevi

23、table, to advocate standing still when all else is moving forward, is to lose touch. If we accept the new with joy and wonder, we can move gracefully into each tomorrow. More often than not, the children shall lead us.6What is the new meaning of “So simple a child can do it” for the author?Acomputer

24、s are so easy to operate that even a child can play them wellBA child can always do more complex things than an adult.CIt is easier for a child to accept new things than for an adult.DA child has greater ability than an adult in operating computers.7According to the second paragraph, which of the fo

25、llowing statements is true?AThe nephew thought it is natural to accept the fact that computers are now a way of life.BThe nephew believed that machines were made for people to do whatever they wanted.Ccomputers are not only used to communicate, but also to remove their limitations.DIt is a fact that

26、 both adults and children have accepted computers as a way of life.8Which of the following doesnt the authors computer do ?AIt asks the author if she has made a mistake.BIt accuses the author of making mistakes.CIt corrects the authors spelling mistakes.DIt informs the author of her mistakes.9Accord

27、ing to the third paragraph, it is human nature that we resist those things which Aonly represent the comfortable and acceptable past Bchange thoroughly into the comfortable and acceptable past Cmake people stand still when all else is moving forwardDchange completely from the acceptable and comforta

28、ble past10Howdoyouunderstandthe underlined sentenceinthetext?A.ItisalwaysreadytoinformmewhenIamreadytogo.B.ItisalwaysreadytostartworkingwhenIamreadyforwork.C.WhenIamreadytogo,itispatienttowait.D.WhenIamreadytogo,ithasalreadygone.【解题导语】作者不会使用新买的电脑，向她侄儿求助。由此引出了作者对儿童比成年人容易接受新事物的一番议论。最后作者倡导成年人要积极地接受新事物。

29、【答案及简析】6C 分析推理题。文章中第二段第一至第三句间接地解释了这句话的文中所指的意思。7A 句意理解题。第二段第一句中的took the machine for granted意思就thought it is natural。8B 信息查找题。通读第二段可知作者的电脑并没有指控她出错。注：rather than“是而不是”, 故选项B正确。9D 句意理解题。选项D与第三段第三句句意相同。10. B 句意理解题。根据本段内容可知答案。CCharging your mobile phone might soon be as simple as taking a walk around the

30、 block. Scientists have created a new machine that harvests energy from the movement of the knees while walking. Six volunteers wore the devices(装置)on their legs while walking on a treadmill (跑步机) and were able to produce about five watts of electrical power each. Thats enough energy to run 10 mobil

31、es at the same time.“Since muscles are the powerhouses of the body, my colleagues and I designed our device to generate electricity from the move of the knee joint,” said Max Donelan. “It resembles a knee brace and weighs about 1.5 kilograms including the gearing (传动装置) and generator.”The apparatus

32、(装置) catches the energy of a persons movement by connecting an electrical generator to knee moving. When the wearer extends the knee, a gear on the device turns and spins the generator, which builds up energy. When the knee is flexed, the device turns off so as not to tax the wearer. The machine sen

33、ses moving and knows when to activate itself.The design allows a person to use the tool without using much additional energy beyond the normal demands of walking. The researchers measured the volunteers oxygen intake and carbon-dioxide output to make sure it wasnt strenuous to use.People are an exce

34、llent source of portable power. An average-sized person stores as much energy in fat as a 1,000-kilogram battery. People recharge their body batteries with food.The device could be used to power computers in remote areas where electricity is shot. The early markets are people whose lives depend on p

35、ortable power, such as people with artificial limbs（肢体）. On the military side, some soldiers have an extreme dependence on batteries these days, so both these groups could benefit.11. The text is mainly about a new machine that _. A. can make your walking easy on a treadmill B. can generate enough e

36、lectricity by walking C. can increase the strength of your walking D. can offer electricity for your physical practice12. According to the text, which parts of the body are suitable for the device? A. The knees.B. The ankles.C. The wrists.D. The neck.13. It can be inferred from the text that the amo

37、unt of electricity from the device directly lies in _. A. the speed of your walkingB. the amount of food you eat C. the amount of oxygen intakeD. the extent of your knees extending14. Why did the researchers measure the volunteers carbon-dioxide output? A. To see whether the device is hard to use. B

38、. To test the amount of electricity generated. C. To tell whether the device has enough source of energy. D. To judge what food is useful for the wearers.15. We can learn from the text that the device _. A. is a must for a soldier in the army B. will more and more change peoples ways of life C. has

39、widely been used in remote areas D. is more useful in places with electricity unaccessible【解题导语】本文说的是一种通过人步行时膝关节的活动来带动该装置发电的新器械。【答案与解析】11. B。主旨大意题。本文提到的这种新器械主要是通过人步行时膝关节的活动来带动该装置发电。选项B概述了该文的主旨；选项A、C和D偏离本文主题。故答案选B。12. A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段，该种装置应该是安装在膝关节处的。故但选A。13. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第三段，这种装置主要是通过关节的活动来提供动

40、能而发电，因此，膝关节的伸缩度直接关系到发电量的多少。故答案选D。14. A。细节理解题。文章第四段提到，这种装置不需要携带者超出一般的步行量，而通过检测氧气摄入和二氧化碳的呼出来说明该种装置是否能让携带者用起来方便不吃力。本题间接考查形容词 (strenuous)，不过从文章的上下文来看，该词应该与发电量和所吃食物无关。故答案选A。15. D。细节判断题。根据文章最后一段，该种器械对于缺乏电源的偏远地区的人或者对于需要电源的士兵来说是很有用处的。选项A表达绝对话了；选项B还没有达到改变人们的生活方式那么大；选项C表达不符合原文，该种装置还没有用于实际生活中。故答案选D。DNew fast f

41、ood debuts in U.S. fairsfired CokeA new fast food is making its debut(首次演出) at U.S. fairs this fall-fried Coke. Abel Gonzales, 36, a computer analyst from Dallas, tried about 15 different varieties before coming up with his perfect recipe-a batter mix made with Coca-Cola syrup, a drizzle of strawber

42、ry syrup, and some strawberries.Balls of the batter are then deep-fried, ending up like ping-pang ball sized doughnuts（面团）which are then served in a cup, topped with Coca-Cola syrup, whipped cream, cinnamon(桂皮)sugar and a cherry on the top.“It tastes great,” said Sue Gooding, a spokeswoman for the S

43、tate Fair of Texas where Gonzales fried Coke made its debut this fall. “It was a huge success.”Gonzales ran two stands at the State Fair of Texas and sold up to 35,000 fried Cokes over 24 days for 4.50 dollars each and won a prize for coming up with “most creative” new fair food.Ray Crockett, a spok

44、esman for Coca-Cola Co., said: “were constantly amazed at the creative ways folks find to enjoy their Coke and make it part of celebrations like fairs and festivals. This is one is definitely different!”16. The passage is likely to .A. be an advertisement B. appear in a newspaperC. make a comment on

45、 a new food D. give us some advice17. The new fast food probably is the computer analysts _.A. 15th attempt B. disliked foodC. most creative food D. excellent recipe18. We are sure that _.A. this new kind fast food will be popular in the future B. this new food has been sold 157500 dollars C. the fo

46、od was bought by Coca-Cola Co. D. this is a new kind of Coke19. According to Ray Crockett, _. A. fried Coke is a completely different form of Coca-Cola. B. fried Coke is a very creative use of Coca-Cola. C. folks enjoy this new kind of food very much. D. he is amazed at the U.S. fairs this fall.【解题导

47、语】本文向人们介绍一种新食品美国新小吃-炒可乐。【答案与解析】16. B 推理判断题。本文只是向人们介绍一种新食品,故极有可能会出现在报纸上.如果是广告文中就不会引用那么多的评论。17. D 推理判断题。从tried about 15 different varieties before coming up with his perfect recipe可知,这种新食品应是第16种尝试.他发明的是他最喜爱的故B错.最具创意的食品是别人说的,他本人未必认可.而excellent与perfect是近义词.18. A 细节理解题。在24天的展销中就卖了157500 dollars故B项不正确。C，D

48、项与文章不符。19. B 细节理解题。炸可乐是吃的一种形式，而不是另一种可乐，故A项不正确。民众找到一些享受可乐的具有创造性的方式，故C错。D项针对的是这种吃可乐的方式而非这次展销。【评注】要求考生就题论题而不能凭主观论断。否则就有可能误选答案C。EThursday, January 3 Book a Librarian One-on-One Computer or Internet Training SessionLocation：Main Library Training Center（5th F1）Address：100 Larkin St（at Grove）Library Sponso

49、red Public ProgramEvent Time：4 pm6 pmDescription：Do you need personalized help Using a computer or the Internet?During the month of January，the library is offering limited one-on-one training sessions（培训课程）Sessions are limited to 30 minutes and require signing up in advanceCall（415）557-4400 to book

50、an appointment or for more informationFriday, January 4Beyond Journal Writing for TeensLocation：Main Library Paley Rm（3rd F1）Address：100 Larkin St（at Grove）Library Sponsored Public ProgramEvent Time：4 p.m. - 5：30 p.m.Description：In this nine-week（January 4 through February 29）class，you will have the

51、 opportunity to develop and share your writing（poetry, biography and more）in a supportive group led by a Writers Corps teacherOpen to teen writers aged 13-19For information，communicate with Betsy Levine，Teen Librarian，at（415）557-4497 or Dmail blevinesipIorgTuesday, January 8Power Panels and Films by World SavvyLocatio