高级英语(Book 4)Unit 3

1、Unit 3 The Road to Happiness New Words vRead the new words, paying attention to the pronunciation and stress. vLook up the dictionary to get the meaning of the unfamiliar words. vDo some exercises on these new words. Exercises on new words vWrite out the words according to the English explanations.

2、1. a person who tries to make others behave in the way that person strongly believes to be right 2. an invalid, esp. one who is morbidly interested in or anxious about his state of health 3. the natural force in people and animals which causes certain behaviour patterns, such as nest- building, and

3、which seems not to be based on learning or thinking 4. to give up sth. important or useful for a particular purpose 5. to provide a school, hospital, or college with a large amount of money that gives a continuing income 6. happening naturally, without planning 7. (fml.) to pay sb. for work done 8.

4、(lit.) working hard 9. strengthening medicine, stimulant 10. n. following regularly, with first one thing happening and then the other 11. great above all others 12. to prevent sb. or sth. from doing sth. 13. diet, a set of rules about food, sleep, etc. in order to improve health 14. a persons usual

5、 food or drink 15. Showing submissive respect Keys 1. moralist2. valetudinarian 3. Instinct4. sacrifice 5. endow6. spontaneous 7. remunerate8. toil 9. tonic10. alternation 11. paramount 12. restrain 13. regimen14. diet 15. humble vhumble adj. 1) believing that you are not any better or more importan

6、t than other people 谦虚的；谦恭的谦虚的；谦恭的 e.g. I dont see why I should be humble before such persons. 2) unimportant, and having a low social position 地位卑微的；低档次的地位卑微的；低档次的 e.g. He was only a humble bank clerk. 3) Showing deferential or submissive respect: 低声下气的低声下气的, 表现出恭敬或谦卑的敬仰的表现出恭敬或谦卑的敬仰的 e.g. A humble

7、apology may be of use. vTranslate the following sentences, paying attention to the black part. 1. Some animals hunt by instinct. 2. A businessman tends to sacrifice his health for wealth. 3. The boy is endowed with great talents. 有些动物有些动物凭本能猎食。凭本能猎食。 商人倾向于商人倾向于用用健康健康换换财富财富。 那个男孩那个男孩天生具有天生具有很高的天赋很高的天

8、赋。 4. A spontaneous cheer rose from the crowd. 5. He promised I would be remunerated for the extra work. 6. We gained these achievements through toil. 7. Fresh air is a good tonic for melancholy. 自发的欢呼声自发的欢呼声从人群中响起。从人群中响起。 他承诺会他承诺会给给我加班工作的我加班工作的报酬。报酬。 我们我们通过艰苦的劳动通过艰苦的劳动获得了这些成就获得了这些成就。 新鲜空气是治疗忧郁的新鲜空气

9、是治疗忧郁的良药。良药。 8. I tried my best to restrain my anger when he shouted at me. 9. Proper diet and exercise are both important for health. 10. He even didnt notice the alternation of day and night. 他吼我的时候我竭力他吼我的时候我竭力控制了自己的怒火。控制了自己的怒火。 正确的饮食习惯和锻炼正确的饮食习惯和锻炼对健康都很重要。对健康都很重要。 他甚至没有意识到他甚至没有意识到昼夜的交替。昼夜的交替。 vFi

10、nd out the synonyms of the following words from the word list. v1. pleasant, similar v2. add to v3. energetic v4. chasing v5. general v6. sufficient 1. congenial 2. supplement 3. vigorous 4. pursuit 5. abstract 6. adequate v7. inconsistent v8. very v9. annoy v10. advice v11. dull v12. seriously v13.

11、 inclined 7. incompatible 8. profoundly 9. harry 10. exhortation 11. boring 12. solemnly 13. apt vincompatible adj. 1) inconsistent with 不协调的不协调的 e.g. Her hoarse voice is incompatible with her appearance. 2) too different from another person or thing to be able to live or exist with them 彼此不彼此不 相容的；

12、不能共存的相容的；不能共存的 e.g. Their marriage broke up because they were basically incompatible. B vComplete the following sentences with the proper words. 1. The citys water supply is no longer _ for its growing population. 2. This kind of shoe is _ to slip on wet ground. 3. Nowadays many people tend to _ the

13、ir my diet with vitamin pills. 4. I am _ grateful for your timely help. 5. They emigrated to Australia in _ of a better life. 6. In my opinion, two real friends usually have _ tastes. apt supplement profoundly pursuit congenial adequate The Main Idea of Each Paragraph v1. The pursuit of happiness do

14、esnt necessarily comply with ones personal rule of life. On the other hand, ones personal rule of life should not be incompatible with happiness. v2. The unhappy people care too much about what they should and shouldnt do at the expense of their intuitive life. v3. The happy people have certain thin

15、gs in common: the most important is that an activity they involve themselves in is itself enjoyable and gives them delight in the course of conducting it. v4. Happiness can not be brought about by simply following a rule of life. It is mostly determined by the simple things which will build up somet

16、hing else in ones life and which render people really happy. Detailed Study of the Text 1. (Par. 1) It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. vMoralists usually hold that happiness can not be brought about by seeking it. v道德家们普遍认为幸福不是靠追求就能获得道德家们普遍认为幸福不是靠追求就能获得

17、 的。的。 2. (Par. 1) This is only true if you pursue it unwisely. vThe argument that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it holds water only if you seek it foolishly and imprudently. 3. (Par. 1) So it is with happiness. vSo there are other successful ways of pursuing happiness. 4. (Par. 1) If you purs

18、ue it by means of drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. vby means of 依靠依靠 e.g. Friendship between the two nations was consolidated by means of cultural exchanges. v假如你喝酒取乐的话，那你就忘了酒醉的滋味假如你喝酒取乐的话，那你就忘了酒醉的滋味 5. (Par. 1) Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry brea

19、d, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days. v伊壁鸠鲁追求幸福的手段见之于他只和那些志趣相伊壁鸠鲁追求幸福的手段见之于他只和那些志趣相 投的人住在一起，每天只吃干面包，除了在节日时投的人住在一起，每天只吃干面包，除了在节日时 外加一点点奶酪外加一点点奶酪 6. (Par. 1) His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more vigorous. v他的做法就他而言

20、是成功的，然而他是一个体弱多病他的做法就他而言是成功的，然而他是一个体弱多病 的人，大多数人则需要更充满活力的东西的人，大多数人则需要更充满活力的东西 7. (Par. 1) For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. v对大多数人来说，如不加以各种方式的补充，追求幸对大多数人来说，如不加以各种方式的补充，追求幸 福的说法显得太抽象

21、、太空洞，不足以作为一条人生福的说法显得太抽象、太空洞，不足以作为一条人生 的准则。的准则。 8. (Par. 1) But I think that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be incompatible with happiness. vBut I think that whatever principle of life you may choose to live by, it should not be at odds w

22、ith happiness except on certain occasions when the sacrifice of happiness is called for. 9. (Par. 2) In such cases, it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. vlie with (fml.) depend on, be the responsibility of, rest with取决于取决于, 在于在于, 由由.负责负责 e.g. Are you saying t

23、hat the fault generally lies with the management? e.g. It lies with the police to prove that the prisoner actually stole the jewels. vas to: about, in connection with, regarding e.g. There is no doubt as to his honesty. e.g. As to your final grade, that depends on your final examination. vIn such ca

24、ses, it would seem as though the unhappiness of these people who possess all the material comforts must result from a bad theory of life, that is, they dont know how to live happily. 10. (Par. 2) We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. v我们想象我们与动物之间的差别比我们之间实际上我们想象我们与动物之间的差别比

25、我们之间实际上 存在的差异要大的多存在的差异要大的多 11. (Par. 2) Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. vAnimals live an instinctive life and are content so long as their basic needs are satisfied. von impulse: impulsively, suddenly without planning e.g. On a sudden impulse, he

26、stopped and went into the library. e.g. On (an) impulse she told the driver to turn and go east. 12. (Par. 2) if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles. v if the cat has got something to eat and can keep warm in winter and now and then has chances to go out on

27、the roof of the house at night to play. 13. (Par. 2) Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. vAs human beings you need more things in life than the cat. But whatever your needs are, they grow out of your instinctive needs. v你的需求虽比你的猫复杂的多，但仍出自于

28、本能你的需求虽比你的猫复杂的多，但仍出自于本能 14. (Par. 2) In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten. vbe apt to: be prone to , be likely to e.g. That dog is apt to bite if hes teased. e.g. Babies who are small at birth are apt to grow faster. vPeople are most likel

29、y to forget that they share something with animals in this aspect. v在文明社会里，尤其是在讲英语的国家里，在文明社会里，尤其是在讲英语的国家里， 这一点往往被人们所忘却。这一点往往被人们所忘却。 15. (Par. 2) People propose to themselves some one paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. vminister to: attend to, serve, answer e.g

30、. He ministered to his wifes every need. e.g. The patient nurse ministered to the dying woman. vPeople set out a certain one predominant aim for themselves to reach and suppress all desires and drives that do not serve its purpose. v人们对自己提出一个至高无上的目标，并抑制一切人们对自己提出一个至高无上的目标，并抑制一切 不利于实现这一目标的冲动。不利于实现这一目标

31、的冲动。 16. (Par. 2) A be businessman may so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private affections. v商人也许急切地想发财，为了达到这一目标，他甚商人也许急切地想发财，为了达到这一目标，他甚 至会牺牲自己的健康和情感。至会牺牲自己的健康和情感。 17. (Par. 2) When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying other people

32、by exhortations to imitate his noble example. vWhen he becomes wealthy at last, he no longer finds happiness, nor satisfaction nor enjoyment in his wealth except annoying others by strongly advising them to follow his example. v当他最终腰缠万贯时，除了喋喋不休地力劝别人以当他最终腰缠万贯时，除了喋喋不休地力劝别人以 他为榜样外，已无任何快乐而言。他为榜样外，已无任何快乐

33、而言。 18. (Par. 2) Many rich ladies, not to afford opportunities for dusty snobbism. vAlthough they are not born with an ability to appreciate works of literature or art, many rich women determine to be thought cultured and spend plenty of time learning tediously to say the right thing about some new

34、best-sellers, not for the sake of pleasure and enjoyment but to show off their knowledge and appear superior to others on social occasions. v尽管老天没有赋予她们在文学艺术方面任何的鉴赏力，尽管老天没有赋予她们在文学艺术方面任何的鉴赏力， 许多阔太太们下决心要被人看作有教养的人，因此，许多阔太太们下决心要被人看作有教养的人，因此， 她们把大量的时间花在枯燥地学习如何恰如其分地评她们把大量的时间花在枯燥地学习如何恰如其分地评 论新书，但那些新书是供人消遣，而

35、不是用来助长那论新书，但那些新书是供人消遣，而不是用来助长那 些无聊的势利行为的。些无聊的势利行为的。 19. (Par. 3) The most important of these things is an activity that you are glad to see coming into existence. von ones own account: (inf.) for yourself, independently e.g. He used to be s shop assistant; now he runs a shop on his own account. vbui

36、ld up: (cause to) increase, develop e.g. He has built up a good business over the years from a small beginning. vThe most important of these things is an activity that on most occasions is pleasant by itself, and an activity that by and by develops into something that you like to see. v最重要的东西是一种活动，这

37、种活动的本身最重要的东西是一种活动，这种活动的本身 往往是令人愉快的，而且慢慢地发展成为某往往是令人愉快的，而且慢慢地发展成为某 种你乐于见到的东西。种你乐于见到的东西。 20. (Par. 3) Women who take an instinctive in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. v天性喜欢孩子的女人可以通过养育孩子而获得这份天性喜欢孩子的女人可以通过养育孩子而获得这份 满足满足 21. (Par. 3) Artists and authors and me

38、n of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them. vArtists and authors and scientists who like their work can get this kind of satisfaction and enjoyment out of their work. 22. (Par. 3) Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their week-ends to voluntary a

39、nd unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes they experience all the joys of having created beauty. vBy working in the city on weekdays, many men are more than willing to spend their weekends working hard in their gardens by planting flowers, watering plants, mowing lawns, etc.

40、without pay. When spring comes, they feel delighted in making their gardens beautiful and pleasant by themselves. v很多在城里工作的男士周末就在自家的花园里自愿很多在城里工作的男士周末就在自家的花园里自愿 地、没有报酬地辛勤地劳作，当春天来临时，他们地、没有报酬地辛勤地劳作，当春天来临时，他们 体验到了创造美丽的种种快乐。体验到了创造美丽的种种快乐。 23. (Par. 4) The whole subject of happiness has, in many opinion,

41、been treated too solemnly. vI think people usually take the question of happiness too seriously. v依我看，我们对幸福这一话题太过于认真了。依我看，我们对幸福这一话题太过于认真了。 24. (Par. 4) It is the simple things that really matter. vIt is the simple things that are really important. Here “the simple things” refer to the common things

42、in life that make people either happy or unhappy, as seen in the following sentences. v真正重要的是这些朴实无华的东西。真正重要的是这些朴实无华的东西。 25. (Par. 4) If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever h

43、is philosophy may be. v如果一个男人以妻儿为乐，事业有成，喜欢如果一个男人以妻儿为乐，事业有成，喜欢 昼夜、春秋的交替，不管他的人生哲学是什昼夜、春秋的交替，不管他的人生哲学是什 么，他都会感到快乐。么，他都会感到快乐。 26. (Par. 4) , then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen a different diet, or more exercise, or what not. v那么，他所需要的不是新的人生哲学，而是那么，他所需要的不是新的人生哲学，而是 全新的养生法全新的养生法一

44、种不同的饮食，或更多的一种不同的饮食，或更多的 锻炼，或诸如此类的。锻炼，或诸如此类的。 27. (Par. 4) vwhat not (what have you): n. (infml.) whatever you like or want; anything else like that e.g. We found suits, coats, hats and what not in the closet. e.g. The store sells big ones, small ones, medium ones, or what not. likely vadj. be (most)

45、 probable to e.g. The plan, in my opinion, is most likely to succeed. That, in my opinion, is a likely report. vadv. most probably He will most likely come right away. alike vadj. same or similar e.g. The twin brothers are very much alike in appearance. All music is alike to me. vadv. in a similar w

46、ay or equally e.g. A good teacher should treat his students alike. Exercises: E-C Translation 1. It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. (P.42: Lines 1-2) 2. For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and

47、theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. (P.42: Lines 11-14) 3. People propose to themselves some one paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. (P.43: Lines 30-31) Exercises: E-C Translation 4. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote th

48、eir week-ends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes they experience all the joys of having created beauty. (P.43: Lines 51-54) 5. It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure

49、in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. (P.44: Lines 62-65) Exercises: Study and Practice A. Words and expressions for use 1. congenial2. alternation 3. sacrifice4. on her account 5. instinctive6. came into existence 7. pursuit8. have

50、nothing in common 9. incompatible 10. supplement n Vocabulary and Structure B. Emphasize the underlined parts 1. The medical record shows that it was the dog, rather than the disease, that killed him two years ago. 2. It was in the name of freedom that Kennedy led his country deeper into its cruel,

51、hopeless war in Vietnam. 3. It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the embarrassing situation. 4. It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the Dean. 5. The truth is that it is only by studying history that we can learn wha

52、t to expect in the future. 6. It was John Adams who recommended George Washington to be commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in 1775. n Structure for use Exercises: Grammar Practice II. 1. herself2. themselves 3. myself4. themselves 5. himself6. myself 7. yourself8. himself II. Proofreading 1.

53、to be so to do so 2.when both the when all the 3.exactly likely exactly alike 4.Delete “it” 5.whole of the whole of 6.belonged to belonging to 7.increase increasing 8.easy ease 9.in least at least Exercises: Use of English 10.European Europe 11.to as most people to more people 12.Germen Germans 13.f

54、rom them from themselves 14.mind the mind 15.liberal liberalize 16.This is to be It is to be 17.in all world in all countries 18.do all things do both things 19.be open for be open to 20.Delete “in” III. Cloze 1. on2. of3. available 4. about/ over5. titles6. how 7. another8. spend9. give 10. They11.

55、 and12. fail 13. called14. rich15. at 16. on17. popular18. with 19. want20. of Exercises: Use of English IV. Translation Practice A. Sentence Translation 1. The textbook is supplemented by an adequate glossary. 2. The Sunday passed in alternation between watching TV and playing cards. 3. The situati

56、on is developing in a direction favorable to us. 4. It is necessary to find alternative sources of fuel when coal is not available. Exercises: Use of English 5. The magazine has a Christmas supplement of some complete stories. 6. Hobby is an activity or interest pursued outside of ones regular work.

57、 7. All the thirteen colonies were in favor of the repeal of the Stamp Act. 8. My father was engaged in scientific pursuits all his life. B. Passage Translation Many people tend to equate the excitement in one thing at a time with happiness of life, and pursue it by means of unwisely drinking or gambling etc. Consequently, even if they have all the material conditions of happiness, they can often feel profoundly unhappy. Truly