主题句的位置及其扩展范例

1、英语主题句的位置及其扩展范例英语主题句的位置及其扩展范例 广东省教育研究院广东省教育研究院 黄自成黄自成 主题句：为一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和主题句：为一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和 说明该段的主题。主题句一般位于段首，也可置于说明该段的主题。主题句一般位于段首，也可置于 段尾或段中段尾或段中 。 无论是中文还是英语抑或其他语言，我们知道无论是中文还是英语抑或其他语言，我们知道 写文章势必要有一个中心思想，而每个段落只能有写文章势必要有一个中心思想，而每个段落只能有 一个主题（一个主题（central idea），它用一个句子加以表），它用一个句子加以表 达，就是主题句。几个主题句的精

2、彩写作不仅会让达，就是主题句。几个主题句的精彩写作不仅会让 文章条理分明，更能够很好的诠释文章主题思想，文章条理分明，更能够很好的诠释文章主题思想， 可谓是文章的架构灵魂，所以，写好主题句对一篇可谓是文章的架构灵魂，所以，写好主题句对一篇 文章的好坏有着至关重要的作用。文章的好坏有着至关重要的作用。 写好主题句的方法写好主题句的方法 1、主题句要概括一定内容，不要空泛，否则扩展句、主题句要概括一定内容，不要空泛，否则扩展句 将难以说明和支持它，例如：将难以说明和支持它，例如： 空泛：空泛：English language is very important. 概括：概括：English lan

3、guage is very important in our daily life. 空泛：空泛：The Olympic Games are exciting. 概括：概括：In the Olympic Games the football teams from many countries compete intensely. 2、尽量使用简单句或简洁明了的句子，例如：、尽量使用简单句或简洁明了的句子，例如： 简洁：简洁：Collecting stamps is her hobby. 复杂复杂:She likes collecting stamps which is her hobby. 简

4、洁简洁:I enjoyed watching Gone with the wind very much. 复杂：复杂：Gone with the wind was a good film which I enjoyed watching very much. 写好主题句的方法写好主题句的方法 3、主题句应该做到句子完整和表达的主题思、主题句应该做到句子完整和表达的主题思 想完整：想完整： 不完整：不完整：How to write a composition. 完整：完整：How to write a composition is not an easy thing to talk about.

5、 不完整：不完整：If the weather had been fine. 完整：完整：If it had been fine, we would have had a good time. 写好主题句的方法写好主题句的方法 4、关键词是直接表达主题的词汇，它决定段、关键词是直接表达主题的词汇，它决定段 落的内容和展开的方法，引导整个段落的发落的内容和展开的方法，引导整个段落的发 展，例如：展，例如： There are several ways to boil the water. The task can be finished in three steps. There is a ne

6、w method to reduce the cost Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”.

7、Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? 正三角形写作法：即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用正三角形写作法：即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用 细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是

8、英语中最常见的演绎法写作 方式。方式。 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanc

9、e 倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、 建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。 When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is not shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and “see” him as re

10、taining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stature is with respect to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future requires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception is thus a prediction; it embraces the past and the future as well as

11、 the present. 倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、 建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。 Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and fork

12、s; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that a

13、re important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. 圆形写作法：即首尾呼应的写作方法。突出主题，作者先提出主题，结 尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应

14、的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句 子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in w

15、hich he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long. Lincolns body was taken by train back to his former home in Spring Field, Illinois, but in all the major cities through

16、 which the train passed, the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed, bells rang in honor of the dead President. Citizens lit torches along the railroad track to show their last respects.菱形写作法：即主题句出现菱形写作法：即主题句出现 在文章的中间，通常前面

17、只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引 申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think

18、 that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Q: What does the passage mainly tells? A. How people stay healthy B. Why sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams 菱形写作法：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随菱

19、形写作法：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随 之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 In 2099 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning. Besides, machines will do most of your routine work for you. Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewal

20、k. Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper. What does the passage mainly tells us? A. In 2099 you will go to work later in the morning. B. In 2099 machines will do

21、 most of your work. C. In 2099 your life will be quite different. D. In 2099 faster transportation will make traveling easier. 正方形写作法：即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下，正方形写作法：即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下， 读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。 Tom studied four years at the Univers

22、ity of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. The main idea of this

23、paragraph is that _. A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university. D. Tom received an

24、excellent education. 正方形写作法：即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下， 读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。 英语主题句扩展范例英语主题句扩展范例 当主题句指出一个地点、场景等时当主题句指出一个地点、场景等时,可以按作者所在位可以按作者所在位 置中心或从某物开始进行描写置中心或从某物开始进行描写,一般是按远近、大小或一般是按远近、大小或 上下等空间的顺序扩展。上下等空间的顺序扩展。 My study is not big, but it is very tidy. It has two windows. There is a

25、 desk and a chair by one of the windows. Pens, pencils and paper are on the desk. A tape recorder is on the right, and a reading lamp is on the left. There is a map on the wall. Above the map is a clock. A bookcase stands in a corner of the room. There are books, dictionaries, magazines and newspape

26、rs in it. They are in English, French, Chinese and some other languages. They are a great help to me. 当主题句指出某个人物、因素、步聚时当主题句指出某个人物、因素、步聚时,一般用分项法一般用分项法 逐一展开。常用逐一展开。常用first ,second ,last 等词连接。等词连接。 Spanish speaking Americans fall into four large groups. One group, the largest, is the Mexican Americans.

27、 This group came across the Rio Grande and settled in the Southwest. Puerto Ricans, the second group, settled mainly in New York City. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave them, along with other foreign language speaking citizens, the right to vote without having to read and write English. Cubans, the

28、 third group, arrived in the early 1960s. They were fleeing from Cuba. Philippines, the fourth group, settled mainly on the West Coast. These four groups of Spanish speaking Americans make up one of largest minority group in the nation. 当主题句指出一个事件、故事等叙事性陈述时当主题句指出一个事件、故事等叙事性陈述时,一般按一般按 时间的先后顺序扩展。时间的先后

29、顺序扩展。 George goes through the same morning routine every weekday. At six he is wakened by an alarm clock and gets up. Then he shaves, brushes his teeth, washes his face, and dresses. After that he exercises deep breathing in the garden for ten minutes. Then he has breakfast and reads the morning new

30、spaper. At seven thirty he says goodbye to his family and leaves for his office. 当主题句指出一个论点、定义、抽象概念或需要解释的问题当主题句指出一个论点、定义、抽象概念或需要解释的问题 ,一般按举例一般按举例 法扩展。举例就是用具法扩展。举例就是用具 体、形象、简单、典型的事例去说明或解释抽象的道理体、形象、简单、典型的事例去说明或解释抽象的道理 ,复杂的概念或深奥的复杂的概念或深奥的 知识。这种方法的特点是具知识。这种方法的特点是具 体、明晰、典型、易懂体、明晰、典型、易懂 ,能增强说明力和感染力。能增强说明力和感染力。 Travelling is a kind of education. For example, visiting places of historic interest can enrich your knowledge of history. In addition, while travelling, you can learn about many art forms and architecture different from your own. In this way, you can