第02章-古典贸易理论(英文习题)答案

1、CHOICE QUESTIONS（ D ）1.The mercantilists （n. 重商主义）would have objected to（反对）: a. Export promotion policies （出口促进政策） initiated （v. 发起） by the governmentb. The use of tariffs （n. 关税）or quotas （n. 配额） to restrict importsc. Trade policies designed to accumulate （v. 积累） gold and other precious metals （贵金

2、属）d. International trade based on open markets（自由市场）（ C ）2. Unlike the mercantilists, Adam Smith maintained（v. 主张，坚称） that: a. Trade benefits one nation only at the expense of （在损失的情况下） another nationb. Government control of trade leads to maximum （adj. 最大值的，最大量的）economic welfare（经济福利）c. All nations

3、 can gain from free international traded. The worlds output of goods must remain constant （adj. 不变的） over time（ D ）3. The trading principle formulated （v. 明确表达） by Adam Smith maintained （v. 主张，坚称） that: a. International prices are determined from the demand side of the marketb. Differences in resour

4、ce endowments （资源禀赋） determine comparative advantagec. Differences in income levels govern world trade patternsd. Absolute cost differences （成本差异） determine the immediate basis for trade（ A ）4. Assume that labor is the only factor of production （生产要素） and that wages in the United States equal $20 pe

5、r hour while wages in the United Kingdom equal $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States than the United Kingdom if: a. U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hourb. U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per ho

6、ur while U.K. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hourc. U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hourd. U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 25 units per hour（ C ）5. Concerning （prep.

7、关于，就而论） international trade restrictions （n. 限制）, which of the following is false? Trade restrictions: a. Limit specialization （专业化） and the division of labor （劳动分工）b. Reduce the volume of trade （贸易量） and the gains from trade （贸易所得）c. Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities cu

8、rves （生产可能性曲线）d. May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparative disadvantage（ A ）6. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Japan enjoys a comparative advantage over France in steel relative to bicycles” is equivalent to （相当于）: a. France having a comparative adv

9、antage （比较优势） over Japan in bicycles relative to steelb. France having a comparative disadvantage e（比较劣势） over Japan in bicycles relative to steel c. Japan having a comparative advantage over France in steel and bicyclesd. Japan having a comparative disadvantage against Japan in bicycles and steel（

10、B ）7. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium （n. 均衡） where a community indifference curve（社会无差异曲线， CIC）: a. Lies above its production possibilities curve b. Is tangent （adj. 正切的； 相切的） to its production possibilities curve （生产可能性曲线， PPC）c. Intersects （v. 相交，交叉） its production possibiliti

11、es curve d. Lies below its production possibilities curve（ C ）8. The gains from international trade increase as: a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities scheduleb. A nation consumes along （prep. 沿着） its production possibilities schedulec. The international terms of trade rises ab

12、ove the nations autarky （n. 自给自足） priced. The international terms of trade approaches （v. 接近，靠近） the nations autarky price（ B ）9. “The equilibrium relative commodity price at which trade takes place is determined by the conditions of demand and supply for each commodity in both nations. Other things

13、 being equal, the nation with the more intense （adj. 强烈的） demand for the other nations exported good will gain less from trade than the nation with the less intense demand.” This statement was first proposed（v. 提出） by: a. Alfred Marshall with offer curve （提供曲线） analysisb. John Stuart Mill with the t

14、heory of reciprocal demand （相互需求理论）c. Adam Smith with the theory of absolute advantaged. David Ricardo with the theory of comparative advantage（ B ）10. Given a two-country and two-product world, the United States would enjoy all the attainable（adj.可得到的） gains from free trade with Canada if it: a. Tr

15、ades at the U.S. rate of transformationb. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformationc. Specializes completely （完全专业化） in the production of both goodsd. Specializes partially （部分专业化） in the production of both goods（ B ）11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will: a. I

16、mprove （v. 改善） the terms of trade （贸易条件，TOT） b. Worsen （v. 恶化） the terms of tradec. Expand the production possibilities curve （生产可能性曲线）d. Contract （v. 收缩） the production possibilities curveTRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS（ F ）1. In an open trading system, a country will import those commodities that it produces

17、 at relatively low cost while exporting commodities that can be produced at relatively high cost. Correct：import those commodities that it produces at relatively high while exporting commodities that can be produced at relatively high cost（ T ）2.The mercantilists （n. 重商主义者） contended （v. 认为） that be

18、cause one nations gains from trade come at the expense of （在损失.的情况下） its trading partners （贸易伙伴）, not all nations could simultaneously （adv. 同时） realize gains from trade. （ F ）3.According to the price-specie-flow doctrine （价格-铸币-流动学说）, a trade-surplus nation （贸易顺差国）would experience gold outflows, a

19、decrease in its money supply, and a fall in its price level. Correct：a trade-surplus nation would experience gold inflows, an increase in its money supply, and a rise in its price level.（ F ）4.If a countrys terms of trade worsen （v. 恶化）, it must exchange fewer exports for a given amount of imports.

20、Correct：If a countrys terms of trade worsen, it must exchange more exports for a given amount of imports.（ F ）5.The principle of absolute advantage asserts （v. 认为） that mutually beneficial trade （互利贸易） can occur even if one nation is absolutely more efficient in the production of all goods. Correct：

21、he principle of comparative advantage asserts that mutually beneficial trade can occur even if one nation is absolutely more efficient in the production of all goods.（ T ）6.Assume（假设） that Germany has higher labor productivity and higher wage levels than France. Germany can produce a commodity more

22、cheaply than France if its productivity differential more than offsets （v. 抵消） its wage differential （工资差异）. （ F ）7.The price-specie-flow mechanism （价格-铸币-流动机制） illustrated （v. 表明） why one nations gains from trade were accompanied （v. 伴随） by another countrys losses. Correct：The price-specie-flow mec

23、hanism illustrated a favorable trade balance was possible only in the short run, for over time it would automatically be eliminated.（ T ）8.It is possible for a nation not to have an absolute advantage in anything; but it is not possible for one nation to have a comparative advantage in everything an

24、d the other nation to have a comparative advantage in nothing. 一个国家可能在所有商品的生产上都没有绝对优势，但不可能一个国家在任何一种商品的生产上都具有比较优势，而其他国家在所有商品的生产上都处于相对劣势。（ F ）9.With increasing opportunity costs （机会成本递增）, a nation totally specializes in （专门从事） the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage; With constant

25、 opportunity costs （机会成本不变）, a nation partially（adv. 部分地） specializes in the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage. Correct：With constant opportunity costs, a nation totally specializes in the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage; With increasing opportunity co

26、sts, a nation partially specializes in the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage. （ T ）10.The mercantilists （n. 重商主义者） were also attacked for their static view of the world economy. To the mercantilists, the worlds wealth was fixed. This meant that one nations gains from trade cam

27、e at the expense of （在损失的情况下） its trading partners; not all nations could simultaneously （adv. 同时，一齐） enjoy the benefits of international trade（ T ）11.If productivity in the German computer industry grows faster than it does in the Japanese computer industry, the opportunity cost of each computer produced in Japan increases relative to the opportunity cost of a computer produced in Germany. （ F ）12.Adam Smith co