形容词和副词的比较等级详解

1、形容词和副词的比较等级详解(适合初、高中使用)大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级，即原形。比较级，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思。最高级，表示最”的意思。一、原级的构成和用法1构成：形容词和副词的原级形式是形容词和副词的原形。2、用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“ as+原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构；表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as) +原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的 若干倍时,用“倍 数+ as+原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构。例如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu.This building looks n

2、ot so (as) high as that one.Mr. Sun speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.二、比较级和最高级的构成和用法(一) 比较级和最高级的构成：1单音节形容词以及少数以-er,-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er” , “ est”。例如：原级比较级最咼级greatgreatergreatestn arrown arrowern arrowestfastfasterfastestclevercleverercleverest2、以e结尾的单音节形容词

3、和副词后以及少数以-ble, -ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“r” , “st”。例如：原级比较级最咼级largelargerlargestableablerablestsimplesimplersimplest3、以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er”，“est”。例如：原级比较级最咼级hothotterhottest4、以辅音字母加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词，要将 y改为i，再加“ er” , “est”。例如：原级比较级最咼级easyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliesthapp

4、yhappierhappiest5、一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。例如：原级比较级最咼级beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulcarefullymore carefullymost carefully6、少数单音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如：原级比较级最咼级tiredmore tiredmost tiredpleasedmore pleasedmost pleased7、下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法。原级比较级最咼级cruelcruelercruelestmore cruelmos

5、t crueloftenofte nerofte nestmore ofte nmost ofte nstrictstricterstrictestmore strictmost strictfrien dlyfrien dlierfrie ndliestmore frie ndlymost frie ndly8、下列形容词、畐恫的比较级和最高级的构成不规则。原级比较级最咼级good, well两好betterbestbad, ill两坏worseworstmany, much两多moremostlittle一少lessleastfar一远fartherfarthestfurtherfurth

6、estold.-4y.老elder/oldereldest/oldest（二）比较级的用法1双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+ than ”的结构表示。例如： This pen is better than that one.2、 表示一方不及另一方时，用less+原级+ than ”的结构表示。例如： This room is less beautiful than that one.3、 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前 加表示程度的状语，女口： even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far

7、等修饰。例如： He works even harder than before.【注意】英语的比较级前如无even, still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用较”或一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。例如：She is better than she was yesterday 她比昨天好些了。Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。【注意】by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如放在前面，应在二者中 间加“ the”。例如： He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the

8、taller of the two brothers.4、 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级（主语+谓语），the +比较级（主语+谓语）”的 结构。例如： The harder he works, the happier he feels.5、 不与其它事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+ and +比较级”的结构。例如： The weather is getting colder and colder .The girl becomes more and more beautiful .6、 某些以 -or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than。（这些词

9、有 inferior, superior, junior, senior, prior 等）例如： He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.7、 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those) one (ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger th

10、an one made of wood.8、表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型： A is three ( four, etc)times the size ( height, length, width, etc) of B.例如：The new building is four times the size ( the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍)。 A is three ( four, etc.)times as big( high, long, wide, etc.) as B.例如：Asia is f

11、our times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。) A is three ( four, etc.)times bigger ( higher, l on ger, wider, etc) tha n B .例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大。)用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或double.(三) 最高级的用法1三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用the +最高级

12、”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.2、 最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like 等词语所 修饰。例如： This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the bigg

13、est.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?3、 表示最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。4、形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。例如：He is the tallest (boy) in his class.5、作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如： Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.【常用结构补充】一、形容词比较级的用法用法1、形容词比较级常用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较，用以说明

14、“前者比后者更”，构成形式多为主语+谓语+比较级+tha n+对比成分”。例如：He has shorter hair than Sam他的头发比萨姆的短。Im smarter than Yuan Li .我比袁丽聪明。用法2、“比较级+and+比较级”或“ more and more +原级(多音节和部分双音节形容词)”意为“越来越”。例如： Spring is coming, and days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger .春天来了，白天越来越长了。The little girl is more and more beautiful .这个小女孩越来越

15、漂亮。用法3、“ the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”意为“越就越”。例如：The harder you study, the better grades you will get.学习越努力，你得到的成绩就越好。用法4、“ the+比较级+of the two ”结构，表示“是两者中更的一个”时，定冠词the不可少。例如：Liu Li is the taller of the two .刘丽是这两个人中较高的。用法5、“形容词比较级+than any other+名词单数”，表示“比任何都”，常用于同一类人或物在某一范围内进行比较时。例如： Wuxi is more beautifu

16、l than any other city in China.无锡比中国的任何一个城市都漂亮。用法6、Which （What/Who ） +be+形容词比较级，A or B?,表示对两个人或事物进行对比，并进行选择。例如： Which is better, the red one or the blue one?这个红的和蓝的哪个更好。用法7、表示“大几岁、高多少”等时，常用“ 数词+名词+比较级+than”句型。例如：She is three years older than I.她比我大三岁。用法8、“名词+介词短语+be+比较级+than+that （those） +介词短语”。例如：T

17、he weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Shanghai.北京的天气比上海热。【重点】比较级之前，有时可以用much, a little, a bit, far, a lot, even, still等词来修饰，用以加强语气。例如：She is a little fatter than me.她比我稍胖点。【注意】1比较的对象必须一致，但不重复。例如：我的花比你的漂亮。（正确）My flower is nicer tha n yours.（错误）My flower is nicer tha n you.2、比较的双方必须在同一范围内。例如：上海

18、比中国其他的城市大。Shan ghai is bigger tha n any other cityin China.如不在同一范围内比较，则不用 other.例如：上海比日本的任一城市都大。Shan ghai is bigger tha n any city in Japa n.3、原级与比较级的互换。例如：She is not as old as I.=She is younger than I.=I older than she.她不如我大。（她比我小/我比她大。）二、形容词最高级的常用句型结构1主语+ be+ the +序数词（如second）+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in短语，意

19、为“第几（长，大远）”。例如：Yellow River is the seco nd Ion gest river in Chi na.黄河是中国第二大长河。2、 “主语+ be+ one of + the +形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”，表示“是最之一”。例如：The Changjiang River is one of the Iongest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China.造纸术是古老的中国最伟大的发明之一。3、

20、形容词最高级可用在选择疑问句中，常用句型“特殊疑问词+ be + the +最高级，A, B or C ?”例如： Who is the tallest, Tom, Jim or John?汤姆、吉姆和约翰谁最高？Which city is the biggest, Beiji ng, Sha nghai or Lin yi? 哪个城市最大，北京、上海还是临沂？4、 the +形容词最高级+可数名词单数+of （in）短语，相当于“比较级+ than any other +可数名词单数” 例如：Lin Tao is the tallest student in our class.=Lin T

21、ao is taller than any other student in our class. 林涛是我们班 最高的学生。5、 当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时，最高级前的定冠词the省略。例如：Linda is my sister best friend.琳达是我妹妹最好的朋友。6、 形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，意为“最”，其前通常要加the。在最高级的句子中常含有表示比较范围的介词in短语或of短语；of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词；in后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词。介词短语一般放在形容词最高级之后。例如：The seats

22、in the middle of the cinema are the best of all .电影院中间的座位是最好的。Lin Ho ng is the cleverest stude nt in our class .林鸿是我们班最聪明的学生。有时为了强调，也可以把表示比较范围的介词短语放在句首。例如：Of all of them , the moon is the nearest to the earth.在它们当中，月球离地球最近。三、几个常见形容词比较级的用法1 more，意为“更多的”，是many和much的比较级。 more作many的比较级时，与可数名词复数连用，其反义词是f

23、ewer。例如：I have more books than you.我的书比你的多。 more作much的比较级时，与不可数名词连用，其反义词是less。例如：We will try our best to do the work with less money and fewer people.我们尽力用更少的钱和人做这项工 作。2、 less，意为“较少的，更少的”，是little的比较级，其后跟 不可数名词。例如：I th ink there will be less free time in the future.我认为在将来空闲时间将会更少。3、 fewer，意为更少的”，是few

24、的比较级，只修饰 可数名词的复数形式。例如：We should use fewer plastic bags to protect our environment.我们应该少用塑料袋来保护我们的环境。【经典例题】1、 I think the blue shirt looks better on you than the red one.A. quiteB. moreC. muchD. very答案为C。析：形容词比较级前可加much，a lot, a little, a bit, far等表示程度的副词。2、 Taking buses in Beijing is than taking tax

25、ies.A. more cheaper B. much cheaper C. less cheaper.答案为B。3、He doesn play the violin so as his father.A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best答案为C。析：asas意为和一样” ，as和as中间接形容词或副词的原级，其否定形式是not as/soas意为“不如，和不一样”。所以本题中只能选择原级，故排除B和D,并且本题需要一个副词修饰动词play,即“ play the violin well”, “小提琴拉得好”。所以选C。4、 Listening is just as a

26、s speaking in Ianguage learning.A. importa ntB. more importa ntC. most importa ntD. the most importa nt答案为A。5、 Many Chinese students think scienee subjects are foreign Ianguages.A. more difficult as B. less difficult tha nC. much difficult tha nD. so difficult as答案为B。析：difficult的比较级不能简单地在后面加-er；应用“

27、more difficult ”或“ less difficult ”表示。6、 Zhao Benshan is actor I have known. I can help laughing when I watch him perform on TV.A. the most expe nsive B. the funni estC. the warmest D. the fastest答案为B。析：句意为“赵本山是我知道的最滑稽的演员”。由句意可知，此题选B。7、 Lucy didn tmake any mistakes in the math exam. She is than any

28、other student .A. the most careful B. more careless C. more careful D. much careful答案为C。析：同一类人或物在某一范围内进行比较时，常用“形容词比较级+than any other +名词单数”句式。8、一 Why don you like win ter in Beiji ng?Because it is win ter in Guan gzhou.A. as cold asB. much colder tha nC. not so cold as D. not colder tha n答案为B。析：根据句意

29、和常识可知，北京的冬天比广州的冬天冷，故用比较级。9、一 Dick, is Nick your twin brother?Yes, Im 1cm than him.A. more tall B. tallerC. more taller答案为B。10、Maybe bamboo has more uses than in the world.A. any pla nt B. all the pla nts C. other pla ntD. any other pla nt答案为D。析：“形容词比较级+ than+ any other+可数名词单数”相当于“the+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+

30、of (in)短语”。11、Beiji ng, the capital of Chin a, is one of cities in the world.A. the biggest B. bigger C. much bigger D. big答案为A。析：“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“最的之一”。12、一 What is your favorite sport ?Swimming, I think. It of all.A. easier B. more difficult C. the most in teresti ngD. the most bori

31、ng答案为C。析：of all “所有的”，用于最高级的句子中。13、China is developing of all the countries in the world .A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the most fast答案为C。析：由“ of all the countries in the world ”可知，此题用最高级。14、 一 Who has marks in English, Wang Lin, Zhang Fang or Li Hong ?A. goodB. better C. bestD. the best答案为D。析：三者比

32、较，用最高级。15、I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with money and people.A. less; lessB. less; moreC. more; fewerD. less; fewer答案为D。析：本句意为“我认为鲍勃是接受这个工作合适的人，因为他能用更少的钱和人把这件事做好”根据句意，“用更少和钱和人”，是比较级，less是little的比较级，后跟不可数名词，意为“较少的，更少 的”；fewer是few的比较级，只修饰可数名词的复数，意为

33、“更少的”。16、一 Let s buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers Day. Why not make some by hand? It much .A. in teresti ngB. more in terest ingC. the most i nterest ing答案为B。析：much, a little, even等均可修饰形容词的比较级。17、We dont have much homework now and our schoolbags are they used to be.A. as heavy as B. not a

34、s heavy as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as答案为B。析：asas中间用形容词或副词的原级，且not asas意为“不如”。18、Who has oranges, Jim or Tom ?A. few B. fewerC. fewestD. the fewest答案为B。两者之间比较，用比较级。19、 Which is season in Beijing?I thi nk it s autu mn.A. goodB. better C. bestD. the best答案为D。一年有四个季节，符合三者或三者以上比较，用最高级。20、 Of t

35、he two Australian students, Masha isone. I think you can find her easilyA. tallestB. the tallerC. tallerD. the tallest答案为B。析：表示两者中的比较常用the +比较级+of the two.句型。要记住这一特殊句型的用法。特别是比较级前有定冠词 the。21、I ll work I can.A. so hardly asB. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as答案为 D。析：hard可用作形容词和副词，如：The desk was made of hard wood.又如：It is raininghard。而hardly是副词，其词义是“几乎不”，如：Hardly did I sleep last night.我昨晚几乎没有睡觉。而 且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。asas即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但soas则只能用于否定句中。22、The weather in China is different from.A. i n America B. one in America C. America D. that in America答案为D。析：比较的是天