大学四级-1198

1、大学四级 -1198（总分： 711.01 ，做题时间： 90 分钟）一、Part Writing （总题数： 1，分数： 106.00）1.1 有的大学生有很强的责任意识，有的却连最基本的责任感都没有； 2大学生肩负些哪责任； 3大学阶段是大学生成长的重要阶段，呼吁大学生加强责任感。（分数： 106.00 ） 正确答案： （高分作文 Our times witness a striking differencebetween two groups of college students: those who beara strong sense of responsibility and t

2、hose without even a slightest one.Perhaps some are still wondering-what obligations are undergraduates supposed to take? Obviously, all adult citizens should be responsible for themselves, their families, their societies and their nations. Weu niversity students are no exception. Besides, we are exp

3、ected to be responsible for the institution where we are being educated.Years at college are the most important period in a persons growth, when we acquire knowledge and find our roles in life, so we must enhance our obligation sense at this crucial moment in order to fulfill our duties well as indi

4、viduals and members of our families, our schools, our society and our country.） 解析： 评析 本文开头段只用了一句话就说明了提纲中的差距：有的大学生有很强的责任意识，有的却连最基本的责任 感都没有。其中动词 witness 的拟人法使用、短语 a striking difference（ 显著的不同 ） 、strong 与 slightest 形成的强烈对比以及 responsibility 和 one实虚词结合，都是亮点表达。而两类人的定语分别使用了定语 从句 who bear a strong sense of

5、 responsibility和介词短语 without even a slightest one，体现了句型的变化多样。第二段虽然不长，但是段首过渡句 Perhaps some are still wondering-what obligations are undergraduates supposed to take? 的使用，承上启下，十分自然地引出段落主题：大学生肩负哪些责任。 随后给出四个答案：成年公民都应该承担自我责任、家庭责任、社会责任、国家责任。大学生也不例外。 而为了突出大学生和一般成年公民的区别，还用 Besides 补充了“学校责任”。 尾段强调了大学时期在人生中的重要

6、性，并呼吁为了很好地履行我们作为个人以及家庭、学校、社会、国 家的成员的职责，我们要加强责任感的培养，呼应第二段。全文以主人公的形象论述，有说服力。二、Part Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） （总题数： 1，分数： 70.00）Communication Skills-Start Here !Why you need to get your message acrossEffective communication is all about conveying your messages to other people clearl

7、y and unambiguously. Its also about receiving information that others are sending to you, with as little distortion as possible.Doing this involves effort from both the sender of the message and the receiver. And its a process that can be fraught （充满） with error, with messages muddled by the sender,

8、 or misinterpretedby the recipient. When this isnt detected, it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity. In fact, communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information as a result of the communication. By successfully gett

9、ing your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively.Whenn ot successful, the thoughts and ideas that you actually send do not necessarily reflect what you think, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of your goals-both personally and pro

10、fessionally.In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing managers. The survey, conducted by the University of Pittsburghs Katz Business School, points out that communication sk

11、ills, including written and oral presentations, as well as an ability to work with others, are the main factor contributing to job success.In spite of the increasing importance placed on communication skills, many individuals continueto struggle, unable to communicate their thoughts and ideas effect

12、ively-whether in verbal or written format. This inability makes it nearly impossible for them to compete effectively in the workplace, and stands in the way of career progression.Being able to communicate effectively is therefore essential if you want to build a successful career. To do this, you mu

13、st understand what your message is, what audience you are sending it to, and how it will be perceived. You must also weigh-in the circumstances surrounding your communications, such as situational and cultural context.Communication Skills-The Importance of Removing BarriersProblems with communicatio

14、n can pop-up at every stage of the communication process (which consists of the sender, encoding, the channel, decoding, the receiver, feedback and the context-see the diagram below). At each stage, there is the potential for misunderstanding and confusion.To be an effective communicator and to get

15、your point across without misunderstanding and confusion, your goal should be to lessen the frequency of problems at each stage of this process, with clear, concise, accurate, well-planned communications. We follow the process through below:Source.As the source of the message, you need to be clear a

16、bout why youre communicating, and what you want to communicate. You also need to be confident that the information youre communicating is useful and accurate.Message.The message is the information that you want to communicate.Encoding.This is the process of transferring the information you want to c

17、ommunicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the other end. Your success in encoding depends partly on your ability to convey information clearly and simply, but also on your ability to anticipate and eliminate sources of confusion (for example, cultural issues, mistaken assumpti

18、ons, and missing information. )A key part of this is knowing your audience: Failure to understand who you are communicating with will result in delivering messages that are misunderstood.Channel.Messages are conveyed through channels, with verbal channels including face-to-face meetings, telephone a

19、nd videoconferencing; and written channels including letters, emails, memos and reports.Different channels have different strengths and weaknesses. For example, its not particularly effective to give a long list of directions verbally, while youll quickly cause problems if you give someone negative

20、feedback using email.Decoding.Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is successful decoding (involving, for example, taking the time to read a message carefully, or listen actively to it. ) Just as confusion can arise from errors in encoding, it can also arise from decoding errors. This is parti

21、cularly the caseif the decoder doesnt have enough knowledge to understand the message.Receiver.Your message is delivered to individualmembers of your audience. No doubt, you have in mind theactions or reactions you hope your message will get from this audience. Keep in mind, though, that each of the

22、se individuals enters into the communication process with ideas and feelings that will undoubtedly influence their understanding of your message, and their response. To be a successful communicator, you should consider these before delivering your message, and act appropriately.Feedback.Your audienc

23、e will provide you with feedback, as verbal and nonverbal reactions to your communicated message. Pay close attention to this feedback, as it is the only thing that can give you confidence that your audience has understood your message. If you find that there has been a misunderstanding, at least yo

24、u have the opportunity to send the message a second time.Context.The situation in which your message is delivered is the context. This may include the surrounding environment or broader culture (corporate culture, international cultures, and so on ).Removing Barriers at All These StagesTo deliver yo

25、ur messages effectively, you must commit to breaking down the barriers that exist within each of these stages of the communication process. Lets begin with the message itself. If your message is too lengthy, disorganized, or contains errors, you can expect the message to be misunderstood and misinte

26、rpreted. Use of poor verbal and body language can also confuse the message.Barriers in context tend to stem from senders offering too much information too fast. When in doubt here, less is oftentimes more. It is best to be mindful of the demands on other peoples time, especially in todays ultra-busy

27、 society.Once you understand this, you need to work to understand your audiences culture, malting sure you can converse and deliver your message to people of different backgrounds and cultures within your own organization, in your country and even abroad.(分数： 70.00 )(1) .What is one of the findings

28、of the survey conducted by Katz Business School?(分数： 7.00 )A. Superiors tend to be better communicators than their inferiors.B. Poor communication skills can cause a loss of confidence.C. Communication skills are crucial to ones professional success.D. Modern businesses are in great need of efficien

29、t managers.解析： 定位 根据题干中的 Katz Business School 查找到第一个次标题下第三段尾句。 解析 原文的 main factor contributing to job success 对应选项 C 中的 crucial to ones professional success.(2) .The author tells us that to communicate effectively,we must understand . (分数： 7.00 )A. our audience and the situation we are inB. the targ

30、et language and facial expressionsC. both sign languages and verbal languagesD. the most direct way to deliver a message 解析： 定位 根据题干中的 communicate effectively, must understand查找到第一个次标题下尾段。 解析 尾句中提到了 3 个因素： message, audience 和 circumstances ， A 中涉及这些因素。(3) .How can people get across their points with

31、out misunderstanding and confusion? (分数： 7.00 )A. By using the simplest words and sentence structures in communication.B. By reducing the frequency of problems in the communicating process.C. By making vivid comparisons and giving as many examples as possible.D. By providing the listeners as much ba

32、ckground information as possible.解析： 定位 根据题干中的 get across their points without misunderstanding and confusion 查找 到第二个次标题下第二段。对应 at each stage of 解析 选项 B 中的 reducing 对应原文的 lessen, in the communicating process this process 。(4) .The source of a message should make sure that the provided information is

33、 . (分数：7.00 )A. abundantB. timelyC. first-handD. errorless 解析： 定位 根据题干中的 source, information查找到第一个三级标题 Source 下第二句。 解析 D 中的 errorless 是原文 accurate 的同义词。(5) .Encoding is the process of a form that can be correctly decoded by the receiver.(分数：7.00 )A. converting information into B. transmitting signal

34、s inC. classifying messages intoD. digitalizing information in查找到第三个三级标题分数： 7.00 )解析： 定位 根据题干中的 Encoding, a form that can be correctly decoded Encoding 下首句。 解析 选项 A 中的 convening 是原文中 transferring 的同义词。(6) .In which of the following ways will one most probably cause trouble?A. Making faces in telepho

35、ne conferences.B. Giving negative replies in email.C. Talking for a long time face to face.D. Writing a memo in a formal way.解析： 定位 根据题干中的 ways, cause trouble 查找到第四个三级标题 Channel 下第二段尾句 解析 B 基本上是原词的再现。 replies 为原文 feedback 的近义词。分数： 7.00 )(7) .The reactions of receivers to a message may vary owing to

36、A. their different abilities to encodeB. their different communication skillsC. their different ideas and feelingsD. their different relationships解析： 定位 根据题干中的 reactions of receivers, vary查找到第六个三级标题 Receiver 下第二句和第三句。 解析 C 中的名词 ideas and feelings为原文原词。(8) .Effective communication means not only othe

37、r people clearly but also receivinginformation as accurately as possible.(分数： 7.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： conveying your messages to )解析： 定位 根据题干中的 Effective communication, receiving information确定此题信息源为文章首句。 解析 题干中的 means 对应原文的 is ，可以将后面的原文原词作为答案。(9) .Pay close attention to your audiences feedback so as to

38、when necessary. (分数： 7.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： send the message a second time )解析： 定位 根据题干中的 Pay close attention to your audiences feedback，查找到第七个三级标题 Feedback 下第二句。 解析 第二句是祈使句，这样建议的原因在第三句进行了解释，答案为原文最后的不定式短语。（10）.The author suggests that in todays society to remove communicative barriers.（分数： 7.00 ）填空项 1:

39、 （正确答案： less information be offered）解析： 定位 根据题干中的 in todays society to remove communicative barriers ，查找到最后一个 二级标题 Removing Barriers at All These Stages下第二段。 解析 题目要求用 should 型的虚拟语气作答，总结该段前两句，应为less information be offered。三、Part Listening Comprehension （ 总题数： 0，分数： 0.00）四、Section A （ 总题数： 4，分数： 105.0

40、0）（分数： 35.00 ）A. A railway porter.B. A bus conductor.C. A taxi driver.D. A postal clerk. 解析： 听力原文 W: Excuse me, sir. Im going to send this parcel to London. Whats the postage for it?M: Let me see. Its one pound and fifty.Q: Who is the woman most probably speaking to? 解析 本题出现了几个明显有职业场所特征的词parcel 和 po

41、stage ，由此可以判断对话场所是在邮局，女士在咨询往伦敦邮寄包裹需要多少钱，她询问的人一定是邮局的工作人员 （postal clerk） 。A. Her hairstyle is very beautiful.B. Her hairstyle is not nice.C. The hairstyle really changes her appearance. D. The woman has a sense of style. 解析： 听力原文 M: I didnt notice youd changed your hairstyle.W: Not very observant, are

42、 you? Some people told me they couldnt even recognize me.Q: What does the woman imply? 解析 此对话的主题是女士的发型。重点在女士的话，她说她换了发型之后有些人说都认不出她来了，言 外之意就是她的发型使她外貌变化很大。从对话的内容不能判断A、B 是否正确， D是无关选项。A. Jane is looking for a summer job.B. Jane is packing for the summer vacation.C. Jane is on her way home.D. Jane is eage

43、r to go home for the vacation.解析： 听力原文 M: Is Jane looking forward to going home for this summer?W: She is counting the days.Q: What does the woman imply? 解析 counting the days 通俗地讲就是“掰着指头数日子”， 意即“盼望、 渴望”。 对话没有提到 summer job ，A 不对；也没有提到收拾行李或 Jane 已经上路，所以 B、C也不对。A. The chocolate cookie tastes terrible.B

44、. The chocolate cookie is very delicious.C. Jack will never make such cookies.D. He got the only one in this world.解析： 听力原文 W: Have you tried Jacks chocolate chip cookies?M: I managed to get the last one. It was out of this world.Q: What does the man mean? 解析 out of this world是个习语，表示“非常好”， cookies 很

45、好吃，即 delicious 。A. He has never felt good in his life.B. The Yoga has improved his health.C. He is unhappy about his life.D. He is thinking of taking a Yoga exercise.解析： 听力原文 W：You look great since youve been taking the Yoga exercise.M: Thanks! Ive never felt better in my life.Q: What does the man i

46、mply? 解析 Ive never felt better in my life和寒暄常用语 couldnt be better 意思差不多，即表明现在的健康状况非常好。男士这样回答是对女士观点you look great since youve been taking the Yogaexercise 的赞同，由此引申出瑜伽改善了男士的健康。A、C对男士的话理解有误。(分数： 21.00 )A. The train is delayed.B. The train has left.C. The train leaves three times a day.D. Someone gave t

47、he woman wrong information. 解析： 听力原文 W: I thought there was still time for me to catch the train to New York. But someone told me it left an hour ago.M: Are you sure? I thought it leaves at three. Wait, Ive got a schedule here. Gosh, you still may be able to catch it.Q: What does the man imply? 解析 本

48、题对话信息较多，需要进行一定的推理，难度稍大。女士说她本以为自己能赶上去纽约的火车， 但有人告诉她火车一小时之前就开走了。男士对女士的话表示怀疑(are you sure?) ，男士说他认为火车 3点才开，接着拿出列车时刻表查看，最后告诉女士她还能赶上这趟车。且不管火车是否是 3 点离开，根据 男士的话，我们可以确定的是女士仍然能赶上火车，这就说明某人告诉女士火车一小时之前已经开走的信 息是错误的。A. Go to watch the baseball match.B. Drive to work.C. Try to fix the car.D. Stop working and have s

49、ome rest.解析： 听力原文 M: I think Ill go and watch the baseball game today.W: But I thought you were going to work on the car.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do? 解析 女士的建议提得很含蓄，她用“我还以为你要修车呢(but I thought you were going to work onthe car) ”来提醒男士他应该修车，而不是去看比赛。work on the car 是 fix the car 的口语化表达

50、。A. She can only make it on Sunday.B. She doesnt like volleyball.C. She doesnt want to play volleyball on Sunday. D. She will try to make it on Sunday.解析： 听力原文 M: Hello, I wonder if we could change the time for volleyball to Sunday.W: Is that the only time you can make it?Q: What call be inferred ab

51、out the woman? 解析 男士提出想将打排球的时间调换到星期天，女士问“你就只有这一天能打排球吗?”其实是间接告诉男士星期天这个时间对她不合适，希望男士改其他时候。A 正好与原意相反； B 属无关， D错在 try 。Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.(分数： 28.00 )A. The guided tours.B. University Bo

52、oks. C. The Student Federation.D. A volunteer group.解析： 听力原文 19-22M: Hello, University Books. Tim Weber speaking.W: Hi, Tim, this is Ruth.M: Oh, hi, Ruth, Whats up?W: Well, the Student Federation needs a couple of volunteers to give guided tours to the new students next week. Would you be able to he

53、lp out?M: That depends on the days you have in mind. Im working here full-time before classes begin.Its really busy now, with all the textbook orders coming in, but I do have some time off.W: What about Saturday-? Most new students arrive on the weekend.M: Sorry, I have to work all day Saturday. How

54、 about Thursday and Friday? Ive got both mornings free.W: I dont have the schedule on me. Kens got it. Maybe you ean set something up with him.M: Ill only be able to spare a couple of hours, though.W: No problem. Ill ask Ken to get in touch with you later today. Will you be at this number?M: Yeah, t

55、ill four. Look, Ive got to go. I have to get all the orders out before I leave today. W: OK, thanks, Tim. Bye.19. Where does Tim work? 解析 浏览选项时如果发现第一题选项为机构组织名称的短选项，听音时要高度注意对话开头部分，因为 接电话的人一般拿起电话就会自报姓名，如果是单位电话还会向对方通报公司名称，这种题目非常容易漏 听答案。 C项和 D项都是 Ruth 服务的地方， guided tours 是他们组织的一次活动，只有 B 项正确。A. To find o

56、ut if the books she ordered are in.B. To ask him to attend a Student Federation meeting.C. To get his schedule of classes for next term.D. To see if he has time to welcome the new students.解析： 听力原文 Why does Ruth call Tim? 解析 本题为细节题， 从 to do 结构可判断问题和说话人的目的有关。 Ruth 在 Student Federation 服务， 她们将举行欢迎新生的活

57、动，想邀请 Tim 当志愿者， D项中的 welcome the new students 其实就是 to give guided tours to the new students比较慨括的表达法。A. Take the place of Ruth as a tour guide.B. Ask Ken if he will be at the activity.C. Help out when he is free.D. Leave work early if he can.解析： 听力原文 What does Tim offer to do? 解析 对话的主题是当志愿者， Tim 非常乐意参与这项活动，但在具体时间方面还要商榷。他提出“ How about Thursda y and Friday? Ive got both mornings free.”A. Tomorrow evening.B. 5