高考英语语法专题——专题2代词

1、1.(2017全国卷，67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _ every day.答案：itit在这里指代句子的主语the railway。2.(2017浙江高考，59)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _ (I)，” says Pa

2、hlsson.答案：myself由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词作宾语。3.(2016全国卷，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.答案：its根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用物主代词作定语。4.(2016浙江高考，3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in th

3、e UK.答案：that句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。5.(2015浙江高考，12)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？答案：it句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？固定表达how would yo

4、u like it if .，在此结构中it作形式宾语代替后面if从句的内容。6.(2015重庆高考，2)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.答案：nobody句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody “没有人”符合句意。7.(2015陕西高考，13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.答案：other句

5、意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示“两者中另一个”，用the other .。8.(2015四川高考，10)Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.答案：none句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。表示三者或三者以上的否定用none，可指人也可指物。9.(2015福建高考，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any use

6、ful suggestions.答案：neither句意：这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告，但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据句意，表示“两者都不”，用neither。10.(2017全国卷，短文改错)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days._答案：yourmy根据前半句This picture often brings back to me可知应将your改为my。一、代词的分类代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代

7、词等。二、重要代词的用法1人称代词的指代问题(1)不定代词anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, him代替。如Nobody knows it, does he?(2)人称代词并列的排列顺序。单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称第三人称第一人称。 You, he and I are fond of music. 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称。 We, you and they are all good citizens

8、.2物主代词表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在名词前作定语；名词性物主代词作句子的主语、宾语和表语。Mr Wang is my English teacher. (定语) Whose mobile phone is this? Its mine. (表语)Ive finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (宾语)3.反身代词反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。(1)有些动词如dress, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, intr

9、oduce, behave等常用反身代词作宾语，表示动作回到执行者本身。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fruit.I could not dress (myself) up at that time.Please allow me to introduce myself first.(2)如果不是表示强调， but, except, for等介词后的宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。No one but myself/me is hurt.4指示代词常用的有this, that,

10、these, those, such, so, the same等。具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。(1)指示代词this和that的区别 this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. Thats why he didnt come.注意：在口语中，this和that可用作副词来修饰形容词，以表示程度。I didnt realize it was going to

11、be this far. (as far as this) If your friend is that clever, why isnt he rich? (2)such用法such一般在句中作定语和主语；在作定语时，它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词a(n)应放在such之后；而such在与不定代词no, some, any, several, many, little, few, all等连用时，放在它们的后面。Such a great number of people died because the earthquake happened while they were sleeping.B

12、elieve it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(3)so的用法动词think, say, hear, do, hope, believe, expect, fear, be afraid等后，常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况。The new English teacher is very strict.Yes, I think so.Will it be fine tomorrow? I hope so.注意：so还可以用于以下句型中作替代词：so助动词/情态动词/连系动词主语so主语助动词/情态动词/连系动词主语助动

13、词/情态动词/连系动词soShe bought a computer.So did I.He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow.So he will.The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so.(4)the same . as “与一样的”(不是同一个)；the same . that (指同一个)This is the same watch as I lost. (相似的，但不是同一块手表)This is the same watch that I lost.(是丢失的那块手表)5

14、常用不定代词用法辨析(1)some, any, one和it (2)another, other, the other, others, the others的用法 (3)all, both, either, each, neither和every的用法 (4)none, no one, nothing与no的用法none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what引导的疑问句。How many students are

15、there in the classroom now? None.Who is in the classroom? No one./Nobody.none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing; someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。nonot any，在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。There is no water on the moon. (定语) None of them knows the story. (主语)I know none of them. (

16、宾语)(5)few, a few, little与a little的用法6it的用法(1)it作形式主语或宾语：it作形式主语或宾语时， 真正的主语或宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由that引导的主语或宾语从句，把真正的主语或宾语移到句后。It is a good habit to do morning exercises.It is a pity that you didnt see such a good film.(2)it用于强调句型：Itis/was被强调的部分that/who其他。It is Professor Wang that/who teaches us English ev

17、ery Monday afternoon.(3)it引起的几个易混时间句型。Itbe时间段sinceclause，“自从以来已多久了”。在“It is/has been . since .”句型中，注意：since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，则主句动作或状态自该终止性动词动作开始时算起；若since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则主句动作或所表示的状态自该延续性动词动作结束时开始。It is three years since she left Beijing. It is three years since she lived in Beijing.Itbe时间段beforeclause，主句

18、中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才”；主句中的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多久就”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. It was long before the police arrived.It will be hours before he makes a decision.Itbe时间when从句，主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的

19、，主句是will be, when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。It was already 8 oclock when we got home. It was the next morning when we finished our work. It will be midnight when they get there.单句语法填空1Music should be taught routinely in schools because of the benefits _ can have on the development of the brains of young children

20、.答案：it句意：音乐应该成为学校的常规的教学科目，因为音乐对青少年智力的开发大有裨益。it 指代句中的名词music。benefits后是一个省略关系代词that/which的定语从句。2We sang songs and played games with the old people and had tea together. Some of _ were in poor health and were very unhappy.答案：them句意：他们中的一些人身体状况不好，也不幸福。them指代the old people，作介词of的宾语。3The difference betwe

21、en a man who succeeds and _ who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities.答案：one这里要用one代指前面的a man，以避免重复。4It is said that police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and _ of another motorist.答案：that句意：据说，警察追踪着一则报道到了现场，当时她的车和另一辆车发生了碰撞。此处用t

22、hat代替前文的同类不同物的vehicle。5But I think he works too hard. I hope hell go out and enjoy _ for a change.答案：himself句意：但是我认为他工作太辛苦了。我希望他能够出去，尽情地玩乐，调节一下。根据works too hard和后面的for a change 可知，此处要用enjoy oneself “过得快活，玩得开心”。6Tom: Ill go with you.Mary：OK. _ can go there by bus.答案：We根据Ill go with you.可知，这里表示“我们可以乘坐

23、公共汽车去”。7Parents often find _ difficult to win their childrens trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young.答案：itfind it 形容词 to do sth.为固定句式，it作形式宾语。8When Kerry and Sam met again two years later, each was pleased to see _.答案：the other根据句子语境，克里和萨姆两个人相互见面，要用the other。9I know you wan

24、t to borrow money but I dont have _ at hand myself.答案：anyI dont have any即I dont have any money, any在本句中为代词，意为“一点，一些，少许”，与句意相符。10Excuse me, do you want David or Brown to do it?_ is up to the job, Im afraid.答案：Neither句意：打扰一下，你想让戴维还是布朗做这项工作呢？恐怕他们俩都不能胜任。neither表示“两者都不”，符合语境。.单句改错1The two girls are getti

25、ng on very well and share some with each other. _答案：somemuch由getting on very well (相处得很融洽)可知两人有很多共同点，故much符合语境。2 Is there anything else I can do for you, Jeff?No. Thanks. I really appreciate when you lent all your notes to me before the exam._答案：appreciate后加itit在句中作形式宾语。如I hate it when it is hot. “我

26、讨厌天气太热。”3Silly me! I forgot the color of my luggage. What about one over there?_答案：onethatone可指人或物，只替代单数可数名词，复数用ones。that只指物，不指人，可替代可数名词或不可数名词，具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西，即同类异物。这里that是代替上文的luggage，并且特指。4In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in other, knives and forks._答案：otherothersothers

27、泛指其他国家，没有范围限制。5Good families are much to all their members, but something to none._答案：somethingeverything句意：优秀的家庭对它们的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。everything to none “并不是全部/一切”。.语法填空Whether you have _1_ (interview) or meetings, your conversations are important. It cant be polite to ask _2_ (repeat) “what” when

28、you dont know what someone said just now. You dont want that person to think his _3_ (pronounce) is unclear. There are many ways to ask politely someone to repeat something. Apologize for not _4_(hear) what the person said. You can begin _5_“excuse me” or “pardon” or “sorry”. Then you could kindly s

29、ay that you did not hear or understand _6_ was said. For instance, you could say，“Im sorry,_7_ I didnt quite hear you.” You could also say，“Can you repeat that？”It can be _8_ (disappoint) when you dont hear someone clearly. But it is very important to stay clam and pleasant. And be sure to put the b

30、lame on _9_(you). That makes people feel far _10_ (comfortable) even when you cant understand them well.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍当你没有听清楚别人所说的话时，如何礼貌地请别人重复刚才说过的话。1interviews考查名词的复数。interview是可数名词，且由后面的“or meetings”可知，用所给词的复数形式。2repeatedly考查词性转换。修饰动词要用副词，repeat的副词是repeatedly。3pr

31、onunciation考查词性转换。分析句子结构，宾语从句中缺少主语，动词pronounce的名词是pronunciation。4hearing考查非谓语动词。for是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。 5with考查固定搭配。begin with “以开始，从开始”，是固定搭配。6what考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构，宾语从句中缺少主语，用what作主语，同时引导宾语从句。7but考查连词。Im sorry, but . 是一种句式，表示客气地提出异议或拒绝。8disappointing考查现在分词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，本句中主语为it，指代某一件事，即句中when连

32、接的句子表示的情形。 9yourself考查代词。一定要把责任归于你自己，用反身代词yourself。10more comfortable考查形容词的比较级。far用于比较级前起修饰作用，因comfortable是多音节形容词，其前加more构成比较级。.短文改错Dear Peter，Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home in tomorrow evening. Unfortunate, I cannot join you and your family. It is why I will be fully occupied

33、then with an important exam come the day after tomorrow. I felt terribly sorry for missing the chance of such happy gettogether. And I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possibly for you and me to have a private meeting at your convenient? If so, please dont hesitate to drop me a line about my favorite date. I do long for a pleasant chat about you. Please allow me to