出口产品运输包装标准(最终版)

1、莆 For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use莅薂 1 适用范围 Scope of application蕿本标准规定了常州西电变压器有限责任公司所生产的出口变压器产品运输包装 的总体要求、包装方式、包装箱技术要求、装箱方法、装箱流程、包装标识等主 要内容。适用于本公司经铁路、公路及海洋运输的出口产品包装。聿 The sta ndard stipulates the gen eral requireme nts which in elude pack ing way, packing technical

2、 requirements, encasement method, encasement procedure and packing identification etc. of transport package for export transformer produced by Chan gzhou XD Tran sformer Co. Ltd. It applies to export product pack ing by railway, highway and ocea n tran sportati on.肅薃2引用标准 Quoted criteria蚈下列标准所包含的条文，

3、通过在本标准中引用而构成本标准的条文。本标准出 版时，所有标准均为有效。所以标准都会被修订，标准使用方应探讨使用下列标 准最新版本的可能性。葿 Provisions contained in the following standard form the standard provision by quoting in this standard. When the standard published, all the standards are valid. All the sta ndards will be revised. Stan dard users shall explore

4、the possibility of using the latest vers ion of the followi ng criteria.GB/T 7350-1999Water-proof pack ingGB/T 155-2006Defects in logsGB/T 4823-1995Defects in swa n timber祎GB/T 7350-1999防水包装莁GB/T 155-2006原木缺陷肀GB/T 4823-1995锯材缺陷袈GB/T 9846.3-2004胶合板 第3部分：普通胶合板通用技术条件薆 GB/T 9846.3-2004 Plywood The third

5、 part: Ge neral tech ni cal con ditio ns of ordinary plywood蒂 GB/T 7284-1998框架木箱GB/T 7284-1998Frame wooden case腿 GB/T 5048-1999防潮包装 GB/T 5048-1999Damp-proof packi ng芇GB/T 6388-1986运输包装收发货标志GB/T 6388-1986 Tran sportpackage shipp ing mark芆GB/T 13384-2008机电产品包装通用技术条件蒃 GB/T 13384-2008 Ge neral tech ni c

6、al c on ditio ns of mecha ni cal a nd electrical products pack ing薁SN/T 0273-2002进出口商品运输包装木箱检验检疫规程螇 SN/T 0273-2002 Import and export goods transport packaging wooden box, in specti on and quara ntine procedures肇芁3总则General虿3.1产品包装应符合牢固、经济、合理、美观的原则。在正常的储运、装卸 条件下应保证产品自工厂发货之日起，至少两年内不因包装不善而产生残损、散失、锈蚀甚至影

7、响产品性能等现象，确保产品能安全、迅速、完整无损地到达目 的地，及时交付用户使用。膆 Packagi ng of products should accord with strong, econo mic, reas on able and beautiful principle. Under the condition of the normal storage and transportation, loadi ng and uni oadi ng shall en sure that product from the date of shipme nts, in at least two

8、 years there would not come in to damaged, lost, corrosi on eve n affect ing properties of products etc. phe nomena. To make sure the products can arrive at the destination safely, rapidly and in one piece and deliver to the customers in time.薃3.2应根据包装物品的性质、重量、外形尺寸、流通环境条件和用户要求， 选择正确的包装方式，做到包装紧凑、防护合理

9、、安全可靠。s requireme nt莂 We should choose the right modes of packing according to nature, weight, boun dary dime nsion, circulati on en vir onment con diti ons and customerof pack ing goods to make the packag ing compact, protecti on reas on able and safe and reliable.螈3.3产品必须经检验合格、组部件齐全，做好防护处理后，方可进行包装

10、。随机文件应齐全薅 The products should be qualified through inspection. The parts should be complete. The products can be packed till the protection being done well. Random file should be complete.芃3.4 包装箱的外形尺寸及重量应符合国内外运输方面的有关超限、超重的规 定。蒄 Boundary dimension and weight of packing case should be accorded with d

11、omestic and international transport regulations on overrun, overweight.膀 3.5 包装环境应清洁、干燥、无有害物质。艿 Packaging environment should be clean, dry and with no harmful substances.肄 3.6 为降低成本，有原包装的应尽量利用原包装，经修理或改装的包装箱应 符合专业包装的有关标准要求。賺In order to reduce costs, ones with the original packaging should try to use

12、the original packaging. Packing casesafter the repair or modification shall accord with the relevant standards of professional packaging requirements.芈 3.7 装箱后等待运输的包装箱特别是附件箱要求室内存放，确保包装质量不 受影响。蚈 Pack ing case waited for tran sport ing especially the accessory case is required in indoor storage to mak

13、e sure the packing quality is not affected.螄节 4 包装方式 Packing way薁 4.1 产品及拆卸件主要选用的包装方式有裸装、局部装和木箱装。膈 Main pack ing ways chose for products and assemblies are nude pack ing, partial packing and wooden case packing.蒄 4.2 防护包装主要分为防水包装和防震包装。莄 Protective packag ing con sists of waterproof pack ing and shoc

14、kproof pack ing.蝿防水材料采用聚乙烯塑料薄膜、聚乙烯塑料复合纸，如防雨布、PE袋、防雨篷布等，其材质、性能符合 GB/T 7350标准。薇 Waterproof material adopts polyethyle ne plastic film and polyethyle ne plastic composite paper, such as waterproof cloth, PE bag and waterproof tarpauli ns etc. and their material and performa nee accord with the GB/T 735

15、0 sta ndard.芅防震材料采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、复合发泡塑料、塑料气垫等。賺 Vibratio n-proof material adopts polystyre nee foam, compo und foamed plastics and the plastic cushi on etc.肂羆 5 包装箱基本技术要求General safety specification of packing case羅 5.1 包装材质要求 Requireme nts of packagi ng material膂5.1.1包装材料的选用根据内装物的特点正确选择。膀The selection o

16、f packaging materials should be right choice according to the characteristics of the built-in objects.蒆5.1.2变压器产品的包装材料以木质材料为主，其材质应在保证包装箱强度 的前提下，根据经济环保原则选用非疫区的适当树种。主要受力构件的选材为落 叶松、加松、铁杉、花旗松，非主要受力部位也可以选用人工合成或深度加工的 木质材料。所用实木需熏蒸处理。螆 Packagi ng material of tran sformer is give n priority to with wood mate

17、rial which shall be un der the prerequisite of the inten sity of pack ing and to choose the appropriate tree species in un affected areas accord ing to the econo mic and en vir onmen tal protectio n prin ciple. Selectio n of mai n stress comp onents are dahuria n larch, pine, hemlock and douglas fir

18、. The main stress parts also can choose synthetic or deep process ing of wood materials.芄5.1.3同一包装箱的箱板色泽应基本一致，宽窄均匀，外表面平整，无虫眼和明显毛刺莈 The board color of same pack ing case should be con siste nt. It has the uniform width, flat surface and with no bug and obvious burrs.腿5.1.4滑木含水率不大于24%，其它部位木材的含水率不大于 20

19、%。蒆 Wood moisture content is not more tha n 24% and other parts the moisture content of lumber is not more tha n 20%.肁5.1.5制箱木材各部位允许缺陷度见表1、表2,木材中各种缺陷的解释和计 算方法、斜纹的倾斜度检量方法按GB/T 155和GB/T 4823的规定。蚁 Each part of box wood allowi ng defects are show n in table 1 and table 2. Interpretation and calculation

20、methods of various defects in wood, the inclination of the twill calibration method are according to GB/T 155 and GB/T 4823.薈表1木材的缺陷限度(滑木、端木、枕木)芆Table 1 Defects limit of wood ( slippery wood, terminal wood, crosstie)肃缺陷名称蝿 Name of defects羈木材的允许缺陷限度蚃 allowed defects limit of wood賺滑木、端木、枕木等主要受力构件莇 sli

21、ppery wood, termi nal wood, crosstie, etc main stress comp onents蒃活节和死节芀 任意材长1000mm中，节子的个数不能超过 5个，最大节子直径不能 超过材宽的30% （死节必须修补），直径不足5mm的节子不计。滑木与枕 木的钉接部位不得有死节。袇 Any material in 1000 mm long, the number of knot is no more than 5,羁 Live and dead sect ionthe diameter of biggest knot is no more than 30% of

22、the material width(Dead knot must be repaired.) Knot with diameter less tha n 5mm is not counted. Nail parts of slippery wood and crosstie can not have deadkn ots.膃腐朽羃 Decayed莈不允许 not allowed芆虫孑L羄 Wormhole肄不允许 not allowed螁裂纹蚅 Crack蚄裂纹长度不得超过材长的 20% （宽度不足3mm的裂纹不计），不允许有 贯通裂纹袁 Length of crack is no more

23、 than 20% of material length ( crack with width less tha n 3mm is not coun ted), hole-through crack is not allowed.衿钝棱蒅钝棱最严重的部分缺角宽度不得超过材宽的30%，高度不得超过材厚的三分之一荿 Wane羃 A blunt edge of the most serious part of the missing angle width shall not exceed 30% of the material width. Height should not exceed one

24、 third of the material thick ness.曲.膅顺弯、横弯不得超过1%,翘弯不得超过2%芁弯螈 Curve *螀 The bending and tran sverse bending should not exceed 1%.Crosswise con cav ing should not exceed 2%.莀斜纹袅纹理的倾斜度不得超过 20%芇 Cross grain螂 The in cli nati on of the texture should not exceed 20%.蒈蚇表2木材的缺陷限度（箱板、箱档）蚆 Table 2 Defects limit

25、 of wood ( boxboard, cleat)袃缺陷袀 Defect肆允许缺陷限度莆 allowed defects limit罿箱板蒅 boxboard腿箱档蚂 cleat莁腐朽腿 Decayed蚃不允许 not allowed螃虫眼蒀 Wormhole蚈不许有 not allowed莃节子薈死节肇 Dead knot肄直径自5mm以下不计。最大节子直径 不大于单板宽度 30% (每块箱面只允许一 个)，脱落节子需堵实薂 Diameter below 5mm is not cou nted. The largest diameter of knot is no more tha n

26、30% of ven eer width (Each box side allows only on e). Knot dropped off should be blocked up.羀最大节子直径不大于档宽25%蒇 The largest diameter of knot isno more tha n 25% of crosspiecewidth.袄薀 Kn ot聿活节祎 Live knot薄最大节子直径不大于单板宽度50%蒁 The largest diameter of knot is no moretha n 25% of ven eer width.蒁莆最大节子直径不大于档宽30

27、%莅 The largest diameter of knot is no more tha n 30% of crosspiece width.薂肅裂长不大于板长 20%，裂宽不大于2mm，横裂不许有葿裂长不大于档长 10%蕿裂纹*聿 Crack薃 Length of crack is no more than 20% of pla nk. Width of crack is no more tha n 2mm.Tra nsverse fissure is not allowed.祎裂宽不大于1mm，横裂不许有莁 Len gth of crack is no more tha n 10% o

28、f crosspiece. Width of crack is no more tha n 1mm.蚈Tran sverse fissure is not allowed.肀夹皮袈 Bark pocket薆不许有 not allowed蒂斜纹腿 Cross grain芇斜纹的倾斜度不得超过20%芆 The in cli nati on of the cross grain should not exceed 20%蒃钝棱薁 Wane螇箱面上、下口钝棱缺角尺寸不许有，中 间、两端钝棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚30%肇 Un der the box surface, blu nt edge miss in

29、g an gle size is not allowed to have. Both end and middle blu nt edge miss ing an gle size is not more tha n 30% of ven eer thick ness.芁钝棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚25%虿 A blu nt edge miss ing an gle sizeis not more tha n 25% of ven eerthick ness.膆注：所有节子缺陷，在板、档两端着钉范围不得超过单板、箱档宽度的25%，钝棱面必须朝里。薃 Note: All defects of knot

30、s, on both ends of plate, the pin scope shall not exceed 25% of the single board, box gear width, blunt edge surface must be inwards.螈5.1.6胶合板Plywood薅胶合板选用GB/T 9846.3-2004胶合板第3部分：普通胶合板通用技术条 件中规定的川类胶合板。芃 Plywood choose GB/T 9846.3 2004 Plywood The Third Part: General Tech nical Con diti ons of Ordi n

31、ary Plywood of III kind of plywood.蒄5.2顶盖载荷The top load膀施于横梁的顶盖载荷，按顶盖面积规定为为5.0kPa(510kgf/m2)。艿 In beam top load, as stipulated in the head area of 5.0 kPa (510 KGF/m2).肄5.3堆码载荷Stacking load賺施于侧面的堆码载荷，按顶盖面积规定如表3。芈 For stack ing load to the side, it is stipulated in the roof area such as table 3.蚈表3堆码

32、载荷螄 Table 3 Stack ing load节内装物重量(kg)膈堆码载荷kPa (kgf/ m2)薁 weight of built-i n objects (kg)蒄 stacking load kPa (kgf/ m )莄韦000蝿 10.0(1020)薇500010000芅 15.0(1530)賺10000肂 20.0(2040)羆注:本规格中，顶盖载荷主要是指横梁支撑的上部载荷；堆码载荷主要是指侧框支撑的上部载荷。因此,直接放置比顶盖宽度小的货物时，顶盖载荷和堆码载荷发生作用，放置与顶盖宽度相同的货物或使用比顶 盖宽度大的合适货物时，主要是堆码载荷发生作用。羅 Note: I

33、n this specification, top load mainly refers to the upper load supported by beam; stacking load mainlyrefers to the upper part of the load supported by side of the frame. Therefore, when placed the goods smaller than top width directly, top load and stacking load militate. When placed the goods same

34、 as the top width or used the right goods is larger than the top width, stacking load mainly militate.膂膀5.4间隙Gap蒆为防止内装物因接触框架木箱的面而引起损伤，在其间充填缓冲材料或留出 适当间隙，单面间隙30mm。螆 In order to preve nt the built-in objects damage caused by con tact with the face of the frame woode n box, filli ng buffer materials amo

35、ng them or leav ing appropriate gap. Sin gle gap is 30mm.芄5.5 尺寸的表示方法 Expressive methods of size莈5.5.1包装箱的尺寸用内尺寸或外尺寸表示,根据表4规定。腿 Accordi ng to the provisi ons of table 4, we express pack ing size with the size or outside dime nsions.蒆表4包装箱的尺寸表示肁 Table 4 Dime nsions in dicated of pack ing case蚁名称薈内尺寸肃

36、外尺寸n ame芆 In side dime nsion蝿 Exter nal dime nsion羈长(L)賺端支柱的内面间距离膃内长+ (端柱厚+端外板厚)X 2蚃宽(W)莇 The dista nee betwee n the sidepillar of the in side羃 In seam len gth+ ( thick ness of end post +thick ness ofpla nki ng ) *2膄高(H)蒃侧支柱的内面间距离羁 The dista nee betwee n the side pillars in side芀侧面上、下框两外缘间的距离袇 On th

37、e side, the distanee betwee n the two outer box莈内宽+ (侧柱厚+侧外板厚)X 2芆 Inner width + ( thick ness of colu mn+ thick ness oftest plate) *2羄内咼+顶盖厚+底座厚(滑木厚+辅助滑木厚+底板)肄 Inner height+ thick ness of header+ thick ness of base(thick ness of slippery wood+ thick ness of assista ntslippery wood+ floor)螁蚅5.5.2 尺寸偏

38、差 Dimensional deviation蚄木构件宽度与厚度的尺寸偏差按表5规定。袁 Dimensional deviation of the width and thickness of the wooden pieces is stipulated in the table 5.衿表5木构件的宽度与厚度的尺寸偏差(mm)荿 Table 5 Dimensional deviation of width and thickness of timber components (mm)蒅尺寸范围 Range of sizes羃偏差 Deviation芁w 20螈-12膅20100螀土 2莀10

39、0芇土 3袅螂 6 包装箱的结构 The structure of the packing蒈6.1底座Base蚇底盘是木箱的底面，并且在上面安装侧板和端板，起支撑装载物的作用，底座 的结构见图1。底座各构件尺寸见表6。蚆 Base is the bottom of the case on which lateral plate and end plate are in stalled.Its role is to support the stowage. The structure of the base as show n in picture 1.Sizes of each comp on

40、ent of base are show n in table 6.袀肆莆蚀罿腿图1底座结构蚃 Picture 1 bottom structure螃蒀注：底座(或底盘、底架木)上放上内装物后，在未进行固定加固、绑扎等或未装侧板，端板之前， 不得单靠底盘进行起吊等装卸作业。蚈 Note: Built-in objects put on base (or chassis, timber underframe), without fixed reinforcement, binding, etcor without installing lateral plate and end plate, c

41、hassis would not be allowed to lifting handling operation, etcalone.莃6.1.1 滑木 Slippery wood薀6.1.1.1滑木一般应均匀排布，但对底板兼枕木的形式，若内装物底座用螺栓 固定在滑木上，限于螺栓孔位置，滑木的位置可以适当偏移。薈 Slippery wood should be eve nly arran ged gen erally. But for the form of baseplate and crosstie, if the base of built-in objects is fixed on

42、 slippery wood with bolts, because of the bolt hole position, the position of slippery wood can be skew appropriately.肇6.1.1.2滑木的中心间隔一般不大于1200m m,需用叉车横向进叉装卸时，滑 木的中心间隔应不大于1000mm （内装物重量为1500kg以下的，应不大于 800mm），超过规定的间隔，中间应增加相同截面的滑木。肄 The cen ter in terval of the slippery wood is gen erally not more tha n

43、 1200 mm.When need to use the forklift into the fork loading and unioading crosswise, the cen ter in terval of the slippery wood is gen erally not more tha n 1000 mm (weight of built-i n objects below1500 kg, should not be greater tha n 800 mm). I n excess of the prescribed in tervals, we should in

44、crease slippery wood with the same cross sect ion.薂6.1.1.3滑木应尽量采用一根整木，若长度不够时，可以对接，但对接的位置 不能在长度的中心处，而且各滑木的对接位置应错开。羀 Slippery wood should adopt a piece of complete log. If the len gth is not eno ugh, it can be butt joint but the dock ing positi on cannot be in the cen ter of the len gth. And the docki

45、ng position of each slide wood should stagger.蒇表6底座各构件的尺寸mm袄 Table 6 Sizes of comp onents of floor mm蚃内装物薄滑木 Slippery wood蒁端木薂端木与滑木肅底板的厚度联结用螺栓直聿重量kg蒁 termi nal径薃 Thick ness of floor祎 Weight of葿箱的内肀尺寸wood蕿 Diameter of木板board胶合板plywoodbuilt-i n长Sizes莆（宽X厚）bolts formmmmobjects kg（宽X厚）term inal wood祎 In

46、 seam(width *莅(width *and slipperylen gththick ness)thick ness)wood jointing莁聿mm6060 X 60M10或钢钉Or steel n ail155.5100050005000120X120100X00M12189500010007000150X150120X20M16211206.1.2 端木 Terminal wood端木用螺栓或钢钉安装在滑木上，端木外侧面距滑木端部的距离等于端木的 厚度，端木的尺寸及其与滑木联结用螺栓的直径按表6的规定，端木的长度与内宽相同。Term inal wood is in stalle

47、d on slippery wood with bolts and steel n ails. The lateral aspect of terminal wood from slippery wood end distanee is equal to the thickness of terminal wood. Size of terminal wood and diameter of bolts eoupling with slippery wood are aeeording to the provisions in table 6.6.1.3 枕木 Crosstie主要起支撑内装物

48、的作用，尺寸根据包装箱滑木位置、内装物的重量及形状 等来决定。枕木规格应符合内装物对包装箱的强度要求，具体按GB/T 7284-1998中5.1.5规定。It has the role of supporting built-in objects. The size is decided according to the loeati on of packag ing case slippery wood, weight and shape of built-i n objects. The specifications of crosstie should be consistent wit

49、h the strength of the built-in objects for packaging requirements. Specific situation isaccording to regulation 5.1.5 inGB/T 7284-1998.枕木用螺栓或钢钉安装在滑木上，联结螺栓或钢钉的直径按表7的规定。Crosstie is in stalled on slippery wood by bolts or steel n ails. Diameter of eoupli ng bolts or steel n ails is accord ing to the st

50、ipulati on in table 7.表7枕木的安装Table 7 In stalli ng of crosstie枕木 的 厚 度安装方法Thick ness of crosstie mmIn stallati on methodw 6用钢钉钉 by steel nail6090用 M10 螺栓紧固 fixed by M10 bolts90150用 M12 螺栓紧固 fixed by M12 bolts 10用 M16 螺栓紧固 fixed by M16 bolts6.1.4 底板 Baseplate底板宽度不应小于200mm,厚度按表6规定使用。底板用钢钉安装在滑木 上。Width

51、of baseplate should not less than 200mm, the thickness used as the stipulati on in the table 6. Baseplate is in stalled on slippery wood with steel n ail.6.2 侧面与端面 Side and end face6.2.1 侧板和端板 Lateral plate and end plate侧板装在滑木上承受堆码载荷，同时起通过滑木支撑货物的作用。Lateral plate in stalled on the slippery wood bears

52、 stack ing load and has the role of support ing goods through slippery wood.端板装在滑木上层，两端都有，起支撑堆码载荷的作用。End plate is in stalled in the top of wood. Both sides have it. It has the role of support ing the stack ing load.侧板与端板的厚度如表8所示。Thick ness of lateral plate and end plate is show n in table 8.表8侧板和端板的

53、厚度mmTable 8 Thick ness of lateral plate and end plate内装物质量，weight of built-inobject kg木板board胶合板 plywoodw 1000159100050001850001000021126.2.2 立柱和辅助立柱 Upright and auxiliary upright侧面的每根立柱都和辅助立柱、侧板一起，可视为一根柱子。它们必须具有 能承受作用于一根柱子上的堆码载荷的强度，横截面尺寸规格和计算方法按 GB/T7284-1998 中 5.2.2 的规定。Every lateral upright with auxiliary upright and lateral plate can be regarded as a pillar. They must have the strength to bear stacking load acting on a pillar. Thedime nsions and the calculati on method of tran sversal surface should accord ing to thestipulation 5.2.2in GB/T7284-1998.6.2.3 梁承 Grider