高中英语必修1(人教新课标)Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 知识点总结

1、高中英语必修1（人教新课标）Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero知识点总结一、重点词汇 quality 原文再现 And what qualities does a great person have?一个伟大的人具有什么样的品质？ 基本用法 quality n. 质量；品质；性质（复数形式：qualities）As an actress she shows real quality. 她表现出演员的真正才华。 知识拓展-相关短语 of poor quality 质量差of good/high quality 质量好/高 generous 基本用法 gener

2、ous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；宽容的，常用于如下结构中：be generous to sb. 对人宽容/大方 be generous with sth. （用钱等）大方 She was always very generous in her charity. 她行善时总是很慷慨。 Students should be generous in doing hard jobs. 学生应该乐于做艰苦的工作。 She isnt anywhere near as generous as her sister. 她一点都不像姊姊那样慷慨大方。 mean 基本用法 mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑

3、鄙的She is too mean to make a donation. 她太小气不肯捐款。 知识拓展 其他词性 mean v. 意指某事，意思是；意欲，打算 I dont mean to waste any labor.我没打算浪费任何劳动力。 相关短语 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be meant to do 要做，必须做 be mean with/about 对吝啬/小气 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 相关句型 What do you mean by ? 你说/做是什么意思？ devote 基本用法 devote

4、 v. 献身；专心于He devoted all his efforts to the task. 他把所有的精力投入到了这项工作中去。 知识拓展-相关句型/结构 devoteto 把献给devote oneself to 致力于；献身于，专心 be devoted to 致力于；专用于 found 原文再现He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting. 他经过多年的奋战在1911年成立了共和国。 基本用法found vt. 建立，创立，创办 His family founded the col

5、lege in 1912. 他的家族在1912年创立了这个学院。 The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 注: found与find的过去式，过去分词的形式相同，它的过去式和过去分词是founded。 知识拓展词义辨析 found 创建，建立（组织，机构，国家，学校等） build 建设，建造（具体的或抽象事物） put up 建造，搭起（建造高于地面的建筑物） set up 开设，建立 （生意，公司，公益医院） form 构成，形成 （关系网，观点，习惯等） set up a flag 竖起旗帜

6、put up a tent 搭起帐篷 found a institute 建立研究院 build some hospitals 建一些医院 form a habit/an opinion 养成习惯，形成观点 相关单词 founder n. 创始人，奠基人 foundation n. 基础；奠基；基金会 The rumor is totally without foundation. 谣言纯粹是无中生有。 as a matter of fact 原文再现 As a matter of fact, I do not like violence事实上，我不喜欢暴力 基本用法 as a matter

7、of fact意为“事实上，实际上”。如：As a matter of fact, I dont know the truth. 事实上，我不知道事情真相。 知识拓展-近义短语 in fact /in actual fact /in reality/in effect都有”实际上，事实上“的含义。 vote 原文再现 Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.黑人不能选举或选择他们的领导者。 基本用法 vote v. 投票；选举I may vote for her at the next election. 下届选举我可能选她。、

8、If we cannot agree, lets vote on it. 咱们意见要是不一致就表决吧。 知识拓展-相关短语vote for 投票赞成；投某人的票 vote against 投票反对 attack 原文再现 We chose to attack the laws. 我们选择抨击法律。 基本用法attack v. 进攻，攻击，抨击 They attacked without a warning. 他们不宣而战。 知识拓展-相关短语make an attack on/against进攻，攻击，抨击 turn to 原文再现 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to

9、 violence to make black and white people equal? 为什么纳尔逊曼德拉致力于通过暴力使黑人和白人平等？基本用法 turn to 意为“求助于；致力于；转向”，其中to是介词。如“ If you have any questions, turn to me for help. 有任何问题的话，找我帮忙。知识拓展-相关短语 turn up 出现；到场；调高turn down 拒绝；调低 turn out 在现场；结果为 turn over 翻转 lose heart 原文再现 The scientist from whom never lost hear

10、twhen he was in trouble. 这位科学家在他陷入困境的时候从未丧失勇气或信心。基本用法 lose heart 意为“丧失勇气或信心”，其中heart为不可数名词，也不加修饰语。 No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么千万不可泄气。 Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 尽管困难在增加，但我们毫不灰心。知识拓展-相关短语 lose ones heart (to) 喜欢上 put ones heart into 把全部心思放在 learn

11、/know by heart 记熟 come to power 原文再现 Mr Mandela and the ANC came to powerin 1994. 德拉及非洲人民大会在1994年当权。基本用法 come to power意为“当权；上台”。The new leader has come to power. 新领导上台了。 The party came to power at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。 He came to power at the age of thirty. 他在30岁时开始掌权。知识拓展 相关短语 beyond

12、/out of ones power 某人力所不及的 within ones power 某人力所能及的 词义辨析 energy/force/power /strength be sentenced to 原文再现 sentenced to five years hard labour 被判五年劳役基本用法 be sentenced to 被判处，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。 The man was sentenced to three years in prison. 他被判三年监禁。 The murderer was sentenced to death. 杀人犯被判处死刑。 He

13、was sentenced to 10 years hard labor. 他被判十年劳役。知识拓展-其他词性 sentence作名词，意为“判刑，徒刑”。如： a sentence of six months 刑期6个月 opinion 原文再现 Whats your opinion? 你有什么意见？基本用法 opinion n.意见；看法；主张，in ones opinion意为“依照某人的看法”。发表意见用give/express ones opinion。 opinion还可用good, high, no等词来修饰。（复数形式：opinions） She has a high opin

14、ion of her teacher.她对她的老师评价很高。二、重点句型 only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那时，我们才决定以暴制暴。 原文再现 这句话的意思是：“只有到这个时候，我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力”。 句中only then引导倒装结构， 当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。如： Only when the war was over was he able to return home. 只有在战争结束时他才能够回到家里。 There were not cleverer than m

15、e, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. 他们不如我聪明，却又确实通过了考试，因此我知道我也能获得学位. 基本用法 but 连接的是并列复合句，表示转折； 句中did pass为强调结构。强调谓语动词时，在动词原形前加do, does或did。如： He did read the letter just now. 他刚才的确读过那封信。 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我心情很不好。 基本用法 本句是主从复合句。

16、其中名词短语the first time在此处用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次时”。 常见的可作连词的名词短语还有： the moment/minute/second=as soon as一就 the day/month/year 那一天/月/年 every/each time 每次 注：for the first time是介词短语，只能作状语，意为“初次；第一次”。 建议：在搜索题目时，输入关键词”the first time“。三、重点语法 定语从句(II)关系副词：关系副词用于引出定语从句，英语的关系副词主要有when,where,why三个。 1. when：指代时间，在定语

17、从句中作时间状语。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm. 2. where：指代地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 3. why：指代原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如： There

18、are several reasons why we cant do that. He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.关于“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1. 名（代）词+介词+关系代词（在句中一般作主语），常用此结构的代词有：one, both, all, some, most, several, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, none, half等。如： The boy was paid 100 dollars for cleaning

19、 the windows, most of which had not been cleaned for years. We received a large number of visitors, some of whom are very old people. 2. 数量词或形容词最高级+of+关系代词。如： The company now has more than 100 employees, half of whom are women. They have four children, the youngest of whom is a boy. 3. 介词+关系代词（在句中作状

20、语）： 根据定语从句的谓语选择适当的介词； 动词短语不能拆开，如look for, look after, look forward to, take care of4. 介词+关系代词+名词（在句中作状语），此结构可转换为“and+介词+that或this+名词”结构。如： We got the party at seven, and by which time they had enjoyed themselves for two hours and were about to leave. Mr. Smith can come tonight, in which case we have to do the test all by ourselves. 5. 介词短语+介词+关系代词（在句中一般作状语），此结构可与“介词+whose+名词”结构转换。如： At the station we met a kind-hearted old gentleman, with whose help we easily found the Friendship Hotel. 6. (介词)+whose+名词+主谓结构