上海七年级英语第一学期学习笔记及错题

1、课文笔记注：错题中后面括号中红色字母为正确答案，蓝色为易选的错误答案。unit 1单词及词组：book 当用作及物动词时是预定的意思。短语及用法(知识要点)1，收到某人的来信（三种形式）：get a letter fromreceive a letter fromhear from2，invited sb. to do sth.邀请某人去做某事3，send sth. to sb. / send sb. sth.4，before出现在句尾时用现在完成时 ago 用一般过去时5，nephew（侄子） niece（侄女）6，more, a bit 含义及用法7，perhaps = possibly

2、= may be （在通常情况下）8，lets = shall we let us = will you (除lets外所有祈使句都用will you提问。 let sb. do sth. eg: let him go home. lets go home and do sth.以let us开头的祈使句之后用will you反问，而以lets开头的祈使句之后却用shall we反问。不过意思有所不同，let us表示“征求对方的意见，让我们，你同意吗？（不包括对方）”；而lets则表示“让咱们（一块），好吗？（包括对方）”。如：let us gather at the school gate

3、，will you？我们在校门口集合，你同意吗？你本人不去 lets gather at the school gate，shall we？咱们在校门口集合，好吗？你本人也要去9，had better do sth.10，how long does it take toit takes sb. st. to do sth.11，cost 常用物做主语。多指花金钱、时间、劳力等。如：sth.+cost +sb. money (time, life ) spend 句子的主语是人，可指花时间、金钱、精力。如： spend sth. (money, time ) (in) doing sth. sp

4、end sth. (money, time ) on sth. take 句子的主语常用it 做形式主语，真正的主语是不定式或动句词，多指花时间。如：it takes sb. time to do (doing) sth.（一般不用在花钱上） pay 句子的主语是人，常与for连用，指买东西付款。如： sb.pay money for sth.12，get to , reach , arrive at , arrive in*arrive*是不及物动词，表示“到达、抵达某地（尤指行程的终点），后常接介词at 或in，一般in接大地方，at接小地方，若是地点副词，则不需用介词。例如：do you

5、 know what time the plane *arrive* in moscow？they arrived at the station at 8 this morning.her mother saw her when she arrived home*reach*是及物动词，直接接宾语，无须介词，和*arrive*一样，属正式用语。例如：when she reached home，her mother asked，“have you got everything？”和*arrive*一样，*get*也是不及物动词，只是它多用于口语，其后接的介词是to，后面如接副词，则不用介词to。

6、例如：have we got to the zoo yet？the visitors got there last night. 这几个词的区别不是太大，主要是别用混了介词。例如 “格林先生昨晚抵达武汉”可以说：mr green arrived in /got to/reached wuhan last night.13，句型：see sb. doing sth.14，more than的用法15，最简单的虚拟语气if从句（一般现在时）+主句（一般将来时，情态动词），如：if you are tired, we will go straight home16，take sb. to. sp.

7、带某有去某地 bring,take,carry都有“拿、带、运送”的意思，它们的区别主要是动作的方向不同。bring表示“拿来、带来”，指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方，take表示“拿走、带走”，指把人或物从说话人所在的地方带到别处去。carry不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“抱、扛、提、运”等。get则指“去拿、去取”。17，表示日子和日期时用on，表示月份、年份时用in。如： the ceremony takes place on 15 may in the morning. the ceremony takes place on the morning of 15 may.1

8、8, exciting 与excited的区别 例：its - for jim to play. （a;excited b;exciting答案选哪一个）选b，因为excited是指（人）感到兴奋的，exciting指（事物）令人兴奋的，本题中对于jim来说play是令人兴奋的（it是形式主语，真正的主语是to play是事物，而不是人）。如果题目改成jim is-to play的话，主语是jim 是人，那么就要选a了。19，what 与how的感叹句 what bright sunshine it is! how bright the sunshine is! 例句中what+adj+n（后

9、面跟名词） how+adj（后面不跟名词）20，other, the other, others, anotherother作形容词后接单复数均可，other one或other two students。意思是“别的，另外的”。the others也只能作代词，意思与others相近，但常用来特指。any other 后接复数名词，表示“一些其他”；any other后接单数名词时，表示“其他任何一个”。词组搭配：one the other 只有两个some the others 有三个以上some others，others(有的有的)也可以这样写：some，some，others(oth

10、er的意思是”有些”)others = other people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部another作形容词时，是指在原有的基础上再加一（些），表示“再一（些）”或“另外一个（些）”的意思，在心理上至少有三个。 another还可作代词，意思与作形容词时一样。它前面不能加任何冠词，后面也不能加s总结:泛指另一个用another。一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用th

11、e others。泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。language i have got he/she has invited - seen how long does it take to travel from garden city to beijing by plane/train? be going to in the north-west of north of - in the centre of notes(1) at (in) the summer palace 在颐和园 at tian anmen squ

12、are 在天安门广场 on the great wall 在长城 in the palace museum 在故宫博物院(2) it is in the north-west of beijing. 它在北京的西北部(north-west作名词) it is north of beijing. 它在北京的北面(north作副词)(3) it can hold more than one million people. 它可容纳一百多万人.(4) places of interest 名胜unit 2单词及词组：forget-forfot-forgottenleave-left-leftgive

13、-gave-giveneat-ate-eatenlose-lost-lostcareless a. 粗心的,疏忽的/ n. 不关心的,粗心的carefulness n. 小心,仔细,慎重短语及用法(知识要点)1, cruel krul a. 残酷的,残忍的. cruelty n.2, 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early3, find强调结果，表“找到了”，后面直接

14、跟名词；search更侧重“搜寻、搜索”的意思，范围较广，一般可用search for sth.或in the search of sth. ；look for“寻找”，强调“找”的这个动作，后面直接跟名词；find out有“找出”的意思，更经常表示“发现、调查.”，后面也是直接跟名词或find sth. out（当sth.不是人称代词的时候）。4, keepas 保留作为。let it ride=let it be意思是就让它那样吧。keep it as it is，意思是就保持它原来的状态吧，言外之意也是let it be的意思。（keep是热词，组成的短语非常多，与have,take等

15、属于同一级别）区别以下例句：i borrowed this book one week ago. i have kept the book for a week. (在这里borrow=keep)keep组成的短语：keepsomeone(sth.) apart 使与他人或他物分开keep away from sb. (sth.) 离开,避开keepfrom doing sth. 阻止做某事keepon doing sth. 继续做某事keepon with sth. 继续keep out of sth. 保持在之外keep sth.down 轻声；把置于控制之下5, prefer prefe

16、r之后用动名词结构表示一般性偏爱，强调一种事实或一件事。如：l like swimming，but i prefer sailing当prefer之后带两个动词不定式表示“偏爱胜过”时，用rather than连接。rather than之后可以有两种结构：省略to的动词不定式和动词的ing形式。如：i would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive out当prefer之后带两个名词或动名词结构表示“偏爱胜过”时，常用介词to连接两个部分，也可以用rather than连接。如：i prefer watching tv

17、to reading books6, would you like to= do you want to7, leave sth. at/in sp.8, give sb. sth. give sth. to sb.9, sometimes 有时候（提问时用how often） some time 一段时间 some times 几次了 sometime 将来某个时候10, be kind to 对友好 be unkind to 对不友好 be cruel to 对残忍(cruelty.n)11, save sth. from danger拯救，营救，挽救 keep from保护 protec

18、tfrom保护12, also 放在句首表示“也”= too放句末13，,but=though两者不可同时出现在句中14, promise to do sth.答应或承诺做某事15，come back =return = go back16，在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear, had better后跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。17，across ad. 横过。prep穿过,横过 cross v. 交叉,横过,越过 18, take care of =care for =look after19, in many different ways 不同的

19、方式。 on ones way to sb. 去某地的路上 on ones way home （也可以on ones way to ones home）回家的路上 by the way 顺便20, sheep, fish,chinese, japanese, person单复数同形language which one do you like best? i prefer the one. feed / give / hold / play / take what / how?notes(1) im an spca officer. “s”发原因,所以用”an”(2) savefrom 意为”挽

20、救以免于” keepfrom意为”保护;使免受”unit 3单词及词组：1，read-read-read2, send-sent-sent3, 短语及用法（知识要点）：1, over = more than2, six million people (注意million不加s) millions of people 3, most of the students are most of the water is half of the apples are half of the apple is (注意区别)4，区别(以下几句意思相同) there are also people from

21、there are also people who come from tare are also people coming from5，englishman englishwoman british a,英国的。 n,英国人。britisher n,英国人。britishers英国人复数 the british英国人的总称6，can also 也能7，in other countries in another country8, write a letter to sb. 写一封信给某人。9，send sb. sth =send sth. to sb./sp.language people

22、 from (country) more than near / far away from have visited / read about what would you like to know about your penfriend? id like to know / know aboutnotes(1) over six million people live in garden city. over = more than(2) the usa = america =美国； the uk = britain = 英国(3) read a book / newspaper 阅读书

23、刊、报纸 read about 阅读与有关的(4) sex(m/f), m(male男性),(female女性)(5) what would kitty like to know about her penfriend? know about 了解有关情况 know somebody/something 认识某人/知道某事,某物unit 4单词及词组：1，plans of building 建筑图纸2, a uniforms 一件制服3，at work 在工作中4，put out fire 来火5，answer the phone 接电话6，take notes 记笔记7，enjoy work

24、ing 享受工作8, find out the answer 找出答案，发现答案9, knock sb. down 击倒某人，撞倒某人10，catch fire 着火11，arrive at 12,immediately = at once13,drive-drove-driven14,sell-sold-sold15, a piece of news 一则新闻16，keep ones eyes open/closed 便某人睁眼或闭眼短语及用法（知识要点）：1，问某人的职业 what (job) do you do ? whats your job? what are you?(泛指关系)2

25、，the same +n.+as 与一样 make sb./sth. better 和以前相比更好3，move sth. to sp. 把移到某地方4, this person helps make garden city a safe place.注意help后面没有to6, bothand are, 两个都not onlybut also+单数 is 不仅还有都,not onlybut also+复数are这两句意思基本相同7，be afraid of sth. = be frightened8, get on/off bus; get in/(out of) car,taxi9, see

26、 sb. doing10, a large/great number of11，every day 强调每个一天（一般作主语或宾语） everyday 强调每一天（一般作时间状语）12，buy sth. for sb.给某人买东西 buy sth. from sb.从某人那里买东西language work in a hospital for a companywhere / what / why ? he / she works / draws / moves ran stopped drove knocked see people cleaning buying selling notes

27、(1) plans of buildings 建筑设计图；建筑平面图(2) take notes 记笔记(3) they also empty the rubbish bins. empty 倒空；腾空。also 还unit 5单词及词组：1，think-thought-thought2, 短语及用法（知识要点）：1,think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 这两个词意思上接近2，tooto与not enoughto 的用法 im too young to go to school. im not old enough to go to school.3, 注意例句：ben

28、 and i are much bigger.4, perhaps, possibly, may be这三个词语意思相近5，注意例句： this room is tom and kittys. these rooms are toms and kittys.6, would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 had better do sth. 最好做某事7，next to = near = close tolanguage i need three bedrooms a flat a balcony a kitchen big windows id like near / next

29、to / on / opposite / between and / in frontnotes(1) ben and i are much bigger now. 本和我长大了不少。 much作副词，意为“多；更”，常用于形容词和副词的比较级前，表示程度。(2) 句型：what kind of flat would you like?(3) the lis 表示“李家”=the li family. the lis意为“李家的”(4) 句型：the new flat has more rooms than the old one.unit 6单词及词组：1, tell-told-told2,

30、 swim-swam-swum短语及用法（知识要点）：1，where提问的句子回答时一定要加介词2，get to = arrive at/in = reach3, practice一般作为名词用,但在口语中也常作为动词使用. practise只能作动词 又如: advice, adviselanguage in the city centre / suburbs there is a lot of / not much there are some / a lot of .there arent any what did you do when you lived? when we lived

31、 , we its because. fallingare making wearing swimmingnotes(1) i take a bus to= igo to by bus(2) thereisnt much traffic. 交通不繁忙unit 7单词及词组：1，mean v. ;(meaning n.)2, direction sign 信息指示牌 warning sign 警告牌 instructino sign 说明信息3，winwonwon短语及用法（知识要点）：1,different-same(反义) different between be different fro

32、m the same (age/weight/height) as=be as adj as2，典型句子： the player who rolls a six on the dice goes first.（主语从句） if you land on a sign,you must say what it means. if you dont know,you(will) miss a turn.注意从句和主句动词的形态。language we can / must / must not there is / are an instructinoa direction signa warnin

33、gan information where can we find it ?in a park. / in the countryside. / on a road. / at school.notes(1) we must not smoke here. 此处不准吸烟。(2) shelter(亭子)； typhoon shelter(台风避风港)；shelter(还可指住处，居所)(3) roll a dice 掷骰子(4) land 作动词时，落；降落。unit 8单词及词组：1, healthy a. 例：keep me healthy health n. 例:keep ones hea

34、lth stay healthy = keep healthy2， so many 褒义 too much 贬义 so much too many 3，change ones bad habits 改变某人坏习惯4，not only but also5, neithernor短语及要点：1, keep 和 borrow i borrowed this book two weeks agol. ive kept this book for two weeks.2, spend in和 spend on i spent ten yuan in buying this book. i spent t

35、en yuan on this book.3, 注意用法：at weekends, at the weekend4, cost , pay, take this book cost me ten yuan. i paid ten yuan for this book. it took me ten yuan to buy this book.5, neither i dont swim well. neither does she. im not reading a book now. neither is she . 其它类型：neither will she . / neither has

36、 she.6, 感叹句再次加强印象： how good that idea is ! what a good idea that is !language i like playing badmintom. so do i. i dont like swimming. neither do i. shall we ? if you (dont) want to , you should / should not too many / much - not enough - less tv fewer crisps more fruit / vegetables used to not any

37、longernotes(1)注意区别：i dont like swimming. / neither do i. i like playing badminton. / so do i.(2) soft drinks 。注意drink 作不可数名词时泛指“饮料”，但表示“软饮料”时，则用复数形式。(3)too many 太多，后接可数名词。too much 太多，后接不可数名词。(4) im going to watch less tv, eat fewer crisps and more fruit. fewer后接可数名词，表示“更少”。 less也表示“更少”，但后接不可数名词。(5)

38、used to do something 过去常常做（但现在已不这么做了） be used to doing 习惯于做某事unit 9单词及词组：1，fun n.乐趣 funny a. 滑稽的,有趣的2, want to = would like to短语及要点：1，hear sb. to do sth. 和 hear sb. doing 的区别hear sb. do sth是听到全过程，与often一起。关键在于是否有often,always等这类词。实际上是hear sb. to do sth.。中间的to可以省略，参见p5。hear sb. doing sth是指某一时刻，现在进行的，用

39、-ing形式表示听见.正在做某事强调动作正在进行!language what / why / when / where / what time / how / who? be going to chinese i like american food best english thai firstly, / secondly, / next, / then / after that / finally, - yuan and - jiao a plate of- bowl had wanted sold raisednotes (1) hear 除了有“听见”，还有“听说”的意思。（2）rai

40、se some money 筹钱，其中raise意为“筹募，征集”。本册unit 1中raise the chinese national flag, 其中raise意为“提升，举起”。（3）lets have an international food festival. 句中的have意为“组织，举办”。（4）ask somebody to do something.请某人做某事，ask意为“要求，请求”。（5）can you ?常用于提出“请求”，如接受请求，of course (6) 200读作two hundred degrees celsius/centigrade (7) may

41、 i?常用于表示“请求”，也可以用can i?，其肯定回答多用of course。unit 10单词及词组：1，mix together, 也可以mix sth. together2, would rather = would prefer to短语及要点：1, ask sb. about sth. +从句（修饰sth.）2, tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人有关什么事。3， enjoy的三种组词方法： enjoy sth. enjoy doing sth. = have a good time enjoy oneself4, 感观动词： sound look smell to

42、uch(比较少见)language going to firstly, / secondly, / thirdly, / next, / then, / after that, / finally, shall we have some - id like to would you like to id rather have some , so need to buy somenotesp75, have a great party.祝你们聚会玩得开心。回答用： thank you.p76 to make, we need some做某东西，我们需要p77 finally, wait for

43、 the cake to cool. 注意动词不定式的用法。p78 we dont have any batteries at home, so you need to buy some batteries. so作连词，意为“因此，所以”，用于连接两个句子。unit 11单词及词组：短语及要点：1，i like sth. best = i like sth. better than any other food()/foods.2, need 作实义动词时：needs to do sth. / do(does) sb. need to do. 作情态动词时：need + do sth. (n

44、eed not + do sth.) / need you do sth?3, look forward to doing. 注意to 是介词。后面跟动名词4，freezing weather 冰冷的天气 frozen fish 冷动的鱼 注意区别，鱼有被冷动的意思。过去分词作形容词。类似的词很多。language im going to talk about my favourite food is i like best.i like sth. better than any other (名词单数) my project is going to be about i need to wh

45、ere / what / why / how ?notesp84, dairy 是“乳品公司”p85， what date will be convenient for me to visit your factory? i look forward to hearing from you soon.(期待，期盼) we get the frozen fish to the shops in refrigerated.（这里的in是“用”的意思）。 课外摘录:1、 asas结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。youre a boy as good as tom.=youre as good a bo

46、y as tom. 2、 (1)tooto与 sothat sb.cant的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： the man was too angry to be able to speak. the man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak. the milk was too hot to drink. the milk was so hot that we cant drink it. (2) tooto与 not enough to句型的转换： he is too young to get mar

47、ried.=he is not old enough to get married. the book is too difficult for me to read.= the book is not easy enough for me to read. 3,few, a few, little, a little 虽然都表示“少”，但 （1）few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。 （2）a few, a little含肯定意味有“一些”的意思，few, little含否定意味。这里所谓的“肯定意味”和“否定意味”应该这样来理解：同样是半杯水，口渴者会

48、认为：there is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为：there is a little water in the glass.the number of students in our class is fifty(注意这个is是单数动词）。a number of后面加复数动词，举个例句，a number of students in our class are from shanghai(注意这个are是复数动词）。a lot of 既可接可数又可接不可数名词，另外a lot of 就等于lots of4,one/another/the oth

49、er one the other只有两个some the others有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部one/another/the other one the other只有两个some the others有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部5,anyone 和 any one

50、anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。 no one 和none none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。6,used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。be used to + doing：对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：he is used to a vegetarian diet. scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。7, 时态与时间状语 时态时间状语 一般现在时 every, sometimes,at, on sunday等一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等一般将来时 next, tomor