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1、考研英语(一)模拟试卷195( 总分: 144.00 ,做题时间: 90分钟 )一、 use of english( 总题数: 2,分数: 80.00)1.section i use of englishdirections: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark a, b, c or d. (分数: 40.00 )解析:there is growing interest in east japan railway co. ltd., one of the six com

2、panies, created outof the privatized national railway system. in an industry lacking exciting growth【 b1】 its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations【 b2】 is drawing interest.in a plan called station renaissance that it【 b3】 in november, jr east said that itwould 【 b4】 using its

3、commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to【 b5】 more suitable for the information age. it wants train stations as pick-up【 b6】 for such goods as books, flowers and groceries【b7】 over the internet. in a country wherecity【 b8】 depend heavily on trains【 b9】 commuting, about 16 milli

4、on people a daygo to its train stations anyway, the company【 b10】 so, picking up commodities at trainstations. 【 b11】 consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. jr east already hasbeen using its station【 b12】 stores for this purpose, but it plans to create【 b13】 spacesfor the delivery of int

5、ernet goods. the company also plans to introduce【b14】 cards-known in japanas ic cards because they use integrated circuit for【 b15】 information【 b16】 train tickets and commuter passes【 b17】 the magnetic ones usedtoday, integrating them into a/an【 b18】 pass. this will save the company money, because【

6、b19】 for ic cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. increased use of iccards should also【b20】 the space needed for ticket vending. (分数: 40.00 )(1) . 【b1】 (分数:2.00 )a.perspectivesb.outlooksc.prospects vd.spectacles解析:解析:本题考查名词的词义辨析。空格处填入的名词与 growth 搭配,由上下文语义可知,此处表达的含义是“铁路业没有令人振奋的发展前景” ,

7、prospect “景色,前景,期望”指的是 possibility ofadvancement or success。所以 c项正确。perspective 做可数名词时多指 viewpoint( 态度,观点),如 you have the wrong perspective on this situation( 对于那个情势的未来发展, 你的看法是错的 ) 。 outlook 用作 “前景” 讲时用单数形式, 如 the outlook for economic growth( 经济发展的前景) 。 spectacle “景象,奇观,场面,眼镜” 。(2) . 【b2】 (分数:2.00

8、)a.creatively vb.originallyc.authenticallyd.initially解析:解析:本题考查通过上下文选择适当的副词的能力。空格处的副词修饰的动作是use real estateassets in and around train stations( 利用车站内部及周围的房地产 ) 。由上下文可知,该举动是有创造性的,所以才会引起人们的关注,因此 a项creatively创造性地正确。originally最初,原先,新颖地”,如the apartmentwas decorated quite originally( 这套公寓装饰的十分别致) ; authent

9、ically “确实地,真正地,逼真地” ,其形容词形式为 authentic ,如 dimaggio was an authenticfolk hero( 迪马乔是一位真正的民间英雄 ) ; initially “最初,开头” ,如 his response was initially 。 ) 他的反应开始很强硬adamant(3) . 【b3】 (分数:2.00 )a.displayed b.demonstrated c.embarked d.unveiled v解析:解析:本题考查动词词义的辨析。由语法知识可知,空格前的 it 指代的是主语 jr east( 东日本铁路 ) ,所填动词

10、表示的是该公司对station renaissance 这一计划发出的动作。c项embarked 着手,从事”是不及物动词,常用 于 embark on upon sth ,如 he has embarked on a new career( 他开始了一种新的职业生涯 ) , embark on a new plan 意为着手一项新的计划”。a项displayed指把物品展示给人们看,display a plan 意为展示一张设计图”;b项 demonstrated 示范,证明与plan搭配,指通过具体演示来说明计划的可行性,均不符合文意。d项unveiled 揭露,公布”正确,原文意为:东日

11、本铁路有限公司在11月份公布的“车站复兴”计划中说。(4) .【b4】 (分数:2.00 )a.go beyond v b.set outc.come around d.spread over 解析:解析:本题考查动词短语的辨析。空格处填入的动词短语与 using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants 搭配,应符合文意。首先b、c两项的用法分别为set out to do sth .打算、试图做某事,如hefailed in what he had set out to do( 他没有做到自己原来想做的事) ; come around

12、tosth “平息,苏醒,改变观点、立场” ,如 it will take him a while to come around to the idea(他需要时间来接受这个观点),可排除。d项指时间上的扩展,不符合文意。a项go beyond 不止,超出与状语extending them to呼应,意为“不仅把它的商业空地用于开商店和餐馆,而且还” (5).【b5】 (分数:2.00 )a.applications b.enterprises c.functions vd.performances解析:解析:本题考查名词词义的辨析。空格处填入的名词充当extending them to结构中

13、的介词宾语,其中extend to意为扩展用于,them指上文中的its commercial spaces(东日本铁路的商业空地)。因此,所填的名词应与前文一致,表达这些空地的用处或功能,应与 use的名词形式usage属同一范畴。a、c项都有“使用”的意思, 但application 常与科技成果、理论、法规”等搭配,强调它们的实际应用,一般不与spaces搭配,c项functions“功能,作用”正确,即“还要把这些商业空地用于更加适应信息时代的功能上” 。 enterprise “企业,事业,计划” ; performance “履行,执行,性能” 。(6) .【b6】 (分数:2.0

14、0 )a.districtsb.vicinitiesc.resorts d.locations v 解析:解析:本题考查名词词义白辨析。空格处填入的名词作pickup(物品收取)修饰的中心名词,说明东日本铁路公司想把车站作为物品收取的什么。 district 指有一定特色的区域、 地区, 如 rural mountainous financial theatre district ;或行政区域,如 election school postal district 。 vicinity “临近地区,附近” ,常用单数,如 the inhabitants of the vicinity( 附近地区的

15、居民) 。 resort “旅游、 度假胜地” , 如 seaside beach ski resort 。 location泛指某个地点,与文中 pick up 搭配,意为:物品收取地,符合文意。(7) .【b7】 (分数:2.00 )a.acquiredb.purchased vc.presidedd.attained解析:解析:本题考查动词词义的辨析。空格处填入的过去分词与 over the internet 搭配,作定语修饰 such goods as books, flowers and groceries。由其中心语goods可知文章所讲的是网上购物,所以b项purchase 买,

16、购买正确,即 “东日本铁路打算把车站作为网上所购物品的收取地”。 a 项 acquire “获得” , 虽然也可以表示 “购得” , 但它强调 “得到”的结果,但该处顾客应该还没有得到货物,所以不正确。 c preside 常与 over 搭配,意为“主持,主管” ,接的宾语为“会议、活动、事件、机构”等,如 presideover the meeting /the business .主持会议/主管业务。d项attain达到,(经过努力)获得也是强调得到,不正确。(8) .【b8】 (分数:2.00 )a.lodgersb.tenantsc.dwellers vd.boarders解析:解析

17、:本题考查名词的辨析。由上下文可知,该处应泛指城市人,所以 c项city dwellers “城市居民”符合文 意。a项logers “寄宿者”,b项tenants “承租人,房客”,d项boarders “寄膳宿者,寄宿生”,都具体到以某种特殊 方式居住的人,不合文意。(9) .【b9】 (分数:2.00 )a.for vb.inc.ofd.as解析:解析:本题考查介词的用法。depend on sb/sth for sth 是习惯搭配,意为:依靠来做,符合文意,原文意为:都市人严重依赖列车作为上下班的交通工具。depend on sth as sth 意为:依靠作为,但 as后通常接名词。

18、in “在期间,从事于,of “的(表所属)工(10) . 【b10】 (分数:2.00)a.figures vb.exhibitsc.convincesd.speculates解析:解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入的动词作谓语,表明铁路公司对 about 16 million peoplea day go to its train stations anyway( 无论如何,每天大约一千六百万人来到它的车站 ) 发出的动作。参考选项,该句所述内容应是该公司计算或估计的, a项figures正确。b项exhibits意为展示(物品),与上下文文意不 符。c项convinces 使确信,使

19、信服”,后面接人,如果要接事,应改为is convinced 。 d项speculates指没有确 切证据的推测、估计”,在这里不符合文意。(11) . 【b11】 (分数:2.00)a.deprivesb.retrievesc.spares v d.exempts 解析:解析:本题考查动词词义的辨析。空格处填入的动词与 consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries 搭配。所填动词首先要能接双宾语,即使用 sb. sth .的结构,其次搭配后的含义要符合文意。a项“剥夺,使丧失”的搭配为deprive sb . of sth 如depriv

20、ed him of sleep(使他不能入睡);b项重新得到,找回,挽回”的搭配是 retrieve sth from sb 如 retrieve my bag from him( 从他那找回我的包 ) ; d 项“免除,豁免”的搭配为exempt sb from sth 只有 c项的搭配为 spare sb. (from)sth 意为“使某人免于做某事,如 spare his mother any anxiety( 不让母亲有丝毫的担忧 ) ,原文意为:在车站收取物品使消费者节省了路途而且也不像往家里递送那样容易丢失。(12) . 【b12】 (分数:2.00)a.conjunctionvb

21、.conveniencec.department d.ornament解析:解析:本题考查习惯搭配。 a 项 conjunction 不与 store 搭配,它常指“ ( 引起某种结果的事物等的 ) 结合” 。考生不要望文生义, “连锁店”是chain store 。 convenience store 指“便利店” , departmentstore “百货店”,ornament store指“饰品店”,根据常识,车站里面比较普遍的是各式各样的便利店,所以 b项符合 文意。(13) . 【b13】 (分数:2.00)a.delegatedb.designatedc.devoted d.ded

22、icated v 解析:解析:本题考查形近词的辨析。本题表面上是填入合适的过去分词做定语,实际上是辨析四个核心动词的用法。a项delegate搭配事物时意为授权,委任,委托”,如delegate a task/power(委托任务/授权),因此它不与spaces 搭配。b m designated spaces意为“指定的场地,但与上文的create搭配后语义重复。c项devoted”投入的,深爱 的” ,表感情色彩,显然不符文意。(14) . 【b14】 (分数:2.00)a.cleverb.smart vc.ingeniousd.intelligent解析:解析:本题考查形容词的辨析及固定

23、用法。b项smart card是固定搭配,意为:(内有集成电路可储存记忆的)智能卡。四个选项都可含有“聪明的”含义,但当修饰事物时, a 项“机敏的,巧妙的” ,强调“用智慧或小聪明达到目的,如a clever reply(机敏的回答),play a clever trick( 耍一个巧妙的花招);c项指(机器等)制作精巧的”或(方法等)巧妙的,如an ingenious toy(制作精巧的玩具),an ingenious idea /lie(巧妙的主意/谎言);d项intelligent 指“ ( 计算机部件工作性能) 智能的” ,如 an intelligent terminal( 智能终

24、端,即具有处理信息能力的终端) 。(15) . 【b15】 (分数:2.00)a.checkingb.gatheringc.holding vd.accommodating解析:解析:本题考查动词词义的辨析。题目要求填入一个动名词与 information 搭配,说明集成电路在ic 卡中的作用。ic卡,即智能卡,内部的集成电路是储存信息的,所以c项holding 容纳,储存,准备着正确。check information“核对信息” , gather information “收集信息” , accommodate information “整理信息” ,都不符合文意。(16) . 【b16】

25、 (分数:2.00)a.as vb.forc.withd.of解析:解析:本题考查介词的用法。解题难点在于理清空格所在句子的结构,该句子的主干为 the companyplans to introduce cards train tickets and commuter passes , 所填介词与 introduce 搭酉己, a项 as 表方 式,符合文意,introduce sth as sth( 引入作为),原文意为引入智能卡作为车票和定期券。for表目的、用途,introduce sth for sth意为为 而引入、提出 ,如 introducea topic for discus

26、sion(提出议题供讨论);with表伴随,introduce sth with sth 意为“把作为的开头,用引出,如introduce a talk with an anecdote(说一则轶闻作为讲话的引子),均不符合文意。of表所属,不直接跟 introduce 搭配。(17) . 【b17】 (分数:2.00)a.but forb.as well asc.instead of vd.more than解析:解析:本题考查句内逻辑关系。空格处填入的介词短语连接smart cards as train tickets andcommuter passes( 作意车票和定期券的智能卡)和

27、the magnetic ones used today( 现在使用的磁卡) 。由于两者是同一性质的物质,因此排除表假设逻辑关系的 a 项 but for “要不是” 。此外,根据下文可知用智能卡比现在使用的磁卡系统成本要低,因此引用智能卡的目的是使它取代磁卡作车票和定期券,因此c项instead of项代替,而不是”正确。b项as well as 项“也,又,和表并列,d项more than项比多”表比较。(18) . 【b18】 (分数:2.00)a.uniqueb.single vc.unitaryd.only解析:解析:本题考查形容词的词义辨析。填入的形容词修饰pass 。原文意意:把

28、多种形式的票和券合意一张智能卡,b 项“单一的,专一的” ,有把不同的东西统一标准或合意一体的意思,如 a single scale ofwages(单一工资等级),是正确选项。a项“独一无二的,独特的”,强调独特性,意为being the only oneof its kind ,如the unique human ability(人类独有的能力);c项整体的,统一的,不可分的,强调完整性,指relating to or existing as a single unit, 如 a unitary policy of government( 政府的统一政策);d项 “惟一的,单独的” ,强调

29、某种情况下的惟一性,指 there is one person , thing , orgroup in a particular situation and no others ,如 i was the only one who disagreed( 我是惟一一个持不同意见 的人 ) 。(19) . 【b19】 (分数:2.00)a.devicesb.instrumentsc.readers vd.examiners解析:解析:本题考查名词词义的辨析。空格填入的名词与 for ic cards搭配,与magnetic systems(磁系统)作比较。 首先排除d项examiners “主考者

30、,检查人”,因为人和系统之间无法比较价格高低。a项“装置,设备”、b项“工具,手段”的用法为 device instrument for doing sth ; an instrument for writing(书写工具)。所以c项readers正确,意为:ic卡或智能卡的读卡机。(20) . 【b20】 (分数:2.00 )a.reduce vb.narrowc.dwarfd.shrink解析: 解析: 本题考查动词词义的辨析。 填入的动词, 表达 increased use of ic cards( 对 ic 卡使用的增加)对 the spaceneeded for ticket ven

31、ding( 售票需要的空间) 的影响。根据上文可知道,ic 卡的使用替代了传统的车票和定期券,因此空格所在句子的含义是:ic卡使用的增加减少了售票所占的空间。关键看四个选项哪个与space搭配,符合文意。a项 reduce “减少,缩小”,用法较为广泛,除表示数量、大小、价格等的减少外,还可以接表抽象含义的词,如 reducethe risk of detection(减少被发现的危险),原文意为:对ic卡使用的增加将会减少售票占用的空间。b项narrow 使变狭窄,使缩小”与space搭配,指“使空间变得狭小”,有“拥挤”的含义;c项dwarf指“(通过与大的事物比较) 使显得小” ,而实际

32、大小没有改变;d 项 shrink 意为“使事物本身缩小或萎缩” ,均不符合文意。二、 reading comprehension( 总题数: 10 ,分数: 60.00)2. section ii reading comprehension解析:3. part adirections: read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d.解析:menorca or majorca? it is that time of the year again. the

33、brochures are piling up in travel agents while newspapers and magazines bulge with advice about where to go. but the traditional packaged holiday, a british innovation that provided many timid natives with their first experience of warm sand, is not what it was. indeed, the industry is anxiously awa

34、iting a high court ruling to find out exactly what it now is. two things have changed the way britons research and book their holidays: low-cost airlines and the internet. instead of buying a ready-made package consisting of a flight, hotel, car hire and assorted entertainment from a tour operators

35、brochure, it is now convenient to put together a trip using an online travel agent like expedia or travelocity , which last july bought lastminute. com for 577 million, or from the proliferating websites ofairlines, hotels and car-rental firms. this has led some to sound the death knell for high-str

36、eet travel agents and tour operators. there have been upheavals and closures, but the traditional firms are starting to fight back, in part by moving more of their business online. first choiceholidays, for instance, saw its pre-tax profit rise by 16% to 114 million in the year to theend of october.

37、 although the total number of holidays booked has fallen, the company is concentrating on more valuable long-haul and adventure trips. first choice now sells more than half its trips directly, either through the internet, over the telephone or from its own travel shops. it wants that to reach 75% wi

38、thin a few years. other tour operators are showing similar hustle. mytravel managed to cut its loss by almost half in 2005. thomas cook and thomson holidays,now both german owned, are also bullish about the coming holiday season. highstreet travel agents are having a tougher time, though, not least

39、because many leading tour operations have cut the commissions they pay. some high-street travel agents are also learning to live with the internet, helping people book complicated trips which they have researched online, providing advice and tacking on other services. this is seen as a growth area.

40、but if an agent puts together separate flights, and hotel accommodation, is that a package, too? the civil aviation authority (caa) says it is and the agent should hold an air travel organisers licence, which provides financial guarantees to repatriate people and provide refunds. the scheme dates fr

41、om the early 1970s, when some large british travel firms went bust, stranding customers on the costas. although such failures are less common these days, the caa had to help out some 30,000 people last year. the association of british travel agents went to the high court in november to argue such bo

42、okings are not traditional packages and so do not require agents to acquire the costly licences. while the court decides, millions of britons will happily click away buying online holidays, unaware of the difference. (分数: 10.00 )(1) .based on the first paragraph, which of the followings could be the

43、 title of text? (分数: 2.00 ) a.an annual holiday.b.a high court ruling. c.a new package. v d.a british innovation.解析: 解析: 这是一道细节推导题。 本题的答案信息来源在第一段的第四句, 这句话是全文的中心主旨句, 其大意是 “传 统的一揽子假日旅游不再是过去的样子了”,即已经呈现出新的形式,由此可以推断本题的正确答案应该是c选项“anewpackage” ( 一种新的一揽子假日旅游形式) 。考生在阅读时要重视识别原文的中心主旨句。(2) .the text suggests th

44、at the shift in the method of holiday booking in ukis associated with (分数: 2.00 )v a.the popularity of electronics. b.the costly licences.c.hotels and car rental firms.d.the traditional ideology.解析:解析:这是一道细节推导题。本题的答案信息来源在第二段的首句,该句的大意是: “两种事情改变了英国人研究和预定其假日旅游的方式:低廉的机票和互联网。”从此句可以推断出本题的正确答案是a选项“the popu

45、larity ofelectronics ” ( 电子的普及) 。考生在阅读时应注意原文中所涉及的因果关系。(3) .according to the text, which of the following is true? (分数: 2.00 ) a.to put together a trip using a traditional travel agent is not hard at present.b.to sound the death knell for tour operator is unacceptable and inhumane.c.some high-street

46、travel agents defy the model of surviving with the internet. d.traditional tour firms grapple with the internet.v解析:解析:这是一道细节推导题。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的第二句,其大意是: “虽然一直有动荡和倒闭,但是传统旅游公司在通过将更多的业务转移到互联网上进行抵抗。 ”从此句可以推断出本题的正确答案应该是d 选项“traditional tour firms grapple with the internet” (传统的旅游公司利用互联网克服困难 ) 。考生阅读时要注意发挥

47、识别原文重点句的能力,更要重视根据原文信息进行分析的能力。(4) .the word hustle in the topic sentence of the fourth paragraph most probably denotes (分数: 2.00 ) a.demand.b.hostility. c.sale. vd.prejudice. 解析:解析:这是一道词汇题。原文第四段第一句中的“ hustle ”一词的含义是“竭力地兜售” ,所以本题的正确答案 是 c 选项“ sale ” ( 出售 ) 。考生在不认识原文中的陌生词语时可以根据上下文进行推断,第四段首句的“ hustle ”前

48、面 的“ similar ” (类似的 ) 暗示从上段中可以找到本题的答案。(5) .according to the first and last paragraphs, which of the following is still in suspense? (分数: 2.00 ) a.a legal definition. v b.a congestion charge. c.financial guarantee.d.an adventure trip.解析: 解析: 这是一道细节归纳题。 本题的答案信息在首段尾句和尾段地倒数第一、 二句。 首段的尾句大意是 “实际上, 该行业正在焦急

49、等待着最高法院的裁定以便能准确获知传统的一揽子假日旅游现在是什么样子” 。尾段倒数第一、二句的大意是“英国旅行代理协会在11月到最高法院上诉,认为这种预定不是传统的一揽子旅游。当最高法院还在决 定的时候,众多的英国人”从上面的内容分析,目前仍然悬而未决的问题是:法院还未给出一个有关传统假日旅游 的定义。故本题的正确答案是a 选项“a legaldefinition(一个法律上的定义 ) 。the bush administration is going to propose far-reaching new rules which would give people with disabili

50、ties greater access to tens of thousands of courtrooms, swimming pools, golf courses, stadiums, theaters, hotels and retail stores. the proposal would substantially update and rewrite federal standards for enforcement of the americans with disabilities act, which is a landmark civil rights law passe

51、d with strong bipartisan support in 19 90. the new rules would set more stringent requirements in a lot of areas and address some issues for the first time, in an effort to meet the needs of an aging population and increasing numbers of disabled war veterans. more than seven million businesses and a

52、ll state and local government agencies would be influenced. the proposal includes some exemptions for parts of existing buildings, but any new construction or renovations would have to comply. the new standards would affect everything from the location of light switches to the height of retail servi

53、ce counters, to the use of monkeys as service animals for people with disabilities, which would be forbidden. the white house approved the tuesday, on register federal the in published be will it review. five-month a after may in proposal with 6 0 days for public comment. after considering those com

54、ments, the government would issue final rules with the force of law. already, the proposal is stirring concern. the united states chamber of commerce says it would be onerous and costly, while advocates for disabled americans say it does not go far enough. since the disability law was signed by the

55、first president bush, advances in technology have made services more available to people with disabilities. but justice department officials said they were still receiving large numbers of complaints. in recent months, the federal government has settled lawsuits securing more seats for disabled fans

56、 at madison square garden in new york and at the nations largest college football stadium, at the university of michigan. the justice department acknowledged that some of the changes would have significant costs. but over all, it said, the value of the public benefits, estimated at 54 billion, excee

57、dsthe expected costs of 23 billion. in an economic analysis of the proposed rules, the justice department said the need for an accessible environment was greater than ever because the iraq war was creating a new generation of young men and women with disabilities. john l. wodatch, chief of the disability rights section of the justice department, said: disability is inherent in the human condition. the vast majority of individuals who are fortunate enough to reach an据攥愠敲眠汩?敢敲植?耗洁玻散漫涌溃散?敲蜚物泡演獴螺(分数:10.00)2.00

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