宝玉石专业外语

1、课程名称：宝玉石专业外语English in gemmology d?em?l?d?i主讲课教师：赵娟一、课程性质、目的与任务第一章 绪 论宝石专业英语课是宝石方向的专业基 础课程之一。课程将系统介绍宝石的形成分 布；物理光学性质；宝石词汇；各种主要宝石 及宝石鉴定的仪器等基本知识。本课程采取全 英文教学，并配合以计算机多媒体教学。目 的是进一步提高学生的英语应用水平。、课程基本要求要求学生了解、掌握宝石的基本概念和基本物理、光学性质；掌握宝石词汇; 掌握各类主要宝石；要求能够用英语掌握基本专业知识，能够熟练阅读、翻译英文资 料，达到熟练听、说、读、写、译的水平。、课程教学主要内容第一章 绪论

2、(In troductio n)第二章宝石的形成及分布(Formation and Distribution )第三章宝石的性质(Properties) pr?p?ti1. 宝石的物理性质(Physical Properties )(1) Hardness(2)Speeifie Gravity比重(3)Cleavage kli:vid ? and Fraeturefr? kt ? 解理与断裂2.宝石的光学性质(Optieal Properties)(1)Color(2)Refraetive rifr?ktiv Index (RI)折射率Luster l?st?光泽In terfere nee

3、,i nt?fi?r? ns干扰(5)Cats eyes and Stars3. 宝石的结晶学基础(Crystallography) ,krist ?l? g?fi结晶学第四章 宝石词汇 (Voeabulary )(1)钻石的形成(2)钻石的产地?k?:r?ns, -k?-(3)钻石的切割(4)钻石的重量及质量Quality)(5)钻石的历史1. 钻石第五章 宝石各论 (Major Gemstones)(Formation)(Oeeurrenee)(Cutting)(Weight and(History)(Famous(6) 世界名钻Diamonds)(7)(8)决定钻石质量的四个因素戴比尔斯

4、钻石推广中心介绍(4 C)(De Beers)2.翡翠(Jadeite) d?eidait3.红宝及蓝宝s? fai?)(Ruby ru:bi and Sapphire4.,?祖母绿及海蓝宝石(Emerald em?r?ld and Aquamarinekw?m?ri:n)5.珍珠(Pearl) p?:l6.琥珀(Amber) ? mb?第六章 宝石鉴定及仪器,? p?reit?s)(Identification and Apparatus1. 宝石鉴定要点(Observation,?bz?:vei?n Points)2. 宝石鉴定仪器(Apparatus)第七章宝石加工及优化(Fashion

5、ing and Enhancementinh ans, -h? ns)1.宝石切割(Faceting) f? sit2.宝石加工(Fashioning)3.宝石仿制及优化(Imitation ,imitei ?n and Enhancement)4.合成宝石(Synthetic Gemstones)第八章 钻戒的选择及保养 (Choosing and Protecting)四、学时分配章次内容学时绪论(In troducti on)2二二二宝石的形成及分布(Formation andDistributio n)4-三宝石的性质(Properties)4四宝石词汇(Vocabulary)6五宝石

6、各论(MajorGemst on es)20六宝石鉴定及仪器(Ide ntificatio n andApparatus)6七宝石加工及优化(Fashi oning andEnhan ceme nt)6八钻戒的选择及保养(Choosing and Protecting)4英语听力练习8英语口语练习8考试4总计72五、教材及主要参考书教材：English in Gemmology，赵娟、周祖翼、廖宗廷编著。 参考书：GemstoneS, Cally Hall , 1994。Part 1In troducti on1. gemology d?em ?l?d?i is the representat

7、ion,reprizentei ?n of wealth andpower. mysterious misti ?ri?s appeal ?pi:l吸引力,color, light rarityr?珍贵 hardness durability ,dju ?r?bil?ti耐久性,beauty ,strength ,resilieneerizili ?ns, -j ?ns弹力.2. The study and identificationof gemstones is a fascinatingexciting topic.3. Needed equipme nt.4. Synthetic an

8、d man-made gemstones.5. Gemstones value generally depends on four elements :beauty ,rarity ,durability and cutting.Formation and distribution of gemstones1. how gemstones and formed(1) the mineral min?r?l 矿物的 origin ;(2) three types rocks: igneousi gii?s火成的，sedimentary,sediment ?ri沉淀的 , and metamorp

9、hic. ,met?m?:fik 变质的2. where gemstones are found(1)the geological conditions.3. beauty ,durability and rarity(1) beauty:1) a definite definit 确切的 chemical composition ,k?mp?zi?n of gemstone.;2) color, light fire and cutting ;(2) durability1) hardness scale of freidrich mohs;mohs friedrich2) the use

10、of gemstones;3) the toughness 韧性 of gemstones: atomic ?t?mik structure ,cleavage plane 平面 and fracture.(3) rarity1) carat k? r?t weight.4. physical properties(1)1)2)(2)1)2)3)(3)1)2)3)5.(1)1)2)(2)1)2)(3)1)hardness,definition; ,difini ?n 清晰度the hardness scale of mohs;specific spisifik特殊的 gravity densi

11、tydens?ti密度,definition;the measurement;some examplescleavage and fractureinternal int?:n?l 内部的 atomic structure of stone;the division of cleavage.definition of fracture.fr? kt?断裂optical propertiesall optical properties are dependent upon light.what makes colorthe color of a gem depends largely on th

12、e way it absorbs light.According to the color ,gemss division .refractive indexdefinition;the measurement of RI, and DR.lusterthe determination of luster;2) the definition of splendent;splend ?nt光亮的3) the division of luster. interferenee,int?fi?r? ns干扰1) definition; 定义2) the use of interferenee.(5)

13、eat s eyes and stars1) definition2) the oeeurrenee ?k?:r?ns, -k?- 出现 of eat s eyes and star s.6. erystallographycrystal krist ?l结晶，homogeneous ,h?m?d?i:ni?s, ,h?u-同种的 portionp?:?n, p?u- 部分 of matter that has a definite, orderly atomie strueture and an outward form bounded by 周围是、以。为边界 smooth ,plane

14、surfaces, symme-trically arranged.(1) conditions for formation1)the formation conditions of cryptocrystalline,kript ?ukrist ?lain隐晶体的 , rhyoliteand seed crystal.(2) crystallography1) definition;2) some examples.3) The symmetrysimitri对称ofthe crystal;4) The isometric;,ais?umetrik等轴的5)Tetragonal; tetr?

15、 g?n?l四角形的6)Orthorhombic; ,?: 0 ?mbik正交晶的；斜方晶系的7)Monoclinic; ,m?n?uklinik 单斜的； 晶体 单斜晶体的8)Triclinic; traiklinik adj. 三斜晶系的，三斜的9)Hexagonal. heks? g?n?l adj. 六边的，六角形的10)A few elements and compounds k ?mpaund , k ?mpaund 化合物 cancrystallize in two different systems.7.Vocabulary of gemstones.8.diamond(1)t

16、he chemical and physical properties of diamond;(2)formation :tremendoustrimend ?s极大的 greatand tremendouspressure.(3)occurrence:1)the history;2)diam ond deposits;dip ?zit沉淀物(4)diamond cutting1)the primary object of diamond cutting;2)seven popular diamond cut;(5)weight and quality1)the unit: carat,poi

17、nt;(6)history1)the origin of the name.2)The source of the stones.(7)famous diamonds(8)4c four characteristics,k? r?kt?ristiks 特色 that determine thequality of a diamond;1)cut2)color;3)clarity;4)carat weight.(9)the identification of diamond and its imitation1)see-through effect;2)price test;3)pocket 袖

18、珍的 diamond tester.2)four criteria;kraiti ?ri? 条件，标准(10) de eers the international diamond company that keeps your next sale in mind.9.jadeite d?eidait 翡翠1)the most frequent fri:kw ?nt, frikwent 频繁的 treatments;2)a series of tests to the treatments;(1)commercial classification of jadeitetr?10.(1)1)2)3

19、)(2)1)2)3)11.(1)1)2)(2)1)2)3)12.(1)(2)1) the varieties according to its color ,base color, transparencynsp? r?nsi, -p Xtr? nz-, tr an-透明度 and texture.ruby and sapphire s? fai ? 蓝宝石rubythe definition;the chemical and physical properties;occurrrence;sapphiredefinition;occurrence;the chemical and physi

20、cal properties.emerald and aquamarine(beryl)emerald em ?r?ld祖母绿the chemical compositon;occurrence;aquamarine ,? kw?m ?ri:n海蓝宝石the chemical compositons;occurrence.Remark.评论pearlunique position;the structure of pearls;(4)(5)13.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)1)2)3)seasonal si:z?n?l adj.季节的；周期性的

21、；依照季节的cessations sesei ?n中断 from growth;the cultured pearls;the formation of pearls.amberthe compositon ,the formation;the chemical and physical properties;sectility; sektiliti 可切性electrical properties;inclusions; inklu: ?n内含物fluoresce nee;flu ?res ns荧光性occurrence;vareties;clarification;pressed ambe

22、r;dyeing; daii? 染色imitationscopal k?up?l 柯巴脂 resin; rezin 树脂glass;plastics.14.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)15.(1)(2)(3)16.(1)(2)1)2)17.(1)(2)(3)(4)18.observation ,?bz?:vei?n 观察 pointsoutside surface features;damage features;surface treatment and others features;symmetry of cut;internal features.apparatus used in

23、gem identificationthe main apparatus;the spectroscope; spektr ?sk?up 分光镜points to remember;faceting f? sit 面definition;how a stone is faceted;the procure pr?ukju? 获得 of gemstones being faceted;the cutting styles;the fashioning of gemstonesrough;the weight loss accompaning the cutting .the styles of

24、gem cutting;cabochon k? b?n 依天然形状磨圆的宝石 cut;imitation gemstones and enhancement(1)(2)(3)(4)1)2)3)19.(1)(2)(3)(4)20.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)21.(1)definition;the designation ,dezi Qnei?n 名称 of synthetic;the records of imitation gemstones;the synthesis of gemstones;glass;plastics;compositegemstones;synthetic gem

25、stonesdefinition;the requirements to a man-made gemstone;making a synthetic;two main groups to produce synthetic gemsones;choosing and appropriate ?pr?uprieit, ?pr?upri?t 适当的 setting styleprong pr?Q, pr?:? 刺；贯穿； or claw setting; 爪式镶嵌bezel bez?l 宝石的斜面 setting;channel setting;bead bi:d 珠子 or pave peiv

26、 铺设 setting;flush fl? or gypsy d?ipsi 吉卜赛人的 setting;how to care for and protect your diamond ringcleaning your diamond ring1) diamond is natrual grease gi:s油脂 attrators ?tr? kt?吸引2) soak and wash in warm sudsy s?dzi adj. 肥皂般的；起泡沫的 water;3) usea tooth pick the dirt;4) theprofessional cleaning;(2) sto

27、ring your diamond ring;(3) preventing your diamond from being swieched;1) sto ne switchi ng; swit?转换的2) know your diamond;3) keep the diamond clean;4) have descriptive diskriptiv 描述的 characteristics of your diamond;5) have a diagram dai ? g? m 图表 or photograph;22. exercises(1)环宇珠宝首饰有限公司环宇珠宝首饰有限公司以珠宝

28、首饰的生产、 加工、销售为龙头， 拥有代表目前国内 外高技术水平的宝石、翡翠、黄金检测设备和一批造诣资深的宝石专家及高级管理人 才。环宇首饰品追逐国际首饰最新潮流， 款式精美华丽， 高贵典雅。 即淋漓尽致地闪烁 了天然之灵光，又极富艺术地超越了人工之创意。天然与雕饰，皆极尽清水出芙蓉之 风采。金昌珠宝饰品在新加坡、台湾、韩国、泰国及港、澳台地区、大陆市场形成了 一个坚实的销售网络。环宇珠宝首饰品在与国际珠宝市场接轨的同时， 还致力于向产业集团化经营格局纵 深。目前，公司的房地产业、装潢设计业、出口贸易等产业发展势头迅速，前景广阔， 如日中天。2）日本珠宝市场暂时难以好转受日本跑摸经济后遗症的拖

29、累， 日本珠宝商最近异一段时间以来， 破产案接连发生。 据与日商有密切贸易关系的香港珠宝商预测，这类破产案可能仅仅只是开始，估计今 年日本珠宝市场不会怎样好转，因此，香港圆心在日本市场经营的厂商一部分业务将 会转向已经饱和的欧美市场，或者印度尼西亚、新加坡和菲律宾等潜力较好的东南亚 市场，但也有一些人在日本市场已经做开，不能贸然抽身，这些人应该针对日本消费 者消费力的变化，降低首饰的档次和价格，以维持销售。日本的珠宝消费目前分为两个层次， 高档消费群需要的是每件 7000-8000 美元的珠 宝，低档消费群只需要每件 200-300 美元的首饰。（3）俄钻石界人士反对与戴比尔斯签协定据俄罗斯新

30、每媒介报道， 俄罗斯钻石生产企业联合总裁贝奇科夫表示， 俄罗斯最好 不要同DEBEER签署协定，只同它就协调未加工的钻石在世界市场上的价格和销售量 方面达成一致。他认为，俄罗斯应该停止出口钻石原料， 应该将其加工成钻石和将全部销售利润留 在本国。现在俄罗斯钻石工业有足够的能力加工本国开采的钻石原料。根据去年2月同俄罗斯签署的合作原则备忘录，DEBEEF必须每年从俄罗斯购买5.5 亿美元的未加工钻石。但是，去年 9月份起草的将备忘录具体化的贸易协定草案，俄 联邦政府将在研究中，签署日期一再顺延。EXERCISETranslate english into chinesePart 1 new ma

31、ster pearl grading setGIA GEM Instruments is offering a new Cultured Pearl Master Comparison Set, designed for describing strands of bead-nucleated , salt water cultured pearls. The grading factors also can be used to evaluate the pearls in other forms of jewelry as well as different types of cultur

32、ed pearls or natural pearls.Developed by Richard Drucher ,Publisher ofThe Guide ,The Cultered PearlMaster Comparison Set serves the same role in the selection of pearls as do master diamond color comparison sets in the masterstone grading process ,but it is used for grading other quality factors din

33、 addition to color.“The Cultured Pearl Master Comaprison Set is an invaluable tool for buying ,selling ,and evaluating pearls”,said GIA GEM Instruments CEO DICKAgnew. “It takes you through the comarison of color ,luster ,narcethickness ,shape spotting and make-all the grading factros needing to cons

34、idered in a cultured pearl strand. ”Part 2Optical properties of gemstonesThe beauty of gems depends to a large extent on their optical properties .themost important optical properties. include fire ,the display of prismatic colors; dichroism ,the ability of somegemstones to present two different col

35、ors when viewed in different directions ;an transparency. Diamond is highly prized ,because of its fire and brilliancy ,ruby and emerald because of the intensity and beauty of their colors ,and star sappire and star ruby because of the star effect ,known as asterism, as well as for their color.In ce

36、rtain gemstones ,notably opals, brilliant areas of color can be seen within the stone ;these areas change in hue and size as the stone is moved . this phenomenon ,knows as play of color, differs from fire and is caused by interference and reflection of the light by tiny irregularities and cracks ins

37、ide the stone. Opals also exhibit milky or smoky reflections from within the gem. Gemsthat are fibrous in structure show irregular interior reflections similar to those seen on watered or moor silk. This optical property ,which is called chatoyancy, si exhibited by several gems, notably the tigereye

38、 and cat -eye.The appearance of a gemas seen by reflected light is another optical property of gemstones and is called luster. The luster of gems is characterized by the terms metallic adamantine (like the luster of the diamond),vitreous(like the luster of glass),resinous ,greasy, silky pearly or du

39、ll. Luster is identification of gems.A gem cannot always be identified by sight alone .it is therefore necessary to rely on measurement of the optical properties that can be determined without harming the stone in any way.The gemologist uses an instrument called a refractmeter to measure the charact

40、eristic property of the stone, know as refractive index, which is its relative ability to refract light .in addition ,an instrument called the polariscope is employed to determine whether a gem in doubly or singly refracting (see CRYSTAL).Emeralds, rubies ,sapphires ,amethysts and synthetic rubies a

41、nd sapphires are all doubly refracting whereas diamonds spinels synthetic spinels garnets and glass are singly refracting .A special dark-field illuminator with a binocular microscope is employed for examining the interior of a gemstone to determine whether it is of natural or artificial origin and

42、to search for inclusions characteristic of a given gemstone.These tests usually are sufficient to identify the rather limited number of materials used as gemstones; occasionally however ,other instruments are required, including a dichrescope ,which measures the property called dichroism or a spectr

43、a(see SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM),Hardness the test ordinarily associated with gem testing is never used on cuy stones by the gemologist.Another physical test that can be give to an unknown stone is the determination of its specific gravity (see DENSITY).for exact determinations various weighing devices

44、 are used ,but rough approximations of the specific gravity of lighter stones can be made by means of a series of liquids of known specific gravity.If the stone will float in a liquid having a specific gravity of 4 and sink in a liquid with a specific gravity of 3, the specific gravity of the stone

45、must lie between these limits and be approximately 3.5.Part 3 GIAThe gemological institute of America first developed a system of diamond grading in the middle “thirties ” .in it the col ors were described after their source; these are still today knownas the “old term ”. in the course of decades Th

46、is system has been superseded by a letter system , in which the letter D represents the best color quality river. The letter s follow in alphabetical order as far as Z. other nomenclatures have been guided largely by the bases of the GIA nomenclature in propounding definitions of terms , so that wit

47、hin the various nomenclatures a good agreement can be found.For clarity grading the GIA developed a system that ,with minor changes in the former descriptions ,is still valid today. The GIA clarity system refers to both internal and external features of a cut diamond.The highest clarity- grade is “flawless ” and refers to cut diamonds which revealno inclusions under 10* magnification and which are also free from external features. Recently in adapting to the traditional European clarity grading according to which