Iodineandthyroiddisease-毕业论文翻译

1、lodi ne and thyroid diseaseKeywords iod ine; thyroid diseaselodine trace elementsto the human body, thenecessary raw materials for synthetic thyroidhormoneplays an extremelyimportantphysiological role in thehuma n body, iod ine the five con ti nents due to geological factors, the prese nee of some i

2、od in e-deficie nt areas, the peoplelivingin the area are widely iodinedeficiencyseriously affect the quality of thepopulati on,havebecome very concerned about the health problems in the intern ati onalepidemiological datain dicatethat apopulation with urinary iodine <50/ L, appearsen demic goite

3、r, whe n <20g / L , almost certai nly therewill be endemiccretinism big country China is also aiodi ne deficie ncy, iod ine deficie ncy, China in 1994 to take a the salt iodizati on method of in terve nti on.1 The distributi on of iodi ne1.1 distributi on in n aturelodine is widely distributed in

4、 rocks, soil, air and water, are mainly distributed in the ocean. Farther from the ocea n, the lower the iod ine content in the air; higherthe altitude, the lower the iodi ne content in the air. lodi ne content is much higher than seawater river water, the iodine content of the river dow nstream wat

5、er higher tha n upstream whe n the iodi ne content in drinking water & lt;5 g / L, the possible occurrenee of iodine deficiency disorders in the metabolism of the food cha in in n ature.iodi ne three, a concen trated two concen trati on and three en richme nt pla nts to absorb soil iod ine level, tw

6、o ani mals from plants to absorb; human beings from animals and pla nts to absorb three iod ine content in ani mal foods tha n plant food; milk, eggs food iodine content than meat products, seafood (flora and faun a), the iod ine content is higher tha n the non-mari ne food.Of 1.2 iodi ne in the dis

7、tributi on of the huma n bodyHuma nin take of iod ine from food and water, ofwhich 80% to 90% from food, 10% to 20% from drinking water, and only 5% from the air. Iod ine in food, i nclud ing inorganic iodi ne, eleme ntal iodi ne and orga niciodi nethree. duri ng digesti on in the in test inal tract

8、 substa ntially is reduced inorganiciodine, almost all absorbed, excesscalcium in the gastrointestinaltract, magnesium andfluori ne ions will hin der the absorptio n of iod ine in the gutfromtheintestinal absorption of iodineapproximatelyfrom20%to 50%of thyroiduptake andthyroid iodinemetabolism in t

9、he mai n place, is the only syn thetic thyroid horm onegla nds. thyroid iod ineuptake,concen trated,synthetic, reserves and secretion.Organic iodine in thethyroid gla nd library, about 8 10mg eno ugh body with3 to 4 mon ths.Urinary iodi ne acco un tedfor 85% of theiodine discharge, fecal iodine acco

10、unted for 10% of the discharge of iodine, a very small part (5%) The sweat excreted. urinary iod ine in take of iod ine can un dersta nd.Urinary iodine <45 / L for severe iodine deficiency, the urine iodi ne 45 100g / L for iodi ne deficie ncy, theurine iod ine> 300呃 / L iod ine excess.2 Iod i

11、ne in the fun cti oning of the huma n bodyThyroid follicular epithelium iodi ne fromtheconcen trati on of low concen trati on to high concen trati on dependent Na +-K +-ATP enzyme.Parietal cells of thegastric mucosa, mammary gla nd epithelial, salivary gla nds, and choroid plexusconcen tratediod ine

12、are iod inecompo unds concen trated 5 to 40 times greater tha n the plasma. thyroid syn thetic thyroid horm one iod ine from food and drinking water, but also re-enter the blood circulatio n of thyroid horm one metabolism off iodide after iodine absorpti on and utilizati on.3 iodi nelodine is compos

13、ed of elementsof thyroxinebythyrox ine (T4) and three-triiodothyro nine(T3) play abiochemical role of iod ine in the thyroid gla nd is not only in volved in the syn thesis and release of thyroid horm one can also regulate the synthesis of thyroid hormone and release. achieve higher levels when the c

14、oncentration of iodine inthethyroid,thyroidiodide andperoxidasecompetitio n, and toin hibitthe peroxidase activity,reduc ingthetyros ineorga nic, in hibiti onof thyroidhorm one syn thesis; supraphysiological doses of iod ine in the thyroid gland can inhibit the release of lysosomal thyroid follicula

15、r inhibitthe thyroid fromthyroglobulinhydrolysis, i nhibits the follicular thyroid horm one release,to quickly reduce the level of thyroidhormone in thebloodcirculati on.mainphysiologicalfun cti onofthethyroidhorm on es:(1)promote metabolism:thevastmajority of orga ni zatio ns in creased oxyge n con

16、 sumpti on, in creased heat producti on. (2) regulate the metabolism of protei ns, fats and sugar metabolism. promote protein andliver and muscle glycogen excessive secretion of thyroid horm onesyn thesis.,but glycoge n and prote in inparticular a large number of skeletal muscle protein decompositi

17、on, expressed as weight loss, fatigue, elevated blood sugar (3) to promote the growth and developme nt: in particular, the long bon es, brain and reproductive orga ns infancy growth and developme nt is esse ntial, the lack of thyroidhormoneis sufferingfrom cretinism. (4)in crease the excitability of

18、 the cen tral n ervous system and regulationas well as strengthenthe role of otherhorm ones and speed up the heart rate, enhance cardiac con tractility and in creased cardiac output. role of thyroid hormone is systemic, affecting the body s synthesis anddecompositi on of nu trie nts excessive horm o

19、ne secreti on, and promote decompositi on greater tha n an abolic role.The 4 iodinedeficiency caused by the thyroiddiseaseBody a series of barriers are collectively referred toas iodi ne deficie ncy disorders (of Iodi ne Deficie ncy Disoders, IDD) by the body due to iodine deficiency, iodine deficie

20、ncy disorders in the clinical performanee mainly depends on the level of iodine deficiency (light, medium, heavy), the body whe n iod ine deficie ncy at thegrowth and developme ntperiod(pre natalperiod, theneon atalperiod,infan cy, adolesce neeor adulthood) aswell as the body of iodinedeficiencycomp

21、ensatorycapacity and response to children in iodine deficiency areas, even in the absenee of goiter and cretinism, adolesce nt IQ, height, weight, and other in dicators below the iodi ne deficie ncies District. iodi ne deficie ncy disorders, includingimpairedmentaldevelopment of the bodycaused by in

22、 sufficie nt iod inein take,goiter,stun tedgrowth or of congenitaldeaf or congenitaldementiadisease .Links to free papers Downl oad Cen ter .com4.1 iod ine deficie ncy and goitreIod ine deficie ncy reduce thyroidsyn thetic thyroidhormone. Pituitary - thyroid axis feedback regulationofpituitary TSH i

23、n creased, elevated thyrotrop in stimulati on of thyroid follicular hyperplasia and hypertrophy, stimulate the thyroid in the case of insufficientiodinein take more iodi ne, the thyroid horm one compe nsatory to a no rmal level, so that goiter 1.4.2 iodi ne deficie ncy and low thyroid fun cti onlodi

24、nemild deficiency can cause goiter if iodinedeficiencyis severe, or enlargement of the thyroidfun cti on can not be compe nsated to no rmal, there will be low thyroid fun cti on (hypothyroidism) the developme nt of the fetal brain systems two vuln erable period, one in 10 to18 weeks, the main impact

25、 of the hearing and the cone system developme nt; ano ther 2 years, 3 mon ths before birth and after birth, the main impact the in tellectual 2.iodine supplementationbeforepregnancyin order topreventiodine deficiency effects on the fetus. iodinedeficie ncy disorders in the n ewbor n physical and men

26、 tal retardati on, early treatme nt can correct iodi ne deficie ncy and iod ine deficie ncy disorders in childre n showed growth retardation,also have an impact on IQ iodine deficiencydisorders in adults impact goiter.5 periodate lead to thyroid disease5.1 periodate with goiterIod in e-i nduced goit

27、re acco un ted for 6% to 12% ofthe populati on is most com mon in the fisherme n and theirfamilies, and their average daily in take of iod ine 50 200mg photo of iodi ne 1 to 2 weeks after the stop, a smallnu mber of patie nts with goiter sig nifica ntly subsided.Ofgoiter and urinary iod ine positive

28、 correlati on, a U-shaped curve. The periodate goitrogen almost all diffuse goiter, was mild to moderate swelli ng, hard texture of iodin e-i nducedgoitreoccurre neetime ranging frommon ths to years after iodi ne uptake.laboratory testsfound in creased urinary iodi ne often> 800 / L, 24hiodineupt

29、ake is low, often less than10%, potassiumperchlorate the excreti ontest positive,no rmalthyroidfun cti on Iod in e-i nduced goiter un clear reas ons, the Plazade role because the latter may not occur; or The excessiveiodineun derm inethyroglobulin;or the excess iodinesusta inedin hibiti onof thyroid

30、 peroxidase activity. oftencan be measuredin serum thyroidautoa ntibodiessuggests the prese nee of a pote ntial thyroid autoim munephe nomena.5.2 periodate caused hypothyroidismThe periodate cause hypothyroidismmecha nismperiodate goitroge nic mecha nism similar, but more severe,or con comita ntthyr

31、oiddysfu ncti on,comb ined withchro niclymphocytic thyroiditis, theenl argedthyroidfun cti on can not be compe nsated to the no rmal fun cti on, so as to cause reduced. the no rmal crowd added 500d iod ine can cause subcli ni cal thyroid dysf un cti on 2.5.3 periodate hyperthyroidismSince the to sup

32、pleme nt iod ine to preve nt en demicgoiter con sta ntly Iod in e-i nducedhyperthyroidism report3. Periodate caused by diversecli ni calfeatures ofhypothyroidism, goiter is the most com mon, the majority of moderate to severe diffuse thyroid swelli ng, inflammation,often past slow A diffuse goitre h

33、istory.powerfuldiagnosticsoon as the basis for the excessiveconsumptionof iodine cause goiter or hypothyroidism,stop iod ine uptake thyroid size and fun cti on retur ned tono rmal. thyroidan tibodiesin the majority of patients,these patie ntspote ntiallyslowthyroiditis,thyroiddysfu ncti onpote ntial

34、issen sitiveto excessiod ine.periodatein ducedhypothyroidismin cide neeun clearwomen than men appearthyroidThe functionlow lesstime is also differe nt from several mon ths to several years.The six iod ine and thyroid can cer iod ine in takeThe excessive thyroid malig nancyrelati on shiphasbecome the

35、 focus of atte nti on from researchers in rece nt years. Scholars believe that Ion g-term excessive in take of iodine to the thyroid can cer in cide nee can be in creased 5WHO iodi ne in take sufficie nt area follicular thyroid can cer in cide nee is lower tha n the iod ine deficie ncy area There is

36、 no clearscie ntificevide nee that salt iodizatio n orexcessive iod ine in take is associated with the in cide nee of thyroid tumors.7 salt iodizati onChina was once one of the most serious national iodine deficie ncy in the world, with a populati on of over700millio niodi nedeficie ncyelim in ati o

37、nof iodi nedeficie ncy disorders mobilizati on meeti ng had acco un ted for 40% of the 1993 State Council of the World Iodine Deficiency patient group chairedby the the nationalcon trol iod ine deficie ncy disorders outl ine decided to promoteuni versalsalt iodizatio n to elim in ateiod inedeficie n

38、cycon trolstrategies.1994 coun tries officiallypromulgated &It;&It; iodizedsalt to eliminate iodinedeficie ncyHazardMan ageme ntOrdinance“ saltiodizati on as a policy for fixed table salt iod ine stre ngthe n the capacity of 20 60mg/kg .2000 developed by theChin eseNutriti onSociety <<Chin ese

39、reside ntsDietaryRefere neeIn take& gt; >iodized salt“recomme ndedin take amount (RNI) is based on the10adult iodized salt EAR +2 SD adult iod ine EAR 120旳 / d, itthe RNI iodi ne should be the China Nati onal Nutriti on andHealth Survey data 150 g/d.2002 years, our residents average per sta ndard

40、 salt in take 12g, urba n 10.9g, rural 12.4g. enhan ceme nt amount much higher tha n 6g of saltin take .2010 July, the Mi nistry of Health ann ou needan atio nal food safety sta ndards edible salt iod ine content (draft) & It ;&It; > >, the salt iodi ne dow n while givi ng aroundautonomyfor th

41、e eonsumptionof the averageiodine content of salt 20 to 30mg/kg.8 Con clusi onIod ine is an esse ntialmicro nu trie nt,in sufficie ntin take and excess are cause adverse health impact 7.Country is one of the iod ine deficie ncy in a wide range ofcoun tries,since thepreve nti onof iod inedeficie ncyd

42、isordersin policy since the 1994impleme ntati onofuni versalsalt iodizati oniod ineofmarine fish,thein cide neeof iodinedeficiencydisorders continuedtodecline, and basically achieve the goal of eliminating iodi ne deficie ncy disorders. con sumpti on of iodized salt in iodine area, do not have to. seafood iod ine content should also pay atte ntio n to their daily lives. amount 163 3180卩g/kg