高考英语语法复习：连词(讲解+练习)

1、语法：连词linkwords连词是虚词，不能在句中单独担任成分，只起连接作用。按其用法，连词可分为两大类：并列连词(coordinateconjunctions)和从属连词(subordinateconjunctions)。一并列连词：连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。1.并列关系：and,notonlybutalso,bothand,neithernoriusedtoliveinparisandlondon.bothjaneandjimareinterestedinfishing.theweatherhereisneithertoocoldnortoohot.sheisnotonlykind

2、butalsohonest.2.转折关系：but,yet,while(然而),when(然而，偏偏)thecarisveryoldbutitrunsveryfast.theproblemwasalittlehard,yetiwasabletoworkitout.thewinterinbeijingisverycoldwhilethatofkunmingiswarm.whydidyouborrowthebookwhenyouhadone?3.选择关系：or,notbut,eitheror,wouldyouliketoliveorwouldyouliketostay?heisnotateacher

3、butawriter.youcancomeeitheronsaturdayoronsunday.4.因果关系：foritmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.theleavesofthetreesarefalling,foritsalreadyautumn.5.区别（1）and和or1)并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个

4、否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题-idontlikechicken_fish.-idontlikechicken,_ilikefishverymuch.a.and；andb.and；butc.or；butd.or；and答案c。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错：(错)wewilldiewithoutairandwater.(错)wecantlivewithoutairorwater.(对)wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(对)wecantlivewithoutairandwater.(2)表示选择的并列结构1)or意思为否则。imus

5、tworkhard,orillfailintheexam.2)eitheror意思为或者或者。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。eitheryouoriamright.(3)表示转折或对比1)but表示转折，while表示对比。somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.典型例题-wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-idliketo,_imtoobusy.a.andb.soc.asd.but答案d。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。2)notbut意思为不是而是not和but后面的用

6、词要遵循一致原则。theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.(4)表原因关系1)for判断改错：(错)forheisill,heisabsenttoday.(对)heisabsenttoday,forheisill.for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。2)so,thereforehehurthisleg,sohecouldntplayinthegame.注意：a.两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。youcanwatchtv,and/

7、oryoucangotobed.hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldntplayinthegame.b.althoughyet，但although不与but连用。(错)althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework.(对)althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.(5)注意：notonlybutalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwrite

8、some.neithernor意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。(6)比较so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。so+adj.such+a(n)+n.so+adj.+a(n)+n.such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.(pl.)such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.不可数such+n.不可数sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersom

9、any/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeoplesomany已成固定搭配，alotof虽相当于many，但alotof为名词性的，只能用such搭配。sothat与suchthat之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。二从属连词：指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引导原因状语从句的：because,since,as引导让

10、步状语从句的：although,though,nomatter（无论）,evenif(though)引导条件状语从句的：if,unless,once,as(so)longas引导结果状语从句的：so,sothat,sothat,suchthat引导目的状语从句的：so,sothat,inorderthat引导比较状语从句的：asas,notso(as),as,than引导方式状语从句的：as,asif,asthough引导地点状语从句的：where，wherever引导名词性从句（主语，宾语、表语或同位语从句）的连词主要有：that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether间或还

11、可以引起同位从句和状语从句。（一）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1、当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别：while引导的状语从句中动词必须是延续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while的这些用法可用when代替，等于“atthetimethat”,“duringthetimethat”。例如：pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying；when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“atthetime”，when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以是延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进

12、行时，或完成时。例如：wheniwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.（不能用while）heoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingenglish.（when可换成while）as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。“例如：as(when,while)iwaswalkingdownthestreet,inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37.when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：when(hew

13、as)young,heworkedforarichman.shellbeheretogiveyouhelpwhen(ifitis)necessary.when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：illcomewhen(if)imfree.2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；beforeicouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。3、till,until作为介

14、词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为notuntil(till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到为止”。例如：theyplayedvolleyballuntil(till)itgotdark.theydidnttalk（延续）until(till)theinterpreter（译员）came.hedidntgotobed（非延续）until(till)thehisfathercameback.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonp

15、laying.notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（倒装）；till,until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.（要用asfaras或to）。4、because,since,as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.；如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或s

16、ince。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest./sinceeveryoneishere,nowletsbegin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although,though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet,still。例如：although/thoughitrainedallthemorning,theystillwentonworking.（

17、或yettheywentonworking）though常与even连用，eventhough表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说evenalthough，例如：eventhoughididntunderstandaword,ideptsmiling.though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：itwasaquietparty,ihadagoodtime,though.6、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：idontbelievehewasonceathief.(once这里是

18、副词)/oncearistotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.(once连词)7、unless引导条件状语从句等于ifnot。例如：hellacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.(=hellacceptthejobifthesalaryisnottoolow.)8、在用asif引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.但有

19、时也可用直陈语气。itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.9、whether,if引导从句的用法区别：引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：whethertheywillgotothegreatwallisnotknown./thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime./thequestionwhetherwewilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided.whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：ihaventdecidedwhethertole

20、aveornot.whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney./whetherhewillcome,iamnotsure.whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：couldyoutelluswhether/ifitrainsinwinterinaustralia?/iwonderifitdoesntrain.引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与ornot连用

21、。连用时要注意ornot的位置，它一般与whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：idontknowwhether/iftheywillcomeornot./idontknowwhetherornottheywillcome.if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。as引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”。例如：as(hewas)ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostma

22、ster./hesangasheworked.as引导方式状语从句，意为“象一样”。例如：wemustdoasthepartyteachesus.as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”childasheis,hecandoitwell.(=althoughheisachild,hecandoitwell.)另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：ihavethesamebookasyou.连词while是高考一个命题的热点，你知道其考点主要涉及哪些方面吗？一、考查表示时间的用法，

23、其意为“当的时候”。如：wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。standstillwhileitakeyourphotograph.我给你拍照时站着不要动。havewegotenoughbookstoreadwhileweareonholiday?假期里我们有足够的书看吗?werethereanycallsformewhileiwasout?我出去的时候，有人来过电话吗?shehatesanyonelisteningwhilesheistelephoning.她打电话时不愿让任何人听。二、考查表示让步的用法，其意为“尽管”“虽然”。如：whilethewo

24、rkwasdifficult,itwasinteresting.虽然工作有难度，但很有趣。whileiunderstandwhatyousay,icantagreewithyou.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。三、考查表示对比的用法，其意为“而”“但”。如：somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaventenough.一些人糟踏食物而另一些人却食不果腹。iwentswimmingwhiletheothersplayedtennis.我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了。pricesarerisingsharply,whileincomesarelaggingfarbe

25、hind.物价飞涨而收入却远远落后。注：这样用时，while引出的句子通常位于末，但有时也可位于句首。如：whilemostchildrenlearntoreadeasily,someneedextrahelp.大多数儿童学会阅读很容易，有一些儿童却需要特别帮助。whiledeauvilleisaholidayresort,trouvilleismoreofaworkingtown.特维尔是个度假胜地，而特鲁维尔更多的却是个工业城市。四、考查其省略用法，即主句与从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有动词be时，通常可省略从句主语和动词be。如：while(hewas)inprison,shewrot

26、eherfirstnovel.她在狱中写出了第一部小说。hehadstrayedfromhomewhilestillaboy.他小时候就离开家到处流浪了。hefellasleepwhile(hewas)doinghishomework.他做着做着功课就睡着了。iwasonlylisteningtotheradiowithhalfanear,while(iwas)preparingsomefood.我正在做吃的东西，没太留心听收音机。【考点实训】1.shejustsitstherereadingherstorybook,_idoallthework.a.untilb.whilec.because

27、d.though2.theireconomyhasexpandedenormously,_ours,bycontrast,hasdeclined.a.whileb.unlessc.incased.which3.couldyouwatchmybagsforme,_igotothetoilet?a.thoughb.unlessc.whatd.while4.theprofessoristypinghisownletters_hissecretaryisill.a.whatb.whichc.ifd.while5.shesaidshewasgoingtotheshopsandaskedmewhether

28、iwantedanything_shewasout.a.thoughb.whilec.whichd.before6.teaisthemostpopulardrink,_coffeecomessecond.a.sinceb.untilc.whatd.while7.schoolsinthenorthtendtobebetterequipped,_thoseinthesoutharerelativelypoor.a.sinceb.beforec.whiled.because8.itisnoaccidentthatmenfillmostofthetopjobsinnursing,_womenremai

29、nonthelowergrades.a.afterb.sincec.whiled.which9._tryingtoopenthecan,icutmyhand.a.thoughb.becausec.ford.while10.somepeoplepreferavegetariandiet,_otherspreferameat-baseddiet.a.thoughb.whilec.whichd.for11.hedidntaskmein;hekeptmestandingatthedoor_hereadthemessage.a.whileb.beforec.afterd.which12.nowsthet

30、imetobuyacar,_theinterestratesarelow.a.butb.whichc.whiled.until13.thecoupletookgoodcareofthebaby_occupiedbytheirwork.a.whileb.afterc.whichd.since14.howdidyouspendyourtime_youwereonholiday?a.althoughb.whilec.whichd.since15.becausejanehadoncehadabadaccident_driving,shewasafraidtotryitagain.a.thoughb.u

31、nlessc.ford.while（以上答案均是while）练习连词1.heisveryold,_hestillworksveryhard.a.butb.ifc.whend.as2._youaredismissed.a.neitheryougonorb.eitheryougoorc.whetheryougoord.bothyougoand3.theyhadcampedoncebefore,_theyknewwhattotake.a.becauseb.nowc.sod.since4.whythesethingshappenedwas_thedriverhadbeencareless.a.beca

32、useofb.owingtoc.duetod.that5.although,itsraining,_arestillworkinginthefields.a.theyb.buttheyc.andtheyd.sothey6._wehavesatisfiedyou,youhavenogroundsofcomplaint.a.sob.sincethatc.nowthatd.bynow.7.writeclearly_yourteachercanunderstand.youcorrectly.a.sinceb.forc.becaused.sothat8.youllmissthetrain_youhurr

33、yup.a.unlessb.asc.ifd.until9.francisdidthetask_hisbrother.a.asgoodasb.asbetterasc.aswellasd.asbestas10.thesizeoftheaudience,_wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.a.asb.whatc.thatd.whom11.ithoughthehatedthetv.youareright,_hestillwatchestheprogram.a.yetb.besidesc.alsod.then12.itlooks_itsgoingtorain

34、.a.thatb.asc.asifd.likethat13._tonewyork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.a.becauseshewentb.aftershewentc.whenshewentd.sinceshewent14._hedaydreamed,petersawfiguresinthesky.a.untilb.sincec.whiled.during15.wearrivedatthestation_thetrainhadleft.a.afterb.beforec.sinced.when16._hewasinpoorhealth,heworkedjusta

35、shardaseveryoneelse.a.butb.althoughc.evenifd.if17.givemeonemoreminute_illhavefinished.a.sob.untilc.andd.when18.theworkerhuntedforjobsinnewyorkformonths,_hecouldnotfindanywork.a.andb.yetc.ord.andbut19.hurryup,_youllbelate.a.orb.andc.sod.yet20.donotmakethesamemistake_idid.a.sob.asc.liked.that21.mysist

36、erisexpectingme,_imustbeoffnow.a.howeverb.orc.sod.otherwise22.weshouldpayattention_toindustry_toagriculture.a.either,orb.neither,norc.not,butd.both,and23.heranoff_icouldstophim.a.beforeb.afterc.sinced.when24._youtoldme,ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.a.tillb.untilc.afterd.since25.wherehaveyoubeen_you

37、lefthome?a.beforeb.asc.sinced.when26._theproblemofmethodissolved,talkingaboutthetaskisuseless.a.untilb.sincec.afterd.unless27.wehaveproduced15%morecottonthisyear_wedidlastyear.a.asb.thanc.liked.white28.itislate;_,imtootiredtogoout.a.besidesb.exceptc.exceptford.exceptthat29.everythingaroundusis_solid

38、.liquid_gas.a.not.but.b.either.or.c.neither.nor.d.whether.or.30.hewillcome_youaskhim.a.whetherb.unlessc.ifd.while31._hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.a.ifb.wherec.thatd.whether32.idontknow_tostayathomeorgoout.a.whetherb.ifc.howd.where33.hespokeloudly_theaudiencecouldhearhimclearly.a.sob.thatc.sothatd.i

39、norderto34.thebookisnoteasy._itsratherdifficult.a.ontheonehandb.onthecontraryc.ontheotherhandd.ontheothercontrary35.youmustworkhard,_youwillnotlearnenglishwell.a.ifb.whetherc.otherwised.unless36.itrainedheavily,_thebasketballmatchhadtobeputoff.a.sothatb.whenc.otherwised.therefore37.wemustdo_thepeopl

40、ewantustodo.a.whateverb.howeverc.whereverd.whenever38.youarecertainlyright,_othersmaysay.a.whatb.whateverc.thatd.as39._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.a.whob.whatc.whoeverd.whatever40.illdiscussitwithyou_youliketocome.a.whenb.wherec.whoeverd.whenever41._youwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.a

41、.whereverb.wheneverc.whered.when42._youunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.a.onceb.atoncec.onlyd.onlythen43._difficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.a.nomatterhowb.nomatterwhatc.nomatterwhend.nomatterwhere44.wecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties_,_wearecloselyunited.a.sofarasb.sol

42、ongasc.assoonasd.aswellas45._iknowhewillstayhereforhalfayear.a.assoonasb.aslongasc.sofarasd.aswellas46.pleasewriteme_youarriveinnewyork.a.aswellasb.solongasc.asfarasd.assoonas47.thatisnot_iwant.a.thatb.whyc.whatd.whose48._hediditremainsasecret.a.whatb.whomc.whichd.how49.itisquiteclear_hewontseeus.a.

43、whatb.thatc.whyd.how50.wouldyoutellme_wayishouldtake?a.whatb.thatc.whichd.whose51.iamsure_yousaidistrue.a.whatb.thatc.whichd.who52.thetroubleis_wecannotfindsuchanexpert.a.whyb.thatc.whered./53.ithasnotbeendecided_theywillleave.a.whyb.whenc.whichd.what54.weshallgo_youareready.a.whileb.assoonasc.asd.s

44、ince55.hewilltellyouaboutit_yougetthere.a.whileb.asc.whend./56.donttrytogetoffthebus_ithasstopped.a.whileb.asc.sinced.before57.illcomeandseeyou_igotothecountryside.a.whileb.when.c.assoonasd.before58._hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofenglish.a.whileb.whenc.sinced.after59.thingshavechangedalot_iwrotetoyoulasttime.a.whenb.sincec.asd.before60.icantuseyourpen,_th