初升高英语衔接班

1、.本周教学内容初升高英语衔接班第6讲再看宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语二.重、难点（一）宾语从句宾语从句是名词性从句之一，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可带 有宾语从句。某些形容词（如： sure , happy , glad , certain , pleased等）之后也可以带有宾语从 句。1. 由that引导的宾语从句：that引导的是一个陈述句，在宾语从句中只起连接的作用，没有含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份，因而在口语和非正式场合常可以省略，这一点请大家区分 一下引导定语从句的that，这两种情况是很不相同的，不可混淆。eg.I think that it is n

2、ecessary for the people s health to get rid of the pollution of noise .我认为消除噪音污染对人们的健康是必要的。Hearing that his son was badly wounded , he rushed to the hospital to see him .他听说儿子受了重伤，急忙赶到医院去看望他。The mother likes say ing that she has a good daughter .母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。I am sure （ that）she will like the presen

3、t .我确信她会喜欢这个礼物的。We are glad （ that）so many old friends will come to our party .我们很高兴这么多老朋友要来参加我们的聚会。The headmaster said that we would visit the scie nee museum the next Sun day .校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。Our teacher of physics suggested that we （ should） try to make some electronic toys ourselves .我们的物理老师建议

4、我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。注意：在suggest，dema nd, order, in sist等表示要求；建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句 中，谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。2. 由whether，if引导的宾语从句，它们引导的是一般疑问句，在从句中有含义（是否），不充当成份，不可以省去。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但有的情况下只能用whether，不可用if:（1） 当后接不定式时，只能用whether，不能用if。（2） 用于句首时不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。（3）后面有or not时，只可以用 whether，不能用if。当然if还有“

5、如果”之意，引导条件状语从句，而whether则无此功能。eg.I want to know whether （ if）you can repair the recorder for me . 我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。s shops in this street .She asked whether（ if）there were any chemist 她问这条街上有没有药房。3. 由 who, what, how , which , whose, where, when, why 等引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me who came first this morning

6、. 请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。The reporter will talk to us about what he saw and heard in Japa n .这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。The liste ners were much in terested in how the man became an artist .听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。Please show me which bus I should take to get to the People s Park .请您指点一下，我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。I want to know

7、whose pen is left on the table in the reading room .我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。Do you know where the museum is ? 你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗Please tell me whe n Ein ste in won the Nobel Prize for physics .请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。Please expla in to me why heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed .请给我解释一下，为什么重的

8、物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。4. 宾语从句的时态：把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的，当主句为现在的时态时，从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态；当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去的一种时态，但此时要注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理，则仍使用一般现在时，不可换为过去时。 另外，我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这 句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实，这时的从句应用过去时，但在口语或非正式的场合下，也有使用一般现在时的情况，正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时，说成He told me that hisbrother was a doctor yes

9、terday .5. 注意宾语从句的语序：在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序，而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。6. 另外还要注意由 what, where, how引导的宾语从句，当主句的主语与从句的主语相同 时可转换成“疑问词 +动词不定式”的简单句形式。如：I am not sure which sweater I should choose . = I am not sure which sweater to choose .（二）初谈直接引语与间接引语1. 概述：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。如：Joh n said ,“I am goi

10、ng to London n ext wee约勺翰说：“下周我将要去伦敦。”She said ,“ We have eno ugh time to finish the work .”她说：“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。”说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更动，这叫做间接引语。如：Joh n said that he was going to London the next week . 约翰说他下周要去伦敦。She said that they had eno ugh time to finish the work .她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾

11、语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。2. 各种句式的变化：1）陈述句：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that引导（that在口语中常省 略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化。如：He said to me ,“ I broke your CD player .He toldme that he had broken my CD player .She said ,“ I ll go there tomorrows he said that s he would come here the next / followi ngday .He sa

12、id ,“ These books are minro He saidthat those books were his .She said ,“ I ll come here this afternroorShe said that she would go there that after noon .He said ,“ Light travels much faster than souncTO He said that light travels much faster thansound .（注意：直接引语若是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变）（2）疑问句： 一般疑问句：要用连词

13、 whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him或us等）。如：He said ,“ Are you interested in English TO He asked （hne） if I was interest in English . 特殊疑问句：仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：“ What can I do for you ?” he rokHnasked （me） what he could do for me . 祈使句：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上t

14、ell, ask, order等动词，其句型是：tell / ask / order sb. （not） to do sth.。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上“ Make sure the door is shut ,not。如：” she said to hror lStestold .her little son to make sure the door was shut .Don t smoke in the room ,he saicH tmld me not to smoke in the room .【典型例题】例 1 I think it s going to be a

15、 big probl（n2002 北京春季）Yes , it could be .I wonder we can do about it .A. if B. how C. what D. that答案：选择Co评析：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题，根据题意，需要 一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的宾语的词。因此 C为正确选择。例 2 Some one is ringing the doorbell . Go and see . （2000 上海）A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 答案：D评

16、析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时，要用代词it，不用she或he。例 3 Quite a few people used to believe that disaster if a mirror was broken . （2002 上海）A. was sure of strik ingB. was sure of havi ng struckC. was sure to be struckD. was sure to strike答案：D评析：本句意为 过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。用be sure to do的句型，此处的strike为不及物动词。例

17、4 What does she want ? I don t know whatA. does she wantB. did she wantC. she wan tedD. she wants答案：DA、B,而由问句的时态及主句的时态ll let you know .评析：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除 判断应为一般现在时，故选D。例 5 I don t know if she. But if she , IA. will come , comesB. will come , will comeC. comes , comesD. comes , will come答案：选择A评析：

18、if可引导两种从句，宾语从句（第一个if ）和条件状语从句（第二个if），宾语从句时态由主句决定，而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求，故选A。【模拟试题】综合练习（一）1. Great Wall is Iongest wall in the world .A. The , theB. A , aC. The , aD. A , the2.-Is this your bedroom ?- No , it s room .A.the childre nB. the childre nC. of the childre nD. a childre ns3. The water behind the

19、 Three Gorges Dam （三峡大坝） should be higher than downstream（下游）.A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters4. He spoke very fast and very people understood what he said .A. little B. a little C. few D. a few5. children there are in a family , their life will be

20、.A. The less , the better B. The fewer , the better C. Fewer , richer D. More , poorer6. did you like the trip to Hainan ? It was won derful .A. WhenB. How C. Where D. What7. Taiwan is the southeast of China .A. in B. to C. on D. at8. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning .A. whil

21、e B. whe n C. as D. so9. I take some photos in the hall ? No , you .A. Can , needn t B. Must , mustn t C. Could , won t D. May , mustnt10. You d better to send me an email when you get home .A. not to forget B. don t forget C. to not forget D. not forget11. How about to the cin ema on Sun day ?A. go

22、 B. to go C. going D. will go12. When I was at college I three foreign Ianguages , but I all except for a fewwords of each .A. spoke , had forgotte nB. spoke , have forgotte nC. had spoke n , had forgotte n13. The police found that the house _A. has broke n into , has bee n stole nC. has bee n broke

23、 n into , stole n14. Our foreign teacher will go back for tomorrow .A. say hello toB. say sorry toD. had spoke n , have forgotte nand a lot of things .B. had broke n into , had bee n stole nD. had bee n broke n into , had bee n stole nChristmas . We will go and her at the airportC. say goodbye to D.

24、 say excuse to15. Mary s brother had a talk at school yesterday after noon ,A. had he B. hadn t he C. did he D. didn t he16. Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow .A. is B. am C. are D. be17. Mum ? May I go out and play basketball ? you your homework yet ?A. Do , fin ishB.

25、Are , fin ishi ngC. Did , fin ish18. Excuse me , to the nearest bookshop , please ? Go straight and take the sec ond tur ning on the left .A. where the way isD. Have , fini shed19. This dress was last year? I th ink it still looks perfectA. so thatB. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is

26、the way s style . it has gone out this year .20. ThereA. he21. ThatB. eve n though C. as if D. ever sinces some one at the door . Can you go and see who is ?B. she C. that D. its the only thing can t be forgotten in my life .B. which C. who D. /”_is forA. that22. “ Nighti ngal PrizeA. workers B. sci

27、e ntists C. doctors23. I m sorry . I mistook you for Lucy .D. nu rsesA. Not at allB. I m sorry , too C. It s a pleasure D. That s all right24. Jim and I will go to the post office this after noon .? . go together ?t B. So do I , What aboutA. So I do , Why donC. So I will, How aboutD. So will I , Sha

28、ll we综合练习（二）1.1 hope you ll have good time at party .A. a , / B. an , the C. a , a D. a , the2. The market isn t far from here . It bicyecteilyde .A. half an hours B. half an hour C. half an hour D. an hour and a half3. I was 8 years old whe n my father was 31 . This year my father is twice my age .

29、 How old am IA. 21. B. 22. C. 23. D. 24.4. Which of the two En glish diet ion aries will you buy ? I ll buy of them , so I can give one to my friend , Helen .A. either B. neither C. allD. both5. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise .A. fewer , more B. more , less C. little ,

30、much D. less , more6. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake .A. someth ing stra ngeB. anything stra ngeC. stra nge someth ingD. stra nge any thi ng7. , China will send up a spaceship with people into space .A. Before long B. So for C. From the n onD. Long before8. The book w

31、as so interesting that he read it for three hours he realized it .A. whe n B. un til C. after D. before9. Where s Bob ? He has gone to Paris with his sister . He be back in two weeks .A. has to B. will C. should D. must10. Hello ! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight ? I m sorry I can

32、 t . Mother won m6to go out in the evening .A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask11. Betty was heard in her bedroom .A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang12. Alice , why didn t you come yesterday ? I , but I had an unexpected visitor .A. had B. would C. was going to D. did13. The Chinese Communist Party in

33、Shanghai in 1921 .A. was found B. found C. was foun dedD. foun ded14. The young man broke his arm in the accident and had to his job .A. send up B. put up C. give upD. get up15. My uncle the Party in 1970 . He for over 28 years .A. jo ined , has joined the PartyB. jo ined , has bee n a Party memberC

34、. has joined , has bee n in the PartyD. has joined , is in the Party16. There will be a volleyball match in our school , ?A. be thereB. is thereC. will thereD. won there17. What s on the plate ?Theresome bread on it .A. isB. areC. hasD. have18. The scientist knows two Ianguages . He can speak _A. ei

35、ther , orB. n either , norC. both , and19. Could you tell me A. which room he livesB. which room he livedC. which room did he live inD. which room he lives in20. No matterA. whereEnglish D. so , that busy he is , he won t give up his hobby .B. how C. what D. who21. In the street I met the scie ntist

36、A. heB. whichC. whogave us a talk last week .D. what22. You can find the followi ng INSTRUCTIONS onKEEP IN A COLD PLACEA. foodFrench .B. money C. clothes23. Would you like some more chicke n ? . I m full .D.booksA. Yes , pleaseB. No , tha nks24. Who is singing in the n ext room ? is MaryB. SheC. Yes

37、 , I wouldD. No , I would nA. Thiss sister .C. HeD. It综合练习（三）1. I like playi ngA. / , the2. Last ni ght , there was a food accide nt . TenA. child , lives B. childre n , lifeB. / , /football and my sister likes play ingC. the , the D. a , the were ill , but nopia no .were lost .3. The doctor worked

38、forafter twelve oC. childre n , lives D. child , life clock .A. two more hours B. two ano ther hourC. more two hoursD. ano ther two hour4. When shall we meet aga in n ext time ? day is OK .A. Either B. NeitherC. None? I still can5. Would you please say itA. loudly B. slowly C. more loudly6. shall we

39、 meet in the park ? What about half past eight ?A. What B. When C. WhereD. Anyt follow you .D. more slowly7. Either Bob or PeterA. isD. Which watchi ng the 17th World Cup now .B. are C. am D. be8. You will be able to get good marks .A. while you are doing your homework by yourselfB. if you do some r

40、evisi on every dayC. before you begi n to study hardD. un til you follow your teachers advice9. Don t forget to post this letter for me , please .? No , I .A. don t B. won tC. mustn t D. can t10.1 prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one .A. to pay ingB. to pay C. not to pa

41、y D. rather tha n pay11. Kate spent most of her free time TV plays .A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watch ing12. Great changes in my home town since liberation .A. have bee n take n placeB. took placeC. have take n placeD. were take n place13. The water will be further polluted uni ess some measu

42、res .A. will be take nB. are take n C. were take n D. had bee n take n14. They the newspaper when I went into their room .A. were readi ngB. are readi ngC. have read D. will readt find out what was wron，15. Aga in and aga in the doctor the crying girl , but the could nwith her .A. looked over B. loo

43、ked after C. looked for D. looked at16. There is little milk in the bottle , ?A. isn t it B. is it C. isn t there D. is there17. Do you know where my teacher lives ? She lives 150 Kenming Road .A. at , in B. at , on C. on , at D. in , at18. , how many books have you read ? . Because I m busy these d

44、ays .A. Last year , A fewB. So far , FewC. Two days later , So manyD. Last week , Many a few? Really ? Do you know A. what subject does he teachC. what subject he teaches20. Tom will come to see us A. if B. un tilC. while19. I hear we ll have a new teacher this term .B. what subject will he teachD. what subject is he going to teach he is free tomorrow .D. as2