《冬季鸡舍通风》PPT课件.ppt

1、VENTILATING POULTRY HOUSES DURING COLD WEATHER 冬季鸡舍通风冬季鸡舍通风 YANTAI Bernard Green Why We Ventilate 为什么要通风为什么要通风 We ventilate to: 通风是为了: Create an air exchange 空气交换 Control moisture levels (relative humidity/RH) 控制湿度 Supply oxygen提供氧气 Remove harmful gases (CO, CO, NH) 排出有害气体 Control the heat load 控制热量

2、积聚 Control the bird effective temperature 控制鸡群体感温度 Combination of temperature, relative humidity, air speed, bird age 温度、湿度、风速及鸡的年龄综合作用 Always ventilate to achieve and maintain BIRD COMFORT 通风始终要达到并保持鸡群舒适 How We Ventilate 如何进行通风如何进行通风 At or below set point temperature minimum ventilation 低于设定温度 - 最小

3、通风 Regardless of outside temperature, a certain amount of fresh air must be brought into the house 无论外界温度如何，鸡舍都要有一定的新鲜空气进入 Maintain air quality 保持空气质量 Maintain floor/house temperature 保持垫料及鸡舍温度 Bird comfort is achieved through maintaining good temperature control 保持鸡舍温度稳定使鸡群舒适 No air movement at bir

4、d level 鸡群高度位置没有风速 Fans operate on a cycle timer 风机通过循环定时钟控制 How We Ventilate 如何进行通风如何进行通风 Above set point temperature transition and tunnel ventilation 高于设定温度 - 过渡通风和纵向通风 Fans run continuously 风机持续运转 Higher rate of ventilation 通风量较大 Remove bird heat from the house 排出鸡群产生的热量 Tunnel Ventilation - coo

5、l the birds with air movement (windchill) 纵向通风 通过空气流动降低鸡群温度 Pad cooling assists tunnel ventilation by cooling the air 湿帘冷却 - 通过冷却空气提高纵向通风效果 Bird comfort is priority! 鸡群舒适最重要！鸡群舒适最重要！ When Do We Use Min Vent? 什么时候采用最小通风什么时候采用最小通风 It can be used summer and winter 可以在夏季及冬季使用 It is used anytime the actu

6、al house temperature is below the required set point temperature for the birds 鸡舍温度低于理想的设定温度时就可以使用 It is used when trying to maintain temperature, but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 为了保持温度但是还需要一定的新鲜空气进入鸡舍一保持 空气质量 When the house temperature goes abov

7、e the required set point temperature, then it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 当鸡 舍的温度超过设定的要求温度时，就不再进行最小通风 Set Point Temperature设定温度设定温度 Minimum Ventilation 最小通风最小通风 Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 过渡及纵向通风过渡及纵向通风 Bird Requirements 鸡只需求鸡只需求 Warm floor during brooding 育雏时温暖的地面 Good temperatu

8、re control 良好的温度控制 Good air quality (oxygen) 良好的空气质量 No temperature fluctuations 温度没有波动 No drafts 没有贼风 No environmental stresses 没有环境应激 It doesnt matter what type of housing you have! 不管是什么类型的鸡舍 These are the bird requirements and somehow you must provide them 这是鸡的需求，你必须提供给它们 Closed environment hous

9、es are better equipped to provide this 密闭鸡舍的良好设备能更好地提供这些要求 Your House The Starting Point 鸡舍鸡舍 是基础是基础 The “quality” of the house can make or break any ventilation system 鸡舍的“质量”可以运行或破坏任何通风系统的运行 Regardless of the type of ventilation system, it is important to SEAL THE HOUSE 无论何种通风方式，密闭鸡舍非常重要 Gives bet

10、ter control over what is happening inside 对于鸡舍内部情况能够更好的控制 Reduces the effect of outside conditions 减少外界条件的影响 Gives you more control over the incoming air 更好地控制新鲜空气的进入 Roof insulation plays a key role 屋顶隔热性能起到关键的作用 A good house is: 好的鸡舍是： Well sealed, air tight 密闭良好，无漏风 Well insulated 隔热性能良好 Minimum

11、House Pressure Based on Fan Capacity and House Size 基于鸡舍大小及风机通风量的最小负压基于鸡舍大小及风机通风量的最小负压 11151500185022302600300033503720 House Floor Area (m) 51000 47600 44200 41000 37500 34000 30600 Test Fan (m/hr) 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses 鸡舍密闭性能差造成的问题鸡舍密闭性能差造成的问题

12、 Cold floors due to drafts 因贼风而造成较凉的地面 Cold drafts onto the chicks/birds 冷的贼风吹到鸡体身上 More difficult to maintain temperature in winter 冬季保温更难 More difficult to ventilate effectively in winter 冬季难以进行有效通风 Stress, stocking density, uniformity, health, poor start 应激，密度，均匀度，健康，开端差应激，密度，均匀度，健康，开端差 Cold draf

13、ts onto the heater probe 冷的贼风吹到温度探头 Heat loss through the cracks and openings 热量丢失 No mixing of cold incoming air with warm inside air 冷热空气不能很好混合 Unable to access the heat in the peak of the roof 没有利用到屋顶的热量 High heating costs, cant maintain temperature 保温成本高，不能保持温度保温成本高，不能保持温度 Poor Sealing 密闭差密闭差 Al

14、ways seal from outside 始终从外侧进 行密闭 Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door 冷空气从门的漏缝处进入冷空气从门的漏缝处进入 Sealed vs. Unsealed Side Wall 密闭好和密闭差的鸡舍侧墙密闭好和密闭差的鸡舍侧墙 Chick Spread Uninsulated, Poor Seal 鸡群分布鸡群分布 隔热差，密闭不好隔热差，密闭不好 Chick Spread Insulated, Sealed 鸡群分布鸡群分布 - 隔热性能好，密闭良好隔热性能好，密闭良好 House Leakage 鸡舍漏风鸡舍漏风 Cold f

15、loors, wet litter, heater activated 地面凉，垫料湿，加热设施工作 Wasted Heat 浪费热量 Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day 大风天时卷帘漏风大风天时卷帘漏风 Air Leakage Through a Poorly Sealed Curtain 卷帘密闭差时的鸡舍漏风卷帘密闭差时的鸡舍漏风 Managing Houses That Are Not “Air Tight” 漏风鸡舍的管理漏风鸡舍的管理 SEAL THE HOUSE! 密闭鸡舍！密闭鸡舍！! Minimal cost, huge impact 最低成本，巨大

16、的影响 Make sure tunnel inlets can seal tight 确保纵向进风口密闭 Make sure curtains seal 确保卷帘密闭 Seal around doors 密闭门窗 Seal all unused fans 密闭不使用的风机 Seal around inlets 进风口四周密闭 Seal all joints in the roof 屋顶结合处密闭 Seal drainage holes 密闭下水孔 This will give you (more) control over the incoming air 这将会更好地控制进入鸡舍的新鲜空气这

17、将会更好地控制进入鸡舍的新鲜空气 Heating 加热加热 Make sure there is MORE than enough heating capacity 确保鸡舍足够的加热能力 More often results in lower total consumption 能量消耗反而会少 Ensure good, even distribution of the heat 确保加热量、设施分布均匀 Be cautious when using circulation/stir fans 使用循环风机或搅拌风扇时要小心 Sometimes they create drafts at b

18、ird level 有时会产生贼风 Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 鸡舍预热2-3天 Make sure floors are warm before chicks arrive (min 30C) 确保雏鸡到达时的地面温度（最低30C） “Quick Fix” Minimum Ventilation “快速解决快速解决”最小通风最小通风 Fan jet system 风机送风系统 Air cannons and “pressure inlets” are a cost effective “quick fix” for houses witho

19、ut minimum ventilation 通风管和负压进风口对于没有最小通风系统的鸡舍能以较 低的成本有效地进行通风 Air cannons are not the ultimate solution 通风管不是最终方法 The volume of air they supply is too small 进风量太小 Circulation fans can help to distribute heat (but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation) 循环风机能有助于使热量分布均匀（但是也不能代替最小 通风） Fan Jet

20、 风机送风风机送风 Fan Jet 风机送风风机送风 Inlet Damper 进风口风 门 Fan Jet System 风机送风系统风机送风系统 Fan Jet 送风风机 Plastic Tube 塑料管道 Exhaust Fan 排风机 Tube Holes and Air Flow Direction 管道孔及气流方向 Fan Jet System 送风系统送风系统 Advantages: 优点优点 “Positive pressure” system 正压通风系统 House does not have to be extremely well sealed 鸡舍不必密闭非常好 Fa

21、n jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 送风风机连续运转 空气和热量混合良好 Incoming air directed up away from birds 进入的新鲜空气气流向上，远离鸡群高度 Heating system can be located at FJ for distribution 加热系统可以置于送风系统内以使热量均匀分布 Relatively cheap system 相对经济的系统 Disadvantages: 缺点缺点 May not be able to provide enough min vent

22、 for whole cycle (depends on stocking density, weight) 整个循环周期内也许不能提供 足够的最小通风量（取决于饲养密度，体重） Tube is biosecurity risk must be well cleaned 管道有生物安全的风险 必须很好清洗 Air Cannons 通风管通风管 Pressure Balanced Inlet 压力调节进风口压力调节进风口 Air Cannons, Pressure Inlets 通风管，负压进风口通风管，负压进风口 Advantages: 优点优点 Quite an effective mini

23、mum ventilation system 比较有效的最小通风系统 Fairly cost effective cheap “inlets” (90mm pipe) 成本低 进风口便宜 Curtains stay closed 卷帘一直关闭 Mixes incoming air with warm house air 新鲜空气和暖空气混合 Disadvantages:缺点缺点 System works on negative pressure, so 系统以负压方式工作 House must be well sealed, or else 鸡舍必须密闭良好 House may get col

24、der than before, chicks more stressed 鸡舍温度可能比以前低，鸡群应激较大 Do not take this approach unless house can be well sealed 鸡舍密闭不好时不要采用这种方法 Requires ventilation controller or cycle timer 需要通风控制系统或定时钟 Bringing in Cold Air 冷空气进入鸡舍冷空气进入鸡舍 Chicks chilled, wet litter 鸡群着凉，垫料潮湿 Valuable Heat Wasted浪费热空气 Negative Pr

25、essure Ventilation Closed Environment Houses 负压通风，密闭式鸡舍负压通风，密闭式鸡舍 What is Negative Pressure? 什么是负压？什么是负压？ When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 当风机需要排出的空气比进入的空气多时 When this happens air rushes in through inlets to replace the exhausted air 工作时，空气从进风口快速进入

26、以替换排出去的空气 Just because a fan is running, doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 仅有风机运转时，并不一定是负压仅有风机运转时，并不一定是负压 Why Is It Important? 为什么很重要？为什么很重要？ With negative pressure, air enters evenly through every inlet 负压时，空气均匀地进入鸡舍负压时，空气均匀地进入鸡舍 If your house leaks, it also comes through all the leaks! 如果鸡舍

27、漏风，空气也可从漏缝处进入如果鸡舍漏风，空气也可从漏缝处进入 By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 进风口分布均匀，空气进入也均匀进风口分布均匀，空气进入也均匀 By restricting inlet size, can regulate incoming air speed 调节进风口大小，可以调节空气进入速度调节进风口大小，可以调节空气进入速度 Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制空气以何种方式进入鸡舍控制空气以何种方式进入鸡舍 Air

28、 should go to the middle (peak) of the roof 空气应该进入到鸡舍屋顶中间空气应该进入到鸡舍屋顶中间 Higher incoming speed allows better mixing 风速快，混合更好风速快，混合更好 Pressure determines the incoming air speed 负压决定风速负压决定风速 High pressure high air speed 负压高，风速快负压高，风速快 Low pressure low air speed 负压低，风速慢负压低，风速慢 The wider the house higher

29、the pressure 鸡舍越宽，负压要求越大鸡舍越宽，负压要求越大 By using pressure, we can put the air where we want it 利用负压，我们能够使空气以需要的方式进入鸡舍利用负压，我们能够使空气以需要的方式进入鸡舍 Why Is It Important? 为什么很重要？为什么很重要？ Air Movement Based on Pressure 不同负压情况下的空气流动不同负压情况下的空气流动 Low Pressure 负压低 Bit higher 高一点 Higher 又高一点 Just right 刚好 Negative Press

30、ure vs House Width 负压和鸡舍宽度负压和鸡舍宽度 The following is a rough guide for the negative pressure at different house widths 不同宽度鸡舍的负压参考 House Width 鸡舍宽度鸡舍宽度perating Pressure 工作负压工作负压 10m10Pa 12m13Pa 14m15Pa 15m20Pa 18m25Pa Note: The above is only a guide. Actual operating pressure may vary depending on the

31、 type of inlet and shape and angle of the ceiling/roof, etc. Minimum Ventilation System 最小通风系统最小通风系统 Cross ventilation is most successful 横向通风最成功 Fans and inlets located in the side walls 风机/进风口置于侧墙上 Hot air gathers in the peak of the roof 热空气积聚在鸡舍屋顶 Fans operate on a cycle timer 风机以定时钟控制运转风机以定时钟控制运

32、转 Pressure controlled side wall inlets direct cold air to peak 负压控制侧墙进风口，调节冷空气到达鸡舍中间 Cold, moist air mixes and pushes hot, dry air down 冷而湿的空气与暖空气混合，迫使暖而干的空气向下 Distributes fresh, warm air 新鲜而较暖的空气均匀分布 Low air movement at bird level (4cm) + (Pressure) 正确的空气流动正确的空气流动= （开启（开启4厘米以上）厘米以上）+（负压）（负压） The Mo

33、st Critical Part Of Your Minimum Ventilation System? 最小通风系统最关键的部分？最小通风系统最关键的部分？ If the tunnel inlet does not close tight, your minimum ventilation system will not function properly 如果纵向进风口不能密闭，最小通如果纵向进风口不能密闭，最小通 风就不能够很好地运行风就不能够很好地运行 Management/Stockmanship 管理管理 The above is not worth much without go

34、od management 如果没有很好的管理，上述这些就没有价值可言 Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人员是鸡群和通风系统的连接纽带 Must be able to “read” bird behaviour and other signs 必须懂得“阅读”鸡群的行为和其它表现 Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必须能够只满足鸡群的需求进行通风 There is NO ventilation system that does not re

35、quire management 没有一种通风系统是不需要管理的 Training and education about new equipment and technology is very important! 对于新设备和新技术的培训非常重要！对于新设备和新技术的培训非常重要！ Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量最小通风量 Theoretical/calculated rates are only a guide! 理论理论/计算的数值只能作参考计算的数值只能作参考 The right minimum rate is critical for bird pe

36、rformance and to minimise heat consumption 正确的最小通风量是鸡群生产性 能和最小保温成本的关键 Under ventilation bird performance is compromised 通风不足 鸡群生产性能受影响 Over ventilation excessive heat consumption, dry house, possible drafts on birds 通风量过大 加热成本高，鸡舍干燥，可能造成贼风 Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天评估最小通风

37、量的设定 Minimum ventilation fans should operate on a cycle timer 最小通风风机应该由定时钟控制 Example of Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量举例最小通风量举例 Example Calculation 计算举例计算举例 Assume: 假设 Bird weight = 800g ; 10 000 birds 体重=800克，10000只鸡 Ventilation “factor” = 0,594m/hr/kg 通风系数 = 0,594m/hr/kg Calculation: 计算 Ventilatio

38、n = 10 000 x 0,594m/hr/bird = 5 940m/hr Cycle Timer Setting: 定时钟设定 5 minute cycle ; 1 x fan 20 000m/hr (example) 5分钟循环 Time ON = (5 940 x 5) (1 x 20 000) = 1,6 minutes Time ON = 1 min 36 sec Time OFF = 3 min 24 sec Note: This is an example on how to perform the calculation, and does not necessarily

39、suggest that the “Ventilation Factor” used above is the only way to calculate minimum ventilation Evaluating Minimum Ventilation 最小通风评估最小通风评估 The only way is by visiting the house 只有一种方式：进鸡舍 Done preferably first thing each morning 每天早上的第一件事 Evaluate in the first 30-60 seconds: 刚进入鸡舍30-60秒时评估 Bird c

40、omfort, spread, activity 鸡群的舒适度，分布，活动 “Stuffiness” “闷” Humidity level 湿度 Ammonia 氨气 Condensation/sweating (walls, drinker pipes, steel) 冷凝水 “AIR QUALITY” “空气质量” What you feel in first 30-60 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 进鸡舍后前30-60秒的感觉就是鸡群整晚所处的环境 “Purging” the house in the morning is unaccept