法学考研必备法律英语单词汇总(附音标)

1、法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent prisi:dnt普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法native law; indigenous law nddns继受法 adopted law实体法substantial law sbstnl程序法procedural law prsi:drl原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation nt:pritein习惯法customary law kstmri公序良俗 publi

2、c order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法Roman Law rmn私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium dsdentim民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law kntnentl罗马法系 Roman law system衡平法 equity; ekwiti law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic la

3、w dmnk教会法 ecclesiastical law kli:zi:stkl寺院法 canon law knn伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm :rzen禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm blitri命令性规范commanding norm kmnd民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law平等原则 principle of equality i:kwliti自愿原则 principle of free w

4、ill公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal i:kwl value exchange诚实信用原则 principle of good faith fei行为 act作为 act不作为 omission mn合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right bslju:t相对权 relative right reltiv优先权 right of priority prairiti先买权 preemption pri:empn原权 antecede

5、nt right ntsi:dnt救济权 right of relief rili:f支配权 right of dominion dminjn请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation knslen否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement：rinaunsmnt代位权 subrogated right sbreitid选择权 right of c

6、hoice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination t:mnen抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense mmnteri:永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right p:mnnt kaunt不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right nstebl同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance simlteinjs既得权 tested right期待权 expe

7、ctant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture p:trt自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy praivsi私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权

8、virginity right vdnti:身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; prentl parental right亲属权 right of relative reltiv探视权 visitation right vizitein配偶权 right of spousespauz荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 i

9、rresponsible right rspnsbl正当防卫 justifiable right; dstfabl ligitimate defence防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity nisesiti自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure m:意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act kpsiti意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of inten

10、tion deklrein意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus knsenss完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act rstrktv准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person kw:zi ntdkt保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity keipbl无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人

11、 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile dmisail居所 residence rezidns经常居住地 frequently dwelling place fri:k wntl dwel户籍 census register senss redist监护 guardianship :djnip个体工商户 individual business ndividjul农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household li:shld rurl haushuld合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership a

12、greement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership widr:l合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合

13、伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership d:mnt私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship prpratp法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise bdi企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise filieit个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise sli:中外合资企业 Sino-foreig

14、n joint venture enterprise vent中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise kntrktu:l社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership ku:dineitid协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated managem

15、ent kuprein合作社 cooperative kuprtiv民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act ju:nltrl双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act bailtrl多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民

16、事法律行为 practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act k:ztiv不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act ksesri附条件民事法律行为 conditi

17、onal civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act nfektv可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act revkbl违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud fr:d胁迫 duress djres乘人之危 taking adv

18、antage of others precarious position prikris以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention knsi:l恶意串通 malicious collaboration mls klbrein 重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust bvis误传 misrepresentation代理 agency eidnsi本人 principal prinspl被代理人 principal受托人 trustee trsti:代理人 agent eidnt本代理

19、人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent sttjutri委托代理人 agent by mandate mndet指定代理人 designated agent dezineit复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization :rzen授权委托书 power of attorney t:ni代理行为 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理 su

20、bagency次代理 subagency有权代理 authorized agency :raizd表见代理 agency by estoppel; istpl apparent agency prnt律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency独家代理 sole agency居间 brokerage brkrd居间人 broker brk行纪 commission; broker house kmin信托 trust时效

21、time limit; prescription; limitation priskripn时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation sspenn时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescriptionntrpn时效延长 extension of limitation ikstenn取得时效 acquisitive prescription kwztv时效终止 lapse of time; lps termination of prescription期日 date期间 term涉外民事关系 civil relatio

22、ns with foreign elementselimnt冲突规范 rule of conflict knflikt准据法 applicable law; governing law plikbl反致 renvoi; renvi remission rmn转致 transmission trnzmin识别 identification aidentifikein公共秩序保留 reserve of public order riz:v法律规避 evasion of law ven国籍 nationality nnliti国有化 nationalization nnlaizein 法律责任 le

23、gal liability民事责任 civil liability/responsibility行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility dmnstretv刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default dif:lt有限责任 limited liability无限责任 unlimited liability按份责任 shared/several liability连带责任 joint and

24、several liability过失责任 liability for negligence; nelidns negligent liability negldnt过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault单独过错 sole fault f:lt共同过错 joint fault混合过错 mixed fault被害人过错 victims fault viktim第三人过错 third partys fault推定过错 presumptive fault przmptv恶意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention;

25、 intention; willfulness dilibrt过失negligence neldns重大过失 gross negligence疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence ,indv:tnt过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption损害事实 facts of damage有形损失 tangible damage/loss tndbl无形损失 intangible damage/loss财产损失 property damage/loss人身损失 personal damage/loss精神损失 spi

26、ritual damage/loss spiritual spiritjul民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害 cease the infringing act si:s nfrnd排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; hndrns removal of obstacle rimu:vl bstkl消除危险 elimination of danger lmnen返还财产 restitution of property resttju n恢复原状 restitution; restitution of origina

27、l state赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; kmpenseit indemnify for a loss ndemnfa支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage lkwdet消除影响 eliminate ill effects恢复名誉 rehabilitate ones reputation ri:hbiliteit赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right du:s rem物权制度 real right system; right in rem s

28、ystem一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in remsmn物权法 jus rerem物 property生产资料 raw material for production mtiril生活资料 means of livelihood; lavli:hd means of subsistence sbsstns 流通物 res in commercium; a thi

29、ng in commerce ri:z限制流通物 limited merchantable thing m:ttb()l禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产 asset set固定资产 fixed asset流动资产 current asset; floating asset krnt flt动产 movables; mu:vblz chattel ttl不动产 immovable; real estate isteit特定物 res certae; a certain thing种类物 genus; di:ns indef

30、inite thing indefinit可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things dvzbl不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing ksesri原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits无主物 bona vacatia; bun vacant goods; veiknt ownerless

31、goods遗失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object drifti埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property货币 currency krnsi证券 securities sikjuriti债券 bond bnd物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right klsifikein自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权 dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证 document of title; title of owners

32、hip占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权 right of use; right to use of收益权 right to earnings; right to yields ji:ld处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith恶意占有 malicious possession mls按份共有 several possession共同共有 joint possession他物权 jus in re aliena用益物权 real right for u

33、sufruct ju:sju(:)frkt使用权 right to use; right of use土地使用权 right to the use of land林权 forest ownership frist采矿权 mining ownership man经营权 managerial authority; mndri:l :riti power of management承包经营权 right to contracted management相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright地上权 superficiessu:pfiii:z永佃权 jus emphyte

34、uticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract p:ptju:ti:地役权 servitude; s:vtju:d easement i:zmnt人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权 real right for security物的担保 security for thing物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing wrnti抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to

35、 mortgage m:id抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor m:id抵押权人 mortgagee m:di:抵押标的物 collateral; kltrl estate under mortgage isteit抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage si:kwns抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage elj

36、nen抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage mtirilaizein抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to kstknmortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage redstren isteit抵押优先权 priority of mortgage prairiti留置权 lien li:n一般留置权 general lien特别留置权 special lien质权 hypotheque; ple

37、dge; right of pledge pled佃权 tenant right tennt债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; prkj,pr- claim; creditors right kredt债权人 creditor债务人 debtor det相对人 counterpart; offeree给付 give; pay kauntp:t债务 debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还 payment of debt债务的偿清 discharge of debt债务的担保 guarantee of debt债务的

38、合并 consolidation of debt knslden债务的给付日期 debt maturity mtjrti:债务的免除 exemption of debt gzempn债的分类 obligatio; obligation法定之债 legal obligation任意之债 voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债 alternative obligation主债 prime/principal obligation praim从债 accessory obligation ksesri单一之债 single obligation按份

39、之债 several obligation连带之债 joint obligation特定之债 certain obligation种类之债 indefinite obligation indefinit合同之债 contractual obligation kntrktu:l侵权行为之债 tort obligation损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害 damage to person精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage spiritul医药费 hospi

40、tal treatment expense医疗费 medical charge抚恤金 pension penn慰问金 consolation money knslen产品瑕疵 defect of productdifekt不当得利 unjust enrichment无因管理 voluntary service svs债的担保 guarantee of obligation财产担保 property guarantee信用担保 credit guarantee让与担保 alienation guarantee eljnen, eli:-保证 guaranty明示保证 express guaran

41、ty默示保证implied guaranty保证人 guarantor保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship urtiip保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit dipzit押金 deposit; foregift f:ift预付款 advanced payment dv:nst定金 earnest money; deposit违约金 liquidated damages lkwdet法定违约金 liquidated damages by law约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement债的履行

42、performance of obligation实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance dktrin情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行 misfeasance misfi:zns清偿 discharge; satisfaction提存 debtors submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority sbmn抵销 setoff知识产权 intellectual property ntilektjul知识产权

43、国际保护 international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection :tmtik特许权使用费 royalties rilti智力成果 intellectual property著作权 copyright版权 copyright著作权人 copyright owner创作 creation作品 opus; product; work著作人

44、格权 right of personality of copyright发表权 right of publication pblikein署名权 right of authorship; :ip right of paternity pt:nti:修改权 right of modification; mdfken right of revision rivin完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity meintein interiti不可侵犯权 inviolability invailbilti收回权 right of recall; right of retrie

45、val rtri:vl自费出版 publish a book at the authors own expense著作财产权 property right in work使用收益分享权 right to share usufructju:sju(:)frkt利用权 right to make use of获得报酬权 right to get payment重播权 right of rebroadcasting ri:br:dk:st录制权 right of fixation机械复制权 right of mechanograph; meknr:f right of mechanical repr

46、oduction miknikl著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright剽窃 plagiary; pleidjri plagiarism pledrzm盗版 pirate pairit盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造 forge f:d工业产权 industrial propertyindstril专利权 patent right ptnt优先权日 priority date prairiti申请在先原则 prior application rule prai plikein使用在先 priority of use新颖性 novelty nvlti创造性

47、creativity kri:etvt实用性 practicability prktikbiliti发明创造 invention and creation实用新型 utility model jutiliti外观设计 design; industrial design发明权 right of invention发现权 right of discovery diskvri专利申请 patent application专利异议 objection to a patent专利公告 patent gazette zet专利续展费 renewal fee of patent rnju:l专利许可协议 p

48、atent licensing agreement laisns技术诀窍 know-how专有技术 know-how专利证书 certificate of patent stifikeit专利事务所 patent office专利代理 patent agency中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the Peoples Republic of China商标权 trademark right商标国际注册 international registration of trademark redstren商品商标 commodity trademark kmditi服务商标 se

49、rvice trademark驰名商标 reputed trademark rpju:td广告商标 advertisement trademark dv:tismnt近似商标 similar trademark商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board preizl b:d商标审查 trademark examination商标侵权 trademark infringement nfrndmnt商标注册 registered trademark商标公告 trademark gazette注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered tr

50、ademark redstd注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement商标事务所 trademark office商标代理 trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法 marital law; marriage law包办婚姻 arranged marriage财产分割 partition; p:tin dismemberment of property重婚 bigamy bgmi:

51、独生子女 only child法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女 illegitimate child ldtmt夫妻共同财产 community property夫妻关系 conjugal relationship kndgl夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚 resumption of marriage rzmpn感情破裂 incompatibilityinkmptbiliti婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties nutraizein pustnpl婚姻登记 marriage registration redstren婚生子女 legitimate child liditimit计划生育 birth control结婚 marry离婚 divorce买卖婚姻 mercenary marr