最新最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习-(精华版)

1、精品文档主谓一致（*）主谓一致的概念。所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。（一）主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1.两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。heandshe_bothstudentsofthisschool.（2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。thesingeranddancer_goingtogiveusaperformance.theknifeandfork_onthetabl

2、e.2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.collectingstampsishishobby.toloveherisnottobreakherwings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与的人称和数保持一致。thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.如果句子中有这些连接词（with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswe

3、llas,besides,like,without,except,but,including）和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.二、意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。）1中心词为all,most,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。alloftheapples_rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。alloftheapple_rotten.整

4、个苹果都烂了。noneofthemoney_left.没有剩下一点钱。noneofthestudents_there.没有学生在那里。2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。halfofthestudents_finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。halfoftheapple_bad.一半的苹果坏了。about60percentofthestudentsinourschool_boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生

5、是男生.3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。hisfamily_goingout.他们全家要外出。hisfamily_allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。thepolicearesearchingforathief.thecattlear

6、eeatinggrassonthehill.精品文档精品文档5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。someoneisaskingforyou.nothingisfoundintheroom.6.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissor

7、s等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。7.某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。8.不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词，谓语动词仍用单数形式。every.andevery.;each.andeach.;no.andno.在以上短语中and连接

8、的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.thenumberofstudentsinyouclass

9、is50.10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,chinese,japanese等。noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主语有morethanone（很多非常）或manya(许多)构成，oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式：morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.manyagirlhasbeenthere

10、.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.,apairofshoeswasonthedesk.manyaboyhasseenit.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时谓语动词常用单数。thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.rootsisafamousamericannovel.三、就近原则either.or;neither.nor;notonly.butalso,whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型

11、中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。neitheryounoriamwrong.thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.注意事项1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind的谓语用精品文档精品文档复数,allkindsof后跟复数

12、名词,谓语用复数形式。thiskindofmenisdangerous.menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:lotsofdamagewasca

13、usedbyfire.aboutthree-fourthsoftheearthssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.4.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.(短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”

14、;insmallquantities意为“少量”。)agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:5.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.6.单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),spe

15、cies(种类)7.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.练习一1.three_diedintheterriblefireinluoyanglastwinter.a.hundredspeopleb.hundredpeoplec.hundredspeoplesd.hundredpeoples2.eitheryouorthepresident_theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.a.ishandingoutb.aretohandoutc.arehandingoutd

16、.istohandout3.i,who_yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.a.amb.isc.ared.be4.theolympicgamesintheyear2008_inbeijingofchina,which_knowntousall.a.istohold;isb.istobeheld;wasc.aretohold;isd.aretobeheld;is5.there_alotofrubbishonthefloorsoiaskedmarytosweep_up.a.were;itb.are;themc.was;itd.is;

17、them6.threemilliontonsofcoal_everyyearinthecity.a.isexploitedb.areexploitedc.hadexploitedd.haveexploitedmarch7.storiesofthelong_popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.a.isb.wasc.ared.were8.mathematics_thelanguageofscience.a.areb.aregoingtobe精品文档精品文档c.isd.istobe9.bothriceandwheat_growninourcountry.a.isb.arec.w

18、asd.were10._eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?a.haveb.hadc.hasd.is11.whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed_goodbooks.a.isb.arec.haved.has12.thewholefamily_tvattentively.a.arewatchingb.iswatchingc.isseeingd.areseeing13.nothingbutseveralglasses_boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.a.wasb.were

19、c.havebeend.wouldbe14.atthebusstop_asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.a.wereb.wasc.isd.sits15.iflawandorder_,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.a.arenotpreservedb.isnotpreservedc.werepreservedd.havenotbeenpreserved16.there_littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.a.haveb.hadc.havebeend.hasbeen17

20、.whatsuchasunsetis_strangetousall.a.goingtobeb./c.isd.that18.seventy-fivepercentoftheearthssurface_withwater.a.iscoveredb.iscoveringc.werecoveredd.arecovered19.thefollowing_someothermentaldiseases.a.beingb.arec.wasd.were20.notonlyyoubutalsoi_abletohelphimout.a.areb.isc.amd.were21.“thekites”_usastory

21、ofthekiteshistory.a.havetoldb.tellsc.weretoldd.wastold22.youandi_twinsisters.a.wereb.arec.isd.am23.ateacherofenglishandclassteacher_ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.a.aretellingb.istellingc.aregivend.weregiven24.thousandsoftonsofrubbish_overalargeperiodoftime.a.rotsawayb.rotawayc.hasrottedawayd.arer

22、ottedaway25.mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_thenewly-builtstadium.a.iscleaningb.arecleaningc.werecleaningd.havecleaned26.manyastudent_somethingaboutabrahamlincoln.a.haveknownb.knowsc.isknownd.areknown精品文档精品文档27.thedefenceworks_builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.a.wereb.hasbeenc.hadbeend.was28.“haveyoualls

23、tudiedthepassageusingthemindagainstdisease？”“_.”a.nobodyofushasb.nobodyofushavec.noneofushasd.noneofusdid29.agroupofitaliansoldiers_quicklytowardstheirposition.a.wereadvancingb.wereadvancedc.wasadvancingd.advancing30.everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung_sportsandgames.a.isenjoyb.wereenjoyingc.enjoysd.en

24、joy练习二1.theold_welllookedafterbythegovernmentinchina.a.isb.arec.hasbeend.was2.thesecretaryandmanager_verybusynow.a.isb.arec.wasd.were3.boththesecretaryandthemanager_agreedtoattendthemeeting.a.hasb.havec.ared.was4.tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_invitedtotheparty.a.wasb.werec.havebeend.hadbeen5.eithery

25、ouori_goingtotheteachersofficeafterclass.a.amb.isc.ared.will6.mostofhissparetime_spentinreading.a.areb.werec.wasd.havebeen7.thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat_appearedthisyear.a.havebeenb.hasc.hadbeend.have8.tenthousanddollars_quitealargesum.a.areb.isc.wered.have9.about20percentofthework_doneyesterday.a.a

26、reb.isc.wered.was10.mrsmith，togetherwithhischildren，_arrived.a.areb.hasc.isd.have11.it_iwho_leavingforlondon.a.isisb.amisc.isamd.amam12.notonlytombutalsohiswife_fondofwatchingtelevision.a.areb.werec.bed.is13.whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.a.isnotdecidedb.arenotdecidedc.hasnotdecidedd.havenotde

27、cided精品文档精品文档14.althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy，therest_.a.aredifficultb.hasproveddifficultc.issupposeddifficultd.havebeenfounddifficult15.thattheywerewronginthesematters_nowcleartousall.a.isb.wasc.ared.were16.halfofhisgoods_stolentheotherday.a.areb.werec.isd.was17.mathematics_thelanguageofscien

28、ce.a.areb.aregoingtobec.isd.istobe18.eachofthestudents_achinese-englishdictionary.a.haveb.hasc.thereisd.thereare19.theyeach_abeautifulhandkerchief.a.haveb.hasc.thereisd.thereare20.betweenthetworowsoftrees_theteachingbuilding.a.standb.standsc.standingd.are21.thispairofshoes_madeinnanjing.a.isb.arec.h

29、avebeend.hadbeen22.nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutit.a.knowb.knowsc.isknowingd.haveknown23.anumberofstudents_fromthesouth.a.areb.isc.haved.has24.thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth_small.a.areb.isc.haved.has25.writingstoriesandarticles_whatienjoymost，a.isb.arec.wasd.were26.hisselectedpoems_firstpubli

30、shedin1965.a.wereb.wasc.hasbeend.are27.misssmithisafriendof_.a.marysmothersb.marysmotherc.mothersofmaryd.marymothers28.agooddealofmoney_spentonbooks.a.haveb.hasc.havebeend.hasbeen29.onthewall_twolargeportraits.a.hangsb.hangc.hangedd.hanging30._turngreeninspring.a.leafb.leafsc.leaved.leaves31.fatherw

31、enttohisdoctorfor_abouthishearttrouble.a.anadviceb.advicec.advicesd.theadvices精品文档精品文档32.allbutone_herejustnow.a.isb.wasc.hasbeend.were33.thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty，butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.a.were;wasb.was;wasc.was;wered.were;were34.theairinbigcities_verydirtybyfactories.a.areo

32、ftenmadeb.isoftenmadec.haveoftenmaded.hasoftenmade35.nobody_tosmokeinthecinema.a.allowsb.allowc.isallowedd.areallowed36.thechinesepeople_hard-workingandbrave.a.areb.isc.hasbeend.arebeing37._canbedone_beendone.a.all;haveb.allthat;havec.all;hasd.allthat;has38.johnhastwobrothers，buteither_outofworknow.

33、a.areb.isc.hasd.have39.thepolice_themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.a.issearchingforb.weresearchingforc.aresearchingford.weresearching40.applesofthiskind_.a.tastesgoodb.tasteswellc.tastegoodd.tastewell41.yourtrousers_dirty，youmusthave_washed.a.is;itb.are;itc.are;themd.is;them42.wh

34、ere_rubbish，thereareflies.a.thereareb.thereisc.isd.therehas43.theolympicgames_heldevery_years.a.is;fourb.are;fourc.is;fived.are;five44.manyaman_cometohelpus.a.haveb.hasc.isd.are45.heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_elected.a.areb.havec.hasd.is46.three-fourthsofthehomework_today.a.hasfinishedb.hasbeenfin

35、ishedc.havefinishedd.havebeenfinished47.thosewho_in_compositions，pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.a.hasnthanded;hisb.haventhanded;theirc.hashanded;theird.havehanded;his48.janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_bytheirteacher.a.arepraisedb.ispraisedc.praisedd.praising49.thewholeclass_theteacherattentiv

36、ely.a.arelisteningtob.islisteningtoc.arelisteningd.islistening精品文档精品文档50.betweenthetworoads_atvtowercalledskyscrapertower.a.standsb.standingc.whichstandsd.stand1.解析：选b.hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s2.解析：选d.当eitheror连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。3.解析：选a.who为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是i,所以谓语动词要用am.4.解析：选d.主语theolympicgames意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。5.解析：选c.therebe句型