MBA联考答案英语真题及详解

1、【经典资料，WORD文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，WORD文档，可修改】Sect ion I Use of En glishDirectionsRead the followi ng text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.

2、 But that very anony mity is also behi nd the explosi on of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bring ing seems in creas in gly 3 ?_safety and security to a world thatLast mon th, Howard Schmidt, the n ati on s cyber-czar, offered the federalgovernment a 4 to make the We

3、ba safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fin gerpri nt and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, at a range of on li ne services.or a digitalcrede ntial 7 to_a specific computer .and would authe nt

4、icate usersThe idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Usercould 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identitieshavebee n authe nticated could n avigate those systems. The approach con trasts with one that would require an Internet driver s license 10 by the

5、government.Google and Microsoft are among compa nies that already have these“ si nglesign-on ” systems that makeit possible for users to 11 just once but use many differe nt services.12. the approach would create a“walled garden ” n cyberspace, with safe“neighborhoods ” and bright “ streetlights ” t

6、o establish a sense of a 13com mun ity.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “ individualsand organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs” .Still, the adm i

7、ni strati on s pla n has 16 privacy rights activists. Someapplaud the approach; others are concern ed. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “ drive s license ” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by somecomputer security e

8、xperts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be lice nsed to drive on public roads.1. A.swept B.skipped C.wa

9、lked D.ridden2. A.for B.within C.while D.though3. A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless4. A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal5 A.i nformatio n6. A.by B.into C.from D.over7. A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9. A.recall B.suggest C.select

10、D.realize10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13. A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16. A.divided B.d

11、isappo in ted C.protected D.u ni ted17. A.frequestly B.i ncide ntally C.occasi on ally D.eve ntually18. A.skepticism B.releranee C.indifferenee D.enthusiasm19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20. A.i nvited B.appo in ted C.allowed D.forcedSecti on II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart ADi

12、rections:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmonsjoined GoldmanSachs s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became preside nt of Brow n Uni versity. For

13、 the rest of the decade she apparently managedboth roles without attracting mucheroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was un der fire for hav ing sat on Goldma ncompensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons

14、had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have eno ugh in depe ndence to disagree with the chie

15、f executive s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on hav ing weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hatcovered more than10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989

16、 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchersconcentrated o n those“surprise ” disappearances by directors under the ageof 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the pr

17、obability that the compa ny will subseque ntly have to restate earnings in creased by n early 20%. The likelihood of being n amed in a federal class-act ion lawsuit also in creases, and the stock is likelyto perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for largerfirms. Although a correlati on betwe

18、e n them leav ing and subseque nt bad performa nee at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they“trade up. ” Leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an e

19、asier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incen tives. Otherwise o

20、utside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once aga in very popular on campus.21. Accordi ng to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .A ga ining excessive profitsB faili ng to fulfill her dutyC refusi ng to make compromisesD leav ing the board in tough times22. We lear n from Pa

21、ragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A ge nerous inv estorsB un biased executivesC share price forecastersD i ndepe ndent advisers23. Accordi ng to the researchers from Ohio Un iversity after an outside director s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .A become more stableB repor

22、t in creased earningsC do less well in the stock marketD perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be in ferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .A may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB have ofte n had records of wron gdo ings in the firmC are accustomed to stress-free work in th

23、e firmD will decline incentives from the firm25. The author s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .A permissiveB positiveC scornfulD criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near.The recessi on threate ned to remove the advertis ing and reader

24、s that had not already fled to the intern et. Newspapers like the San Fran cisco Chro nicle were chroni cli ngtheir own doom. America s Federal Trade commissi on laun ched a roundof talks about how to save n ewspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It

25、will hold another meeting soon. But the discussi ons now seem out of date.In muchof the world there is the sign of crisis.Germanand Brazilianpapershave shrugged off the recessi on. Eve n America n n ewspapers, which in habit the most troubled come of the global in dustry, have not only survived but

26、ofte nreturned to profit. Not the 20% profit margi ns that were rout ine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not bee n much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushi ng jour nalists overboard. The America n Society of News Editors reck ons that 13,500 n ewsroom jobs have gone since 2007. R

27、eaders are pay ing more for slimmer products. Some papers eve n had the n erve to refuse delivery to dista nt suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are beco ming more bala need bus in esses, with a heal

28、thier mix of reve nues from readers and advertisers. America n papers have long bee n highly unu sual in their relia nee on ads. Fully 87% of their reve nues came from advertis ing in 2008, accord ing to the Orga ni zati on for Econo mic Cooperati on & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportionis 3

29、5%. Not surprisingly, Japanesen ewspapers are much more stable.The whirlw ind that swept through n ewsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damagehas been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. Sohave scie nee and gen eral bus in ess reporter

30、s. Foreig n bureaus have bee n savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But complete ness is no Ion ger a virtue in the n ewspaper bus in ess.26. By saying “Newspapers like their own doom ” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1),the author in dicates that n ewspaper.A n eglected the sig n of crisis

31、B failed to get state subsidiesC were not charitable corporationsD were in a desperate situatio n27. Some n ewspapers refused delivery to dista nt suburbs probably because .A readers threate ned to pay lessB n ewspapers wan ted to reduce costsC jo urn alists reported little about these areassubscrib

32、ers compla ined about slimmer products28. Comparedwith their American counterparts,Japanese newspapers are muchmore stable because they .A have more sources of reve nueB have more bala need n ewsroomsC are less depe ndent on advertis ingD are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from

33、the last paragraph about the current newspaper bus in ess?A Disti nctive ness is an esse ntial feature of n ewspapers.B Complete ness is to blame for the failure of n ewspaper.C Foreig n bureaus play a crucial role in the n ewspaper bus in ess.D Readers have lost their interest in car and film revie

34、ws.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .A America n Newspapers: Struggli ng for SurvivalB America n Newspapers: Gone with the WindC America n Newspapers: A Thrivi ng Busin essD America n Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3Wetend to think of the decades immediately followingWorld War

35、 II as a timeof prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it cameto their houses, it was a time of commorsense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depressi on and the w

36、ar, America ns had learned to live with less, and that restra in t, in comb in ati on with the postwar con fide nce in the future, made small, efficie nt hous ing positively stylish.Econo mic con diti on was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficie nt living. The phrase “less is more” was actual

37、ly first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of desig n, emigrated to the Un ited States before World War IIand took up posts at America n architecture schools. These desig ners came to exert eno rmous in flue n

38、ce on the course of America n architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies s sig nature phrase means that less decorati on, properly orga ni zed, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other moder n architects, he employed metal, glass and lam in ated

39、 wood-materials that we take for gran ted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he desig ned were small and efficie nt, rather tha n big and ofte n empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago s Lake S

40、horeDrive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elega nce of the build ings details and proporti ons, the architect

41、ural equivale nt of theabstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “ less ” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started build ing more modest and efficie nt houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-tha n the spread ing two-story ones he had desig ned in the 1890s and th

42、e early 20th cen tury.The “ Case Study Houses ” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecturemagazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet anotherhomegrow n in flue nce on the“ less is more ” trend. Aesthetic effect came fromthe Iandscape, new materials and forthrightdetai

43、ling.In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers but his belief that self-sufficiencywas both desirable and in evitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the America nsA pro

44、sperity and growthB efficie ncy and practicalityC restrai nt and con fide neeD pride and faithf uln ess32. Which of the followi ng can be in ferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?A It was foun ded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B Its desig ning con cept was affected by World War II.C Most America n arc

45、hitects used to be associated with it.D It had a great in flue nee upon America n architecture.33. Mies held that elega nee of architectural desig nA was related to large spaceB was ide ntified with empt in essC was not relia nt on abundant decorati onD was not associated with efficie ncy34. What is

46、 true about the apartments Mies building Chicago s Lake ShoreDrive?A They ignored details and proporti ons.B They were built with materials popular at that time.C They were more spacious tha n n eighbori ng buildi ngs.D They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the

47、 design of the“ Case Study House ” ?A Mecha ni cal devices were widely used.B Natural sce nes were take n into con siderati onC Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D Eco-frie ndly materials were employed.Text 4Will the Europea n Un io n make it? The questi on would have soun ded stra nge

48、not long ago. Noweven the project s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “ Bermuda triangle ” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EUface an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have los

49、t faith that the euro zone s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluati on.Yet the debate about how to save Europe s single currency from dis in tegrati onis stuck. It is st

50、uck because the euro zone s dominant powers,France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harm oni es.Germa ny thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spe nding and competitive ness, barked by quasi-automatic san ct

51、i ons for gover nments that do not obey. These might in clude threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regi ons and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country s voting rights inEU ministerialcouncils.It insiststhat economic co-ordinationshould invoIveall 27 members of the EU club, among whom

52、 there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French in terfere nee.A “southern ” camp headed by French wants something different:” Europeanecono mic gover nment ” within an inner core of euro-z one members.

53、 Tran slated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistributio n from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowi ng for gover nments through com mon Eurob onds or complete fiscal tran sfers. Fi nally,figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zon

54、e membersshould agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 2

55、7 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more ope n to goods, capital and labour tha n any comparable trad ing area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalizati on, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .A it has more or le

56、ss lost faith in marketsB eve n its supporters beg in to feel concernedC some of its member coun tries pla n to aba ndon euroD it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .A are competi ng for the lead ing positi

57、onB are busy han dli ng their own crisesC fail to reach an agreeme nt on harm oni zati onD disagree on the steps towards dis in tegrati on38. To solve the euro problem ,Germa ny proposed that .A EU funds for poor regi ons be in creasedB stricter regulatio ns be imposedC only core members be invo Ived in econo mic co-ord in ati onD voti ng rights of the EU members be guara nteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that.A poor countries are more likely to get fundsB strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC loans wil