八年级英语语法归纳整理-

1、八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册)Topic1一. 重点词汇( 一 ) 词形转换:1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety( 二 ) 词的辨析1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on3. other /else 4. raise /rise5.each /every 6.exciting / excited(三)重点词组:1.go on a visit to 去旅行2

2、. make the decision 做决定3.bring back 带回4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定6 see the sunrise 看日出7. make a reservation 预订8. come up with 想出(主意)9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望10. pay for 支付;赔偿11. raise money 筹钱12. book a ticket 订票13. make a room for sb 为订房间14. have a wonderful tim

3、e 玩得愉快15. in the daytime 在白天16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行17.find out 查出18. some places of interest 名胜19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(软)卧21.my pleasure 不客气二.重点句型及重点语言点1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。to tell you 是动词不定式短语， 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：

4、I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnica two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月

5、的假期an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩4.Its hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。如： Its nice to meet you.5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：Ill phone and ask the airline.6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip.

6、明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 Were trying to decide on a school.7.Its too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It too far to cycle there.8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by?乘去泰山要花多长时间?9.How much does it cost t

7、o go there ?去那里要花多少钱?How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少?10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at 意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.11.Id like to book 20 tickets

8、for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper ticketsbook tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为预订房间e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事e.g. Her p

9、arents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。make a reservation 预订14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我们有带浴缸的房间。with 有或带着 a house with a swimming poola standard room with two single beds15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schoo

10、ls. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket. (2)用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.(3)用于复数

11、主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address.17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.三.重点语法动词不定式(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺

12、口溜(要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始)(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station.(4) 本topic出现的句子有：I have some exciting news to tell you.I wa

13、nt to make a hotel reservation.It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.Topic2一、重点词汇：(一)词形转换：1.explore(名词) explore 2

14、. east (形容词) eastern3.north(形容词) northern 4. push (反义词) pull5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded(二)重点词组:1.make a plan 拟定计划2. make sure 确信，确保3. come along with 和一起来4. at the foot of 在的脚下5. be surprised at 对感到惊奇6. be satisfied with 对感到满意7. out of sight 看不见8. step on ones toes 踩着某人的脚9.

15、cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事10. spread over 分布于11.rush out 冲出去12.raise ones head 抬头13.ask sb for help 向某人求助14.thank goodness 谢天谢地二. 重点句型及重点语言点1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时， 我正忙于准备考试。(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事Im busy preparing for my b

16、irthday party these days.(2)while 当时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗?Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could youCould you come along with us ?3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced sout

17、h and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。Two and a half hours = two hours and a half5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) J

18、apan is to the east of China.on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。be surprised at 对感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.be surprised to do st

19、h 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.7.so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ?8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。in ones direction 朝着某人的方向 step o

20、n ones toes踩了某人的脚step on sth 踩某物 Dont step on the flowers and grass.9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up

21、 happily.三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。as soon as 引导时间状语从句 意为“一就”He left as soon as he heard the news.Ill tell him as soon as I see him.11.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。 not until 直到才12.They were so lovely that we couldnt help playing with them.它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。cant hel

22、p doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldnt help laughing.13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。be satisfied with 对感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.14. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.三.重点语法

23、 时间状语从句1。引导词：(1) when, while , as 当时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词;while 后跟延续性动词;as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for u

24、s. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。(2)not until 直到才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。I wont leave here until the rain stops.He didnt sleep until his mother came back home.(3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就I went to sleep after I finished my homework.= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.As soon as the bell rings , the stu

25、dents will go into the classroom.2. 时态(1)当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.本topic出现的句子有：1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.2.He didnt raise his head until

26、 someone called his name.3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.6.As

27、 they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.Topic3一、重点词汇：(一)词形转换：1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly3.crossing(动词)cross 介词) across 4. success(动词)succeed (形容词successful5.Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible9 courage (动词

28、) encourage(二)重点词组:1.Slow down 减速2. run into 撞到3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事5. ride into 进入 跻身于6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事7. a sharp turn 急转弯8. be popular with 受的欢迎9. get a fine 处以罚金10. go on doing sth 继续做某事11. the way to success 成功之路12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则13.

29、break the traffic rules 违反交通规则14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事15.be famous for 因闻名16. be in danger 处于危险中17.after a while 一会儿二. 重点句型及重点语言点1.I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。traffic 是不可数名词2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。If we br

30、eak the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。3.I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。more confident 是比较级4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事You should avoid ma

31、king the mistake like that.He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。Be popular with 受欢迎6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事7.Most people think bicycles are much

32、safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。8.However, his way to success didnt go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在成功I didnt have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。9.Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。10

33、.It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medalIt seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎She always seems to be sad.三.重点语法 条件状语从句1.条件状语从句由if(如果)，unless(除非)等 引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。主句 if从句Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时如：I wont go if he doesnt go .We will pass the ex

34、am if we study hard.We wont pass the exam unless we study hard.2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如：Hurry up, or youll be late.= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Youll be late unless you hurry up.Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam八年级下册英语期中复习总结指导

35、(上)二、难点解析1. look(1)look在此句中用作连系动词,意为“看起来”。1)后跟形容词。如：You look well/fine/healthy. 你看起来很健康。The teacher looks happy. 老师看上去很高兴。She looks pale. 她面色苍白。2)后跟过去分词。如：You look tired; youd better have a rest. 你看上去很累,你最好休息一下。3)后跟名词。如：He looks a nice, honest man. 他看上去是个诚实的好人。4)后跟介词短语等。如：He looks in good health. 他看

36、来十分健康。(2)用作不及物动词,意为“看,望,瞧”。1)单独使用时,后不跟介词。如：I looked but saw nothing. 我看了,但什么也没看见。Look! Here comes the bus. 瞧!汽车来了。Look before you leap. 三思而后行。2)和at连用。如:The teacher is looking seriously at us. 老师正严肃地看着我们。Look at these pictures. How beautiful they are! 看这些画,它们是多么漂亮啊!3)和其它某些介词或副词连用:look after 照看，照料look

37、 for 寻找look around 四下环顾;到处寻找look back on 回想，回顾look down on 看不起look forward to 盼望look into 朝里面看look on.as 把某人看作look out 当心look over 仔细检查;翻阅look through 浏览;仔细检查;看穿look up 抬头看;查;找出2. wantwant表示“想要”， 有以下用法：want+名词“想要某物”I want a bottle of juice. 我想要一瓶果汁。want to do sth.“想要干某事”He wants to go to a movie. 他想

38、去看一部电影。want sb. To do sth.“想要某人干某事”I want you to play with me. 我想要你和我一块玩。3. be going to(1)be going to 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有“准备;打算”的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。如：We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排)Look at the black clouds. I

39、ts going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。(推测)(2)be going to 在肯定句中的形式be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am , is , are。当主语是I时用am;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。如：I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。(3)含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法由于句子

40、中有助动词be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isnt/arent. / No, Im not.不过 I am. 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you .?”。如：They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句)They are not going to see the car f

41、actory next week. (否定句)Are they going to see the car factory next week?Yes, they are. (No, they arent.) (一般疑问句及其回答)(4)使用be going to 应注意的两点There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be. (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。如：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our sc

42、hool.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。如：Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。4. be able tobe able to do 和can 的含义基本相同，但二者有一定的区别。表示“能力”时，can常指现在，较be able to更常用;如果只表示能力时，两者都可用;但若表示过去的能力+特定行为时，则要用was/were able to;若指将来才具备的能力则只能用shall/will be able to表示。

43、如：I can/am able to swim. (现在时，二者皆可)我会游泳。The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. (表示将来的能力，不能用can)这个婴儿几周后将能走路。5. sure我相信李先生一定会感到惊讶和快乐。sure 是形容词，意为“肯定的，当然的”。常用来回答一般疑问句，等于 Yes或Certainly。sure的用法：(1)be sure+不定式。常用于祈使句，表示要求，意为“务必、请一定”。指外界的看法。如：I think hes coming, but Im not quite sure.我认为他就要来了，但我不是很肯

44、定。Be sure to telephone me and give me all the news.务必打电话给我并告诉我所有消息。(2)be sure+of或about。意为“相信，对有把握”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。常用来表示“人对某事的看法”，指主观上的看法。如：Are you sure of that meeting?你相信那场会吗?He is sure about this answer.他对答案很有把握(胸有成竹)。(3)be sure+从句。表示“某人对有把握”。如：Im sure that he is coming to help me.我相信他会来帮我的。The

45、 teacher is sure that these books are interesting.老师很有把握地说那些书非常有趣。(4)make sure意为“务必、确信”，其后也可接of或about或动词不定式或that从句。如：I made sure (that) he was badly ill.我确信他病的很严重。Will you make sure of his return?你能确保他返回吗?Make sure to come to the party on time.务必准时到晚会来。6. be popular with somebodypopular 形容词 流行的, 受欢迎

46、的a popular song 一支通俗歌曲She is popular at school. 她在学校里很受人喜欢。如果表示“受某人的欢迎，在某人中流行”，用短语：be popular with somebody,如：This dance is popular with young people. 这种舞很受青年人喜爱。7. deal with的用法(1)deal with意为“处理”。deal的过去式和过去分词都是dealt。如：I dont know how to deal with the problem.我们不知道如何处理这个问题。At the beginning of this t

47、erm, well have many difficulties to deal with.这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。That matter needs to be dealt with. 那件事需要处理了。(2)deal with还可以作“对待;对付”解。如：The old lady is hard to deal with. 那个老太太很难对付。What is the best way of dealing with the cruel enemy?对付残忍的敌人最好的办法是什么?(3)deal with 还可以作“论述或谈论(某问题)”解。如：This book deals wi

48、th problems of pollution.这本书论述污染问题。He made a speech at the conference, dealing with folk music.他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。8. be afraid ofbe afraid of doing something 表示害怕(担心)会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况(不一定是令人畏惧的情况)，可译为“唯恐(怕)”;be afraid to do something 害怕(不敢)去做某事，(常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果)。如：She was afraid of waking her

49、husband up.可能丈夫病了或很累，不应吵醒他。(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果)She was afraid to wake her husband up.如叫醒丈夫，可能他要发火，责备她。(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事)I am afraid of asking the teacher.我害怕问老师。(要麻烦老师，是我不希望发生的)I am afraid to ask the teacher.我不敢问老师。(表示有必要去问，但老师可能要批评我)9. instead of(1)instead of 的意思是“代替”、“而不”，其主动用法如下：1)作为短语介词，instead of 后面常跟名

50、词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构。例如：Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。They must make up their own minds instead of our making up their minds for them.他们必须自己做出决定，而不是由我们来代替他们作决定。Its me that should ask you instead of you asking me.应该是我问你而不是你问我。2)instead of 后面还可跟形容词、副词、动词、不定式、介词短语和从句，这时他相当于

51、连词，但也有不少人认为他们是介词。但是，对我们中学生来说，重要的不是他的词性，而是他的用法。请看下面的例句：Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead of older.每天锻炼身体使他显得更年轻而不是苍老。(连接形容词)But the businessman grew worse instead of better.但这位商人的情况没有好转，反而进一步恶化了。I go to bed late instead of early.我总是很晚才睡。(连接副词)That increased instead of decreased

52、 our courage.那增加了我们的用勇气不是减少了我们的勇气。He proposes to do some work instead of to watch television.他提议做些工作而不是看电视。(连接不定式)A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hate him.他若是说一句鼓励的话，那么我或许不会恨他，反而会敬重他。(连接不定式)In warm weather he often reads under a tree instead of in the library.天气暖和的时候，他常

53、常是在树下而不是在图书馆里读书。(连接介词短语)As a result, silver began to flow out of, instead of into, the country.结果，银开始流出而不是流入该国。(2)instead单独使用时，与instead of不同，instead 是副词，意思是“代替”、“顶替”(=in place of that)。如：Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer Im going to Dalian instead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将去大连。试比较下面的句子：Instead of goi

54、ng to Qingdao. Im going to Dalian this year.今年我将去大连，而不去青岛。以上两句意思虽然相同，但用instead这个副词时，句子中的动作是被“取”的，即要去做的，而用instead of时，of后面的动是被“舍”的，即不去做的。10. take care oftake care of sb. = look after sb. 意思是“照顾某人”、“照料某人”。如：I can take care of the baby all by myself.我自己能照顾这个小孩。11. 反身代词的用法1)作动词或介词的宾语。如：She bought herself a new skirt.她给自己买了一条新裙子。I make myself go o