英语专四作文写作（谷风讲课）

1、TEM 4 Writing,2010年TEM试卷 Part VI WRITING (45MIN) Section A COMPOSITION (35MIN) It was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 Yuan a month. This has led to a heated

2、 debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should College Students Hire Cleaners?,1,沐风教资,You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state clearly what your view is. In the second part, sup

3、port your view with appropriate reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.,2,沐风教资,专四作文要求,专四作文要求：根据所给作文题目、提纲

4、、数据等，在35分钟内写200单词的左右的作文，分值15分，要求：切题、完整、条理清楚、结构严谨、语法正确、语言通顺、表达得体。体裁为议论文、说明文（记叙文、描写文没有考过但不能排除）。,3,沐风教资,一、分析往届真题，判断作文命题方式,年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 题型 1995大学生打工利与弊 学生业余生活 议论文 利弊比较 1996大学生活与中学生活的不同 学生生活 说明文 对比说明 1997专业学习压力利或弊 学生学习 议论文 观点议论 1998一种解决城市空气污染的办法 环境 说明文 提出建议 1999电视广告的利或弊 社会现象 议论文 利弊讨论 2000课外活动的重要性 学生生活

5、说明文 观点说明 2001旅游开阔视野 大众生活 说明文 观点说明 2002保持健康的最好办法 大众生活 说明文 提出建议 2003保持好心情的重要性 大众生活 说明文 观点说明 2004电话是否会代替写信？ 社会现象 议论文 观点议论,4,沐风教资,2005为艺术节提建议 校园文化生活 说明文 提出建议 2006攒钱/还是花明天的钱 大众生活 议论文 观点议论 2007网上交友理智吗 学生业余生活 议论文 观点议论 2008做志愿者的好处 学生业余生活 说明文 观点议论 2009旅游伤害环境吗 社会现象 议论文 观点议论 2010大学生聘用清洁工吗 学生业余生活 议论文 观点议论 2011

6、私有车能交污染税吗？ 大众生活 议论文 观点议论 2012 端午节 大众生活 说明文 说明介绍 2013 节约花钱 大众生活 议论文 说明观点 2014 英语专业学生学数学 大学生学业 议论文 观点议论,5,沐风教资,二、专业四级命题的特点 * 题材常常涉及到学生生活，如学习、文化、课外活动、文化艺术节等，大众生活如身体健康的方法、心情愉快的重要性和旅游的作用等，一些社会热点问题和现象，如网络、环境、科技的负面影响和私家车等话题。 *体裁以说明文和议论文为主，有时会有二者的配合使用。如“保持好心情的重要性”，首先要阐述出几个重要性，属于说明文；然后在分析为什么要那样做，属于议论文。因此有的作文

7、以说明文为主，有的以议论文为主。,6,沐风教资,*题型 1）比较选择类作文1995，1996，1999， 2）意义、重要性、危害性说明类作文2000，2001，2003，2006，2008, 3）观点论证类作文1997，2002，2004，2007，2009，2010， 2011 4）提出建议、解决问题类作文1998，2005。,7,沐风教资,三、写作步骤,1.审清指令 理解指令是写作考试至关重要的环节,因为指令包括了对作文主题、发展方式等方面的要求。 例 The Best Way to Stay Healthy 审题关键：the BEST way - doing exercises? -ke

8、eping a balanced diet ? - having enough sleep?,8,沐风教资,2. 列出写作提纲 将主题思想具体化、条理化。 理清思路，使文章有章可循，有理可依。 保证不跑题, 有利于整体布局。 短语句子均可，自己看得懂即可。 例 The Best Way to Stay Healthy the BEST way - doing exercises REASONS: 1. physically strong (lung, heart, blood circulation ) 2. Help to improve appetite 3. Help to releas

9、e pressure-relaxation 4. Help to build confidence ( by race, competition)-mentally strong conclusion,9,沐风教资,3.确定主题句：主题句是确保不跑题的前提。写主题句最保险的方法就是将考试提示中的关键句，甚至标题加以灵活应用，考生可以直接把它扩充为主题句topic sentence。 4.安排结构 指令对文章的结构有规定：第一段明确观点（简单导入和主题思想句）；第二段提供理由和事例（主题句和有说服力的细节和事件-一定是具体的例子和事件，不要空虚的套话）；第三段归纳总结（使用表示总结的词汇或词组，

10、不要引出新观点）。,10,沐风教资,5.草稿写作 按照拟订的提纲进行充实，补充必要的细节。在打草稿的过程中可以不局限于提纲，任意发挥。以提纲为指导，对主题思想整体布局，通盘考虑。可以对提纲进行调整和修改。 6.适当修改 主题思想明确，文章不偏题； 细节与主题密切相关； 句子和段落间的衔接； 文章无标点、拼写、大小写和语法方面的错误。,11,沐风教资,四. 段落的写法,句子分布： 按照专业四级作文的要求，在35分钟写一篇200左右的短文，因此全文只能有13-14个句子，其中引言段3，4，3句，正文段8，7，7句，结语段3，3，4句即可。,12,沐风教资,四. 开头的写法,开头利用指令改写 In

11、this fast-paced society, people are confronted with stress in a variety of directions like education, career or family. Therefore, to keep a good mood is of great significance to fight against pressure from all aspects of life.,13,沐风教资,开头开门见山 The importance of keeping a good mood can never be overst

12、ated. I have the following reasons to support this statement.,14,沐风教资,开头名言、数据等+观点 避免写作的主观性，可以在作文中出现别人的声音： 1. 如数据（According to a recent poll, 61percent of American high school students have admitted cheating on exams at least once.）、 2. 别人的话（My teacher often said that you cant tell a book by its cove

13、r. ）、 3. 名人的至理名言（ “Love makes all hard hearts gentle” by George Herbert）、 4. 谚语（A friend in need is a friend indeed.） 名言都有固定的句式，不确信最好不用。 Hobbies are the best teacher.,15,沐风教资,开头提问：注意人称的变换-we, you, it? Are you in a good mood today? Do you take a good mood as an important part of your life? Definitely

14、, the importance of a good mood can never be overstressed. The following reasons can account for why a good mood is so important. Firstly, a good can help us .,16,沐风教资,五、中间段/主体段的写法,中间段要有主题句（topic sentence) 主旨句是针对全篇文章，是全文内容的总结，并依靠全文的段落支持。因此应出现在开头段里。 主题句是对整个段落而言，它是段落思想的概括，并靠整个段落中的例子、细节等来支持、开展。,17,沐风教资

15、,Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence,1）Topic sentence should be a complete sentence with a complete meaning. Many items to be ready for a safe, enjoyable hike. I need many items to be ready for a safe, enjoyable hike.,18,沐风教资,Topic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning.

16、 Television is very important. Television plays an educational role in daily life.,19,沐风教资,3) Topic sentence should have practical content. (主题句内容必须具体。) To improve reading ability, one needs to acquire some reading skills. To improve English proficiency, one need to acquire some skills.,20,沐风教资,4) T

17、opic sentence should not be a specific description. (描写细节的句子不能作主题句。) 1. He sent his wife a diamond ring on her thirtieth birthday. 2. They moved to a new apartment last month. 3. He encountered an old friend yesterday.,21,沐风教资,5) Topic sentence: topic + controlling idea Before writing any essay or e

18、ven a paragraph, it is important to think: - the topic - what you want to say about the topic (controlling idea).,22,沐风教资,People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions. Topic: avoid burglaries Controlling idea: by taking certain precautions There are several advantages to growing up in a

19、 small town. Topic: growing up in a small town Controlling idea: several advantages Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons. Topic: Most US score Controlling idea: for a number of reasons,23,沐风教资,requirements: 1. Topic sentence should be complete sentences. 2. To

20、pic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning. 3. Topic sentence should have practical content. 4. Topic sentence should not be a specific description. 5. Topic sentence includes: topic + controlling idea.,24,沐风教资,Practice: write at least two topic sentences for the following

21、 topics,Firecrackers should be banned. Reduce waste on campus. How I finance my college education. Tourism brings harm to the environment. I prefer living in rural areas to living in urban areas.,25,沐风教资,Firecrackers should be banned. Firecrackers form a potential cause for fire accidents. Firecrack

22、ers may cause injuries to both the people who set them off and the innocent bystanders. Firecrackers pollute air. Firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.,26,沐风教资,Reduce waste on campus. Try to avoid using disposable/ throwaway tableware. If we are the last one to leave the dorm or classroom

23、, remember to turn off the lights.,27,沐风教资,How I finance my college education. I can ask my parents for help if they have nice careers. With the help of my teacher, I can apply for a loan especially provided for college students by the state. I can also do a part-time job to make some money.,28,沐风教资

24、,Tourism brings harm to the environment. In the process of exploiting a scenic spot, the construction of artificial facilities will have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. Some tourists dont have the awareness to protect the environment, and destroy the environment.,29,沐风教资,I prefer liv

25、ing in rural areas to living in urban areas. Living in a rural area keeps me away from all kinds of pollution. Living in a rural area, I will have less working pressure. Living in a rural area, I enjoy more harmonious interpersonal relationships.,30,沐风教资,细节的展开 表示不同关系的连接词汇，如: 1） 时间（to begin with, mor

26、eover, finally; first of all, next, then, eventually; first, second, third） 2） 因果(owing to, due to, in this way, as a result, for this reason, consequently, accordingly ) 3）比较、对比(unlike, in contrast, on the contrary, similarly, in the same way, in like manner, just as, whereas, in spite of ),31,沐风教资

27、,细节的展开 4） 附加 (besides, not only but also, apart from, furthermore ) 5）递进(furthermore, moreover, equally important, last but not least, additionally, likewise, as well as, besides) 6）举例a case in point, to illustrate, take for example, as follows, as an illustration, just as),32,沐风教资,7）让步(in spite of,

28、 regardless of, even though, whereas) 8）转折(on the other side, on the contrary, nevertheless) 9）解释、同位( roughly means, in other words, assuggests, as regards, as for, in terms of, that is to say, with regard to ) 10）选择(or rather, rather than, not but, whetheror, alternately, neithernor, either. Or),33

29、,沐风教资,11）总结(all in all, in short, as has been mentioned, to conclude, in conclusion, in summary, on the whole) We can draw the conclusion from what we have talked about Personally, I For these reasons According to the above analysis, we can arrive at the conclusion that等连词，如能恰当的运用在作文中，会增加连贯性，使句子地道流畅

30、。,34,沐风教资,七 范文赏析,怎样利用范文 背范文： 不同类型各背一遍， 背熟 （背不熟与不背是一样的） 熟到可以默写下来 （10-15分钟） 对照原文找错误，即弱点（拼写、语法、标点，时态等） 背后要有意识用，即仿写，背诵的表达用得越多越好 坚持此种方法练笔，必会有所收获,35,沐风教资,Should College Students Hire Cleaners?,According to a recent report, six university students hired cleaners to clean their dorm and do their laundry eve

31、ry week. Although we have no right to tell them what to do with their money, as a university student myself, I find this practice absurd. (第一段必须提出观点) For a start, away from our parents, it is in university that we learn to be independent adults. Cleaning the room and doing ones laundry are the most

32、basic living skills. If we always depend on others to take care of us, how can we survive when there is no one to help us? How can we take on any responsibility when we step into society?,36,沐风教资,For another, the practice reflects their flippant attitude towards money. The money they paid for the cl

33、eaners probably comes from their parents, who must be very depressed once they know the truth. It also sets a very bad precedent on campus. Other students may follow suit to show the wealth of their families; or worse, they tend to think money can buy them anything in this world, which obviously is

34、wrong. All in all, I think we must do away with this practice. Otherwise, we may never appreciate the good value of money and an independent way of life. The better and sooner we can take care of ourselves, the more proud our parents will be.,37,沐风教资,(2)The Benefits of Volunteering,Directions: Decem

35、ber 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the dpecial day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering? (注意审题， who are YOU here?),38,沐风教资,Volunteering means being willing to help people in need and make contributions to society for no financial rewards. Needless to say, volunteering is of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the society. Yet, despite the