复合句的讲解

1、复合句的讲解：1 概念： 复合句（Complex Sentence）分为并列复合句和从属复合句，并列复合句是有并列连词：and、or、but连接；从属复合句由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。用疑问词作引导词，主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。二，分类：从属复合句可分为：1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）；2).状语从句（The

2、Adverbial Clause）；3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause）；2定语从句的定义 ：定语从句在句中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。2.2 先行词和引导词 被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词； 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。 引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。2.3 关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why。 注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。I dont like th

3、e way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。关系代词：who 关系代词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。He is the man who wants to see you.2.5 关系代词：whom He is the man （whom）I saw in the park yesterday. （whom在从句中作宾语）2.6 关系代词：whose whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。Please pass me the book whose cover

4、is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）2.7 关系代词：which（1） which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.2.8 关系代词：which（2） 当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一般情况下要选which： 1.在非限制性定语从句

5、中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。 2. 修饰整个主句。 I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.3. 修饰谓语部分。He can swim in the river, which I cannot.4. 介词 + which They are all questions to which there are no answers.2.9 关系代词：that（1） that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。Its a questi

6、on that(which)needs careful consideration. （指物，作主语。）Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree? （指人，作主语。）The girl (that)we saw yesterday is Toms sister. （指人，作宾语，可省略。）2.10 关系代词：that（2） 在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。 All(that)s

7、he lacked was training.2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时4. 先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited。 5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时3 状语从句 3.1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 如：Wherever I am I will be thinkin

8、g of you.3.2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。 如Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（正如，就像，） He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to

9、 say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 （ as if, as though仿佛似的，好像似的，）3.3原因状语从句 比较：because, since, as和for1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。

10、但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.3.4 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导，例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.Better take more clothes in case the weather is c

11、old.3.5 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。比较：so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。So foolish, such a fool So nice a flower, such a nice flowerSo many / few flowers, such nice flowers So muc

12、h / little money, such rapid progressSo many people, such a lot of people（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school3.6 条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/

13、so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not.Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.3.7 让步状语从句 though, although注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用 Although its raining, they are st

14、ill working in the field.3) ever if, even though. 即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whetheror- 不管都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5) no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀everNo matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whatever no

15、matter which = whichever no matter how = however8 时间状语从句：比较while, when, as 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。As th

16、e day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。4.名词性从句 (主语，表语，同位语，宾语）4.1 宾语从句（The Object Clause） 宾语从句 ：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。 宾语从句：及物动词的宾语 Every body knows that money doesnt grow on trees. 宾语从句：短语动词的宾语 Please go and find out when the train will ar

17、rive. 宾语从句：介词的宾语 I am interested in what she is doing. 宾语从句：否定的转移I dont suppose youre used to this diet. 我想你不习惯这种饮食。 I dont believe shell arrive before 8. 我相信她8点之前不会到。4.2 表语从句（The Predicative Clause） 表语从句 ：在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。What the police want to know is when you entered the ro

18、om.This is what we should do. Thats why I want you to work there.as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。She seems as if she had done a great thing. It is because you eat too much. 虚拟语气：表语从句主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。My suggestion is that we (should)go a

19、nd help him.Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.4.3 同位语从句（The Appositive Clause） 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：I had no idea that you were her