高中虚拟语气教案

1、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气是什么定义：在表示一种完全假设的情况或主观愿望时，动词（实意动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词）需用一种特殊的形式，称为虚拟语气。用来表达非真实的情况，如建议、命令、安排、猜测、愿望/遗憾、假设、空想、白日梦等。e.g. 1.If I were you,I would forgive Mary.假设2.I wish you had come to the party yesterday.愿望3.If only（要是就好了） you could understand me！愿望二、虚拟语气怎么用（1）虚拟语气在非真实性条件句/虚拟条件句中的应用虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反的假设

2、If+主语+did/were（过去式）主语+should/would/could/might+do（动词原形）与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had（助动词） done（过去分词）主语+should/ would/could/might+have(助动词) done与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+didIf+主语+were to doIf+主语+should do主语+should/would/could/might+do（动词原形）e.g.4.If(先行词) I were（无人称变化） you，I should seize the chance to go abroad. 5.If you

3、had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.6.If Professor Li should have（had/were to have） time tomorrow，we could ask him questions.例题1.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you had told me, I could have helped.例题2. We would be (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt

4、lose the map.例题3. Sorry,I am too busy now.If I （D）time,I would certainly go for an outgoing with you.A.have had B.had had C.have D.had例题4. -Do you think John has passed the driving test?-No.If so,he( C )his car to our college yesterday.A.would drive B.drove C.would have driven D.had driven注意：在条件句中可省

5、略if，且把were，should，had（需是助动词）提到句首，构成部分倒装（否定不用缩写）e.g.7.Were I twenty now，I would join the army。现在8.Should Mr.White call，what would you say?将来9.Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded.过去10.Had I not warned you，you could have been killed.（not置于主语之后）过去例题5.Had the goverments and scientists not

6、worked together,AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen (fall) since their highest in 2005. 标志词：now，tomorrow，lastnight总结：如何判断时态 翻译真实条件句：这种条件句实现的可能性非常大，在条件句中常用表示现在的某种时态代替表示将来时时态 提示词：if，unless用法1）主将从现；2)主句有情态动词，从句用一般现在时；3)主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。e.g. If I have time,Ill come over to see you. If we leave now,

7、we can still catch the bus.（2）错综时间条件句中虚拟语气的使用（混合虚拟语气）当从句的动作与主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据其所表达的时间做出相应的调整。e.g.11.If you had studied（过去） hard before，you would be（现在） a college student now.12.If the doctor hadnt tried（过去） his best to save you，you wouldnt be（现在） standing here now.13.If I were（现在） you，I wouldnt

8、 have missed （过去）the film last night.例题6.If we ( D )a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.A.have booked B.booked C.book D.had booked（3）含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的使用（主句虚拟） 有时条件句并不是用if引导的从句表示，而是通过一些词或短语表示，如without，but for,but,otherwise,or（否则）等。e.g.14.But for your advice，I could not have done it so su

9、ccessfully.15.We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.16.I should have come to meet you，but I was really busy.例题7. Without his wartime experiences,Heimingway ( D )his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written（4）见提示词

10、表建议、愿望、命令、坚持含义的词，用虚拟语气动词用（should）+do提示词：一、坚持（insist）二、命令（order，command）三、建议（suggest，advise，propose）四、要求（demand，desire，request，require）五、其他（necessary，natural，important，plan）e.g.17.He suggested that we （should）start off（出发，动身，开始从事） early the next day（明天）.18.They insited that the boy （should）go with th

11、em.19.It is necessary that he （should）be sent there at once.20.My suggestion is that we （should）send a few people to help them.注意：suggest作“建议”讲时，表示一种意见时，应用虚拟语气；若作“表明，暗示”解，用于陈述一种实际情况的时候，从句用陈述语气。e.g. 21.What he said suggested that he was a fraud.insist作“坚持要求”解，表示一种要求、请求时，应用虚拟语气；若insist作“坚持认为”解，用于陈述一种看

12、法、实情时，从句用陈述语气。e.g. 22.He insisted that he was innocent.例题8.When the poice are looking into（调查） a case it is essential（基本的） that all the facts ( B )first.A.are examined(检查) B.be examined C.should examine D.were examined例题9.She requested that no one ( D )her decision until the next meeting.A.told B.te

13、ll C.told of D.be told of例题10. My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.（5）虚拟语气在其他从句及一些固定句式中的用法 与现在事实相反were/did主语+wish+从句 与过去事实相反had done 与将来事实相反would/could doe.g.23.We wish we had paid more attention to it.24.I wish I were a bird.25.I wish he would try again.在if only(要是就好了)引

14、导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望现在：were/did 过去：had done 将来：would doe.g. 26.Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teachers advice.注意：区别only if（只有，表条件）e.g. 27.I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 虚拟语气，谓语动词were/did（现在）had主句+as if（though）（仿佛，好像）+从句 done（过去），would/could do（将来） 陈述语气，谓语动词用正常

15、时态e.g.28.The two newcomers talked as if they had known each other for years.29.It looks as if it isnt clean enough to swim here.例题11.It was John who broken the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it.Its time +从句Its （high/about）time（that）sb did/should do sth. 某人该做了。e.g. 30.Its time that we stopped/should stop this practice.例题12.Jake is a great talker.I