人教版新目标八年级上第一单元知识点讲解及练习

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacati on?语言功能：谈论过去的事件重点词汇：try, wonder, dislike, wonderful, bored, were, was, stayed visited，arrived, went, bought, ate, saw, felt，walk，discuss, expensive, cheap, interesting, boring, exciting, terrible, friendly, special, delicious, rainy， sunny, hot, wet, go on vacation,

2、 stay at home， decide to do sth. quite a few.stay at home 呆在家 go shopp ing 去购物 seem to be 好像decide to do sth决定做某事 ride bicycles骑自行车 eno ugh money足够的钱 the top of the hill 山顶重点短语：quite a few相当多，不少of course 当然feel like给的感觉，感受到because of 因为 go on vacati on 去度假 go to summer camp 去夏令营 study for tests为考试学习

3、重点句型： Where did you go on vacati on? We we nt to New York.Did you go to Central Park?Yes, I did.How was the weather?It was sunny.语言结构：一般过去时：肯定句：谓语动词用过去式否定句：助动词did not+动词原形（did not可缩写为didn 疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形语法some one 某人，anyone某人/任何人,no one没有人, every one 每人。1.不定代词，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，常用不定代词有：something

4、 某事，somebody 某人，anything/某事，任何事，anybody 某人/任何人，nothing 没有东西，nobody 没有人，everything 每一件事，everybody 每人，all所有的，each每个，both两者都，much许多，many许多，（a）little少许，（a）few很少得，other （s）其他的（其他人），an other另一个，none没有，one ，either两者中的一个，neither两者都不。some one, anyone, no one, every one, somethi ng, no thir等 复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；

5、either, neither, each, little, much等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Nothi ng is yet certa in. 切都还没有肯定。Neither was satisfactory.两者都不使人满意。No one goes to the school duri ng the vacatio n 假期时没人到学校去。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词之后。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Do you have anything to saId like something to eat.Eg. Have

6、 you boughtfor Lindasbirthday?-Not exactly. Just some flowers.A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual somethingD. unusualanything巩固练习rm so thirsty. Shall we getto drink?I don t thinkknows her new address.Theresin the new cupboard. Its empty now.is too difficult if you put your heart into

7、 it.I think you can find himin the school.Could you telldiffere nt betwee n the two pictures?Please help yourself tosoup.somethi ng ,anyone, nothing. Noth ing ,no where somewhere anything, some一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night，in 1990,two

8、 days agQ一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他； 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加did nt，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他1. Be动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be动词，am, is的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句： 主语+was (were) +表语.女如： I was late yesterday.(昨天我迟到了。) 否定句：主语+was (were) +n ot+表语，如：We were nt

9、late yesterday.(我们昨天没有迟到) 疑问句：Was (Were) +主语 + 表语，如： Were you a student?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语Why was he late for school last Mon day? 上星期一他为什么迟到？2. 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did.否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语I did my homework yesterday.I didn t do myomework yesterday.否定句

10、 ) Did you do your homework yesterday? Yes, I did. /No, I didn 一般疑问句)3. 情态动词的一般过去时：肯定句式：主语+情态动词+其它 否定句式：主语+情态动词+ not +其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其它？ 注： 情态动词的过去式：cancould , may might , must muswill-would，should-should。特殊疑问句式：特殊疑冋词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他What could she do twe nty years ago 20 年前她能做什么？例题解析：举一反三，学的更

11、轻松！1. Mr. Mott is out. But hehere a few minu tes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2. -Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fan cy. Iyou were here.A. dont know B. wo nt thi nkC. thi nkD. did nt know动词过去式的变化规则1. 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed,如：work2. 以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d: live13. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed: study4. 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母 重读闭音节

12、体现形式为辅-元-辅结构，5. 不规则变化的动词过去式： have-had 有 feel-felt 感觉 drink drank 喝 buybought 买 wear-wore 穿 becomebecame成为arewere 是do/doesdid 做 eat ate 吃catch caught 抓 住 cut-cut 切割worked looklookedlived hopehoped useusedstudied carrycarried worryworriedstopstopped planpla nned+ed:get-got 得至U iswas 是 bring-brought 带来

13、 teach taught 教 sweepswept 打扫say-said 说 go-went 去 think-thought 想,认为 sit-sat 坐 sleepslept 睡觉一般过去时练习题，.请用正确动词形式填空1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We(have) a party last Hallowee n.4. Nancy(pick) up oran ges on the farm last week.5. I(make) a model ship with Mike

14、yesterday.6. They(play) chess in the classroom last PE less on.7. My mother(cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dan ce) at the party last ni ght.9. I watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?按要求变换句型。1. Frank read an interesting book a

15、bout history.(一般疑问句)Frankan in terest ing book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now.(戈U线提问)Whathejust now?3. Thomas spent $10 on this book.（否定句）Thomas$10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week.（划线提问）familylast week?Go on vacation去度假；on vacation,在度假（表状态）summer vacation 暑假 wint

16、er vacation 寒假Haikou is a beautiful city. Lets there.My pare nts are in Hawaii.some 一些，某些，某个，any 些，任何some和any既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此some和any的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中A: Are there any apples in the fridge?B: Yes, there are some./ No, there aretna ny.A: Is there any water in th

17、e bottle?B: Yes, there is some water./ No, there isha ny water.Eg. He asked me forpaper, but I didrthave.A. some; some B. any; someC. some; any D. any; any但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如：Would you like some coffee?你要不要来点咖啡？Many, much, a lot of 许多much只能修饰不可数名词many只能修饰可数名词复数A lot of =lots

18、of接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。a lot是副词性短语，修饰动词。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much.再比如：I know him a lot。Few 和 a few, little 和 a little.few, a few是修饰可数名词复数的,little, a little是修饰不可数名词的。a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little，意思是很少，几乎没有表否定意味。He hasfrie nds here, he feels Ion ely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There areeggs

19、in the bask篮子里有几个鸡蛋。There isink in my bottle, can you give meink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗?Decide决定，下决心decide to do sth.决定做某事,相当于 make up onesmind to do sth. decide的名词形式为 decision.decide to do sth 的否定形式是 decided not to do sth.decide+名词：I can decide the date of the meeti ng我决定不了这次会议的日期。decide to do sthHe

20、decides to go to Hong Kang on vacatior他决定去香港度假。decide*疑问词 +to do： They can decide whom to i nvite.他们不能决定该邀请谁。decide+宾语从句:We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.Eg. Goldilocks decided tofor a walk in the forest.A. go B. to go C. going D. goestry,尝试，努力，试图try to do sth.尽力做某事；try not to do

21、 sth.尽力不去做某事try doing sth.试着做某事；try on试穿（接名词时，名词放在on前后都可以，接代词时，代词须放在try和on之间She is tryi ng to draw a horse她正努力画一匹马。You should try taking more exercise你应该试着多运动 .I lltry y best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。This skirt is very nice. Would you like to try it on?这条裙子很漂亮，你想试一下吗？What a difference a day makes!多么不同的一天

22、啊！由what引导的感叹句，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！What importa nt jobs they have done!Eg.won derful con cert they are putt ing on in the city square!A. How B. What C. What a D. What anEnough,足够的修饰名词时，eno ugh 放前, 如 eno ugh money ,eno ugh time修饰形容词或副词时，eno ugh 放后面，女口 goo

23、d eno ugh, happy eno ugh,well eno ughEg.I dont know himto ask him for help.A. good eno ugh B. eno ugh good C. eno ugh wellD. well eno ughDid everyone have a good time大 家都玩得很开心吗？have a good time = enjoy on eself = have fun 玩得开心(+ doing)eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.=We enjo yed o

24、urselves visit ing the the Great Wall.=We had fun visit ing the the Great Wall.I really enjoyed walking around the tow n.我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。（P5）enjoy及物动词，意为 喜爱；欣赏；享受的乐趣”其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语a. Do you enjoy your job?你喜欢你的工作吗？b. I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。（enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事）拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good ti

25、me = have fu 玩得开心 （+ doing sth）Bored无聊的，无趣的，常用来形容人，boring形容物bored用于形容人，一般用作表语。如I am bored.boring用于形容物，意思是令人厌烦的，乏味的。如it is a boring day!类似用法的词还有：interested对感兴趣，修饰人,interesting有趣的，修饰物；excited感到兴奋 的，激动的”一般修饰某人.exciting令人兴奋的，使人激动的”一般修饰某物,;surprised感到惊 讶的，一般修饰人,surprising令人惊讶的，一般修饰物。I am in terested in E

26、n glish.我对英语感兴趣。This book is very in teresti ng 这本书很有趣。Feel like感觉像，给人的感觉像是 ，摸起来像1. 后接名词Do you feel like a rest?你想休息一下吗?The material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。2. 后接代词 we ll go for a walk if you feel like it.你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。3. 后接动名词I feel like catchi ng a cold.我像是感冒了。4. 后接句子I feel like I want to cry.

27、我觉得我想哭。Wait,等待wait for ,等待，如 门I wait for you.我会等你的.cant wait,等不及，如 We cant wait to get started.我们迫不及待地想要开始了。Wait a minute, wait a moment.等一会儿； 稍等一下I wa nt to talk to you, but it can wait.我想和你谈谈，但可以等会儿再说。Because和 because of 因为because是连词，其后接原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。如(1) h

28、e is ill, he is abse nt today.(2) He is not at schoolhis ill ness.(3) He can t comethe heavy rain.(4) We like physicswe can lear n a lot of ideas.感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feet当系动词，后接形容词，形成系表结构。He looks angry.他看起来很生气。His expla nati on soundsreas on able.他的解释 听起来 合理。The cakessmell nice.这个蛋糕 闻起来很香。The dish