完整word高考英语阅读理解技巧训练事实细节题

1、XXXX教育学科教师辅导讲义 讲义编号 学员编号： 年 级： 高三 课时数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 学科组长/带头人签名及日期 学员家长签名及日期 题 课 重点词汇的用法、高考阅读理解技巧训练事实细节题 备课时间： 授课时间： 教学目标 重点词语的词义辨析 高考阅读理解-事实细节的技巧训练 重点、难点 重点词语的词义辨析 高考阅读理解-事实细节题的应试技巧 考点及考试要求事实理解题在阅读理解中占据相当的比例。而基础词汇的词义和词性变化也为完形填空和语法填空提供所需材料 教学内容 Part I: Checking and revision 1. 上次课知识回顾； 2.词汇记忆

2、检测 Part II: I . 词语辨析（旨在提供完型填空提供所需材料） 1. ignore / neglect / overlook 【解释】 ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。 neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。 overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 We could not afford to _ such a serious offence. 12). He utterly _ my warnings and met with an accident. 3). Dont _ paying h

3、im a visit now and then. 2. cheat / fool 【解释】 cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。 ，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。”愚弄“ fool II【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). You may get _ in that shop. 2). He cant _ her. She sees through him every time. 3. calm / quiet / silent / still 【解释】 calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。 quiet 表“宁静”、“

4、安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。 silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。 still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Please stand _ while I take your photo. 2). Why do you keep _? 3). Everything was _. 4). He remained _ in the face of the enemy. 4. join / join in / ta

5、ke part in / attend 【解释】 join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等 join in 表示参加游戏、活动等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事 take part in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等 attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Can I _ the game? 2). Did you _ the fighting? 3). He _ the army last year. 4). A lot of peo

6、ple _ her wedding. 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓 frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓 的frightening adj.令人恐惧的 2. nation n. 民族；国家； 国民national adj. 民族的；国家的 吃苦头; 受苦 3. suffer v. 苦难；痛苦 n. suffering 受难者; 受苦者sufferer n. 原文中可直接找到答案。的思考题有相当于部分是此类题）及语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。其它类

7、型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。弄清细节、准确获取信息，也是把握文章中心思想的前提。先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。考生可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。men machine. A bathing machine was used for

8、changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(a machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not w

9、ant to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. (nation) 2) We are talking about _ and international issues. (nation) 3） _ children were calling for their mothers. (frighten) 4） The child _to death by the violent thunderstorm. (fr

10、ighten) 5） It is even _ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten) 6） We _ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) 7) Theyre arthritis _. (suffer) 8) There is so much _ in this world. (suffer) （在说明文和叙述文 They hired a bathing 便士) to hire got into the bathing Part III. 阅读理解技巧突破之事实细节题 所谓细节

11、题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空。）抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好 1) When/Where did the story happen? 2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct? 3) Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? 4) Which is the rig

12、ht order of the events given in the passage? 5) All the statements are true except. 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它 细节专题一：排序题 此类试题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的事实进行排序。要求考生根据动作发生的例1：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dre

13、sses, and wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach(沙滩)in their bathing dresses. machine and an attendant(侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and （1996NMET） In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the rig

14、ht order for doing them? a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machine c. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machine e. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the water A. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c 细节专题二：计算题 计算题也

15、是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案了。 例2：Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelors degrees (学位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Scienc

16、es, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: degwaikato.ac.nz. Tuition Fees(学费) Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tuiwaikato.ac.nz. Accommodati

17、on(住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: accwaikato. ac.nz Health The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre i

18、s open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: healwaikato.ac.nz. Sports The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active.

19、The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷） You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B.

20、 $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000 细节专题三：图形题 在有图形试题的阅读理解中，有的图形出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图形中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 例3：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coas

21、t, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品种)of cattle that are raised on them and named after th

22、em. of ruler the but France, of part was which Normandy, of part considered were islands the history known earliest In Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control was unbroken until World War II, when the Germans held the is

23、lands for five years. Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs are more French than English.（2000年北京春季） Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands? Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands 细节专题四：其它类型 例4 ：

24、When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from C

25、atalina to the California coast. On that fourth of July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on, hour aft

26、er hour, while millions watched on national television. Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasnt much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had until then. With only a half mile to go, sh

27、e asked to be pulled out. What does “she never had”in the third paragraph mean? A. She had never been so desperate. B. She had never thought of giving it up. C. She had never seen such thick fog. D. She had never swum across the strait before. 练习： Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefuln

28、ess, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as honor help you create this life of good feelings. Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit f

29、rom the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a

30、 quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness? In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some pea

31、ce of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot lie trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediatel

32、y the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorabl

33、e actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once its started, its easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us

34、peace of mind, which is important for our happiness. 46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our A. self-respect B. financial rewards C. advertising ability D. friendly relationship 47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to

35、_. A. lying B. stealing C. cheating D. advertising 48. The phrase ringing the error to the clerks attention (in para. 5) means_. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged item 49. How will we feel

36、if we let the clerk know her mistake? A. Well be very excited. B. Well feel unfortunate. C. Well have a sense of honor. D. Well feel sorry for the clerk. 50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.* A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of Peacefulness C. Ways of Gaining Self

37、-respect D. Happiness through Honorable Actions C Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoys War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse. He is said to be “undersized. with“short legs and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the

38、accuracy of Tolstoys description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoys Napoleon could be any

39、man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his noseand that is the point. It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having

40、 reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesnt he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have g

41、ained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly. Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the

42、 Russiansface,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently.” To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why dont you say anything? said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one bu

43、t himself, Napoleon. Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own. 51. Tolstoys description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _. A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts D. not related to historical details 52. Napoleon was angry w

44、hen receiving the Russian representative because _. A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsars peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didnt have any more army to fight with53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representativ

45、e to do? A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration. 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _. A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined

46、 in destroying all of Europe D. crazy for power and respect 55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. A writer doesnt have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly a

47、ny freedom to show his feelings. Part IV. Homework Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tr

48、icky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challeng

49、e. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others h

50、old about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-ima