高级英语Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.

1、Lesson 14 Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R.,12/5/2020,II. B. Questions on Structure and Style:,1. Why does Churchill use his secretarys account of the day before the speech was given? Churchill quoted his secretarys account of the day before the speech to give a more detailed background for

2、 the speech. He used the secretarys account of the day to support his own account.,12/5/2020,2. Which part of the speech mainly demonstrates Churchills determination to fight the Germans? Paragraph 10 and Paragraph 11,12/5/2020,3. Do you think the speech is well organized?How are the paragraphs rela

3、ted to each other? Yes, the speech is well organized. There are clear logical relations between each part of the speech. The first part (Paras.8-9) tells about the what: crimes of the Nazi rgime in general and its invasion of Russia; the second part (Paras. 10-11) tells about reaction to the what, f

4、ocusing on the British governments policy and Churchills determination to destroy Hitler;,12/5/2020,the third part (Paras.12) explains why Britain should react that way and makes a convincing analysis of Hitlers ultimate motive in invading Russia; and the last part (Paras.13) is a natural conclusion

5、 and a call to action. The four parts together form a very sound and convincing reasoning process.,12/5/2020,4. In several places the speaker uses parallel structures. Point them out and explain their effect. 1) I see the Russian soldiers standing on the I see them guarding their homes I see the ten

6、 thousand villages I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky (para.8) 1)中的六个I see 构成排比，使德军和苏联的状况形成强烈反差，丘吉尔抓住人类的共同情感，拉近了与听众的距离， 也唤起了人们对苏联的同情。,12/5/2020,2) We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air(para.10) 2)中的三个排比句式气势恢宏，显示出丘吉尔打败纳粹的坚定决心 3）This is our

7、policy and that is our declaration.(para.10) 这里的排比强有力地表明了丘吉尔的立场。,12/5/2020,5. Why is alliteration used in the speech? Illustrate your point with examples. 头韵的使用使文章的节奏感更强，给人留下更深刻的印象。 Example：I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling

8、locusts. 此句中的dull, drilled 和 docile 都以辅音|d| 开头，押头韵，形象描绘出德国士兵那种呆头呆脑，惟命是从的状态,12/5/2020,6. What other figures of speech are used in the speech? How are Churchills oratorical skills demonstrated in this famous speech? 文章还运用了反复、对照、明喻和暗喻等多种修辞手法。正是这些修辞手法的运用，增强了文章的语势和节奏感，丘吉尔的口语技巧使得这个演讲具有说服性和感染力。,12/5/2020,7

9、. Comment on Churchills diction. Illustrate your point with examples. 从语言风格上来讲，文章使用了大量的正式词汇、文学词汇 及很多旧式词汇，如devoid of, threshold, immemorial. Soldiery. hearth and home等，与当时严肃的历史时刻相符合，使演讲既有逻辑性又有感染力。 从句法上讲，使用了大量的复合句，是文章符合当时演讲背景，更好突出了希特勒入侵苏联这一事件的严重性和发表这次演讲的严肃性。,12/5/2020,8. How does Churchill end his spe

10、ech? Is it a powerful ending? Churchill ends his speech with a conclusion and an urgent call for action. In the concluding paragraph, Churchill repeated “danger” three times, adding to the urgency of the current circumstances; then he repeated twice “cause” and “free”， the two things that people liv

11、ing in democratic countries cherish very much, to give a strong impression that they are at stake;,12/5/2020,then at last he comes naturally to the call for action, convincing people that by fighting Nazi Germany they are actually safeguarding their own cause and freedom. In this way, Churchill ends

12、 his speech powerfully, naturally and convincingly.,III. Paraphrase Explain the following sentences in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings: 1.I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. I think the Soviet Red Army men will be surrounded and captured in very large numbers.,2.Hitler was

13、 counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A. Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia , he would get in Britain and the U.S.A. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.,12/5/2020,3.Winant said the same would be true of the U.S.A. Winant sai

14、d the U.S.A. would follow the same policy. 4.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. If Hitler invaded Hell, a most hated place, I would still say a word in favour of the Devil in the House of Commons.,5.The Nazi regime is devoid of al

15、l theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. The Nazi regime does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. What it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the Aryan race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.,6.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky,

16、 still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. I see the Nazi air force, though still feeling upset and painful from the defeat in the aerial battle of England, is now happy because they can beat the Russian air force easily without h

17、eavy loss.,12/5/2020,7.We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources. We shall be strengthened and more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.,12/5/2020,8.Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power rema

18、in. Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.,12/5/2020,IV.B. Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words: There only remained the task of composing it.(preparing, writing down) 2.

19、The Germansseemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence.(very quickly and violently),12/5/2020,3. Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies (obtaining, getting) 4. he reverted to this theme(returned),5. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold

20、 of their native land(borders),12/5/2020,I see the Russian soldiersguarding the fields tilled from time immemorial (ancient time) 7. I see that small group of villainous men, who plan, organize(evil) I see sure it is a decision in which the Great Dominions will in due course concur(agree) 9. We will

21、 never parley(hold talks with our enemy) 10. he is woefully mistaken(sadly, deplorably),12/5/2020,IV. Practice with words and expressions Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words: 1.had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields (Para. 1

22、) surprise: to attack suddenly and without warning: to come upon suddenly or unexpectedly 2. they will be rounded up in hordes (Pare.1) round up: to find a group of people and capture them,3. Hitler was counting on enlisting (Para.4) count on: to trust sb. To do sth. or to be sure that sth. will hap

23、pen 4. devoid of all theme and principle expect appetite and racial domination.(Para.8) theme: a recurring, unifying subject or idea appetite: very strong desire,12/5/2020,12/5/2020,5. its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.(Para. 8) fresh: recently return

24、ed tie down: (obsolete) to reduce to bondage; to enslave 6. still smarting from many a British whipping (Para. 8) smart: to feel upset and painful,12/5/2020,7. or slackening of effort in the great democracies (Para. 11) democracies: countries that have democracy, here meaning Britain, the Commonweal

25、th countries, the United States 8. This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments (Para.12) Moralise to tell other people what is right and wrong,12/5/2020,9. to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurt it upon this island (Pare.12) Hurl

26、to throw sb./sth. violently in a certain direction 10. fighting for his hearth and home (Para.13) Hearth home and family life 11. and free peoples in every quarter of the globe (Para.13) Quarter a district or an area,IV.C. In the following sentences, the italicized words are used metaphorically. Exp

27、lain their meaning in non-figurative language: 1. “I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land” (Para.8) 1. standing on the borders of their countries,2. “I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find wh

28、at they believe is an easier and a safer prey.” (Para.8) 2. still feeling the pain of great losses in the aerial Battle of England they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss,12/5/2020,3. “Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who pl

29、an, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind.” (Para.9) 3. behind all this hostility and fighting let off this flood of suffering and disasters,12/5/2020,4. “He will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon thi Island” (Para.1

30、2) 4. launch a fierce attack on this Island with overwhelming forces,5. “His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.” (Para.12) 5. pave the way for his planned invasion of the British Isles 6. “and that then the scene will be clear for the final ac

31、t” (Para.12) 6. the stage will be ready for the final act,V. Translation A. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in the brackets: 1. 这对农村和城市都一样适用。(to be true of) 1. This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area. 2. 他指望他们给予支持。(to count on)

32、 2. He was counting on their support.,3. 我不记得他是怎么说的，但我肯定他讲话的大意是那样的。（to that effect） 3. I dont remember his exact words, but Im sure he did say something to that effect. 4. 客人们对受到的热情接待感到过意不去。（to overwhelm） 4. The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.,12/5/2020,5. 他们用出其不意的进攻打垮了敌人。（to overwhel

33、m） 5. They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack. 6. 他们的困难就是我们的困难，正如我们把他们的胜利看作是我们自己的胜利一样。（just as） 6. Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we regard their victory as our own victory. 7. 很明显，德国法西斯企图使那个地区的人民屈服于他们的统治。（to subjugate） 7. It is clear that German fascists were attempting to subju

34、gate the people in that region.,12/5/2020,V. Translation B. Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1.“I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of C

35、ommons.”(Para.5) 我只有一个目标，那就是消灭希特勒。我的生活目标也因此大为简化。假使希特勒入侵地狱，我也会在下议院至少替魔鬼说一句好话。,2. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.(Para.8) 在残酷的有效性和疯狂侵略的凶猛性上，它超过了人类以往任何形式的邪恶。 3. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is w

36、rung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.(Para. 8) 我看见俄国上万个村庄，尽管那儿的人们要靠在土地上辛勤劳作才能勉强维持生计，那儿依然有原始的快乐，有少女的欢笑和儿童的嬉闹。,12/5/2020,12/5/2020,4. if Hitler images that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the Slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.(Para.11) 如果希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家目标稍有偏离或斗志略有松懈的话，那他就大错特错了。,12/5/2020,5. He hopes