2019中考英语总练习学案--情态动词小结及练习题(解析)

1、2019中考英语总练习学案-情态动词小结及练习题（解析）注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！一情态动词概说1、情态动词也是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。2、情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。如：她会唱英文歌曲。ShecanssinganEnglishsong.FShecansingsanEnglishsong.FShecansinganEnglishsong.T3、有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相

2、同，有些与原形不同。(1)与原形相同的有：must-mustoughtto-oughtto(2)与原形不同的有：can-couldwill-wouldmay-mightshall-shouldneed-neededdare-daredhaveto-hadto4、大多数的情态动词后面可以用动词不定式多不带to的进行时、完成时或被动形式，如：may,can,must等。二情态动词的种类：见下表原形过去式词义cancould能maymight可以或许mustmust(hadto)必须不得不willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于三情态动词的否定形

3、式：cannot-cantcouldnot-couldntmaynot-mayntmightnot-mightntmustnot-mustntwillnot-wontwouldnot-wouldntneednot-needntshallnot-shantshouldnot-shouldntoughtnot-oughtntdarenot-darent四常用情态动词的用法：1、can与could1、can1表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。Hecandrive.Canyoujumpasfarashedid?IcantcatchupwithJim.can与beab

4、leto二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can只有现在时和过去式，而beableto可用于各种时态。如：IllbeabletospeakFrenchinhalfayear.Hehasntbeenabletofinishitontime.2表示允许：Youcangonow.CanIuseyourbike?3表示推测：Whocanitbe?Itcantbetrue.can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。2、could1can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。Hecouldntclimbupthemountain.Thenewscouldbetrue.2表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。Cou

5、ldyougoskatingwithmetomorrow?ImafraidIcouldntgiveyouananswertonight.3表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度Howcouldhesaythat?HecouldntbeinBeijing.2、may与might1、may1表示请求、许可、可以MayIuseyourdictionary?Yes,please/certainly.MayIcomein?2表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。Itmayrainthisafternoon.ImayleaveforHangzhounextweek.3may用于感叹句中可以表示祝

6、愿或愿望。Mayyoudowell!Mayyouhaveagoodtime!2)、might1用作may的过去式。Wedidntknowthathemightbeournewteacher.Theaccidentmighthappenthedaybeforeyesterday.2替代may来表示现在时间的动作，主要于推测但其可能性比may更低。Imafraiditmightsnowtomorrow.Youmightmeethimattheconference.Themoviemighthavefinishednow.3委婉地表示请求不是过去式。MightIaskyouaquestion?Mig

7、htyougotherewithme?3、must1、表示义务，命令或必要。Soldiersmustobeyorders.Wemustbestrictwithourselves.2、表示肯定的推测：一定Hemustbeathome.对现在的猜测Ithinkyoumusthavemadeamistake.对过去的猜测Hemustbeournewteacher.Hecantbeournewteacher.3此外还要弄清楚must与haveto的区别4、will与would1、will1表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。Hewontcometoseeyou.他不愿来见你。表示意愿Iwilltrym

8、ybesttocatchupwithher.我将尽最大努力赶上她。表示决心2表示请求，此时仅限于“willyou(please)？”句型中，仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。WillyoupleasebuymeanEnglish-Chinesedictionarywhenyougotothebookstore?Willyouhavesomerice?2、would1will的过去式，表示过去的意愿和决心。Hesaidhewoulddoeverythingforher,butshesaidshewouldneverseehimagain.Theybelievedthatwewouldhelpthem.2

9、用于现在时，表示委婉地提出请求，建议或看法。此时would的用法比will更加委婉。Wouldyoupleaseshowmethewaytothemuseum?Iwouldliketosaysomethingaboutit.will和would用于“劝某人接受”时，只能用some，不能用any。如：Wouldyoulikesomefish?吃点鱼好吗？5、shall与should1、shall征求对方意见或请求，用于第【一】三人称。表示“要不要？”、“好吗？”ShallIopenthewindow?Shallthedoctorcome?2、should1should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建

10、议=oughttoYoushouldwashyourhandsbeforedinner.Weshouldhelpeachother.2用来表示可能性或猜测。Heshouldbeintheofficenow.Ishouldberight.3should有时能表示说话人的情感等。Itsfunnythattheyshouldbeconfident.表示轻视WhyshouldIdothatforyou?表示不满4should后接动词不定式不加to时，假设用于肯定句，表示某件事本应该完成却未完成；假设用于否定句，那么表示某事不该发生却发生了。Youshouldhavetoldusthetruth.应该告

11、诉却没有Heshouldhaveknowntheimportanceofit.应该知道却不知道Weshouldnthaveleftsoearly.不应该早出来，可已经做了6、need1need意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和关系问句中。Youneedntcomesoearly.NeedItakepartintheParty?2)need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用neednt。Needhecome?Yes,hemust.No,heneednt.3)need后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样。如：Weneedthre

12、eapples.Hedoesntneedsomanybooks.7.oughtought只有一种形式，后面常与to连用，意思是“应该”。Yououghttovisitusoften.Sorry,Ioughttoleavenow.在表示“应该”时，oughtto的语气比should要强，比must稍弱。8.dare1)dare意思是“敢”，用于肯定结构中时，后接加to的动词不定式。Theboydaredtoclimbupthetree.Sheshoulddaretoquestionherteacher.2dare用于否定句或疑问句中时，与大多数的情态动词一样，后接不带to的动词不定式。Dontd

13、aredothatagain!Thepoorgirldarenotgohome.9、hadbetterYouhadbetterseeadoctor.Youhadbetternotleavenow.HadIbetterwaitforher?练习检测1.Nobody_doit.Letme_.A.can,tryB.cant,totryC.can,totryD.cant,trying2.“_youlike_bananastoeat?”“Yes,please.”A.Would,someB.Will,anyC.Could,anyD.Can,some3.“Canyouanswerthisquestionin

14、English?”“Sorry,I_.”A.needntB.maynotC.cantD.mustnt4.“_Iborrowyourdictionary?”“Certainly,hereyouare.”A.MustB.MayC.NeedD.Shall5.I_seethewordsontheblackboard._youwriteabitclearly?A.mustnt,CanB.dont,willC.cant,CanD.neednt,Could6.Itsasunnydaytoday.You_takearaincoatwithyou.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.can7.Ive

15、lookedformypeneverywhere,butI_findit.A.couldntB.cantC.mustntD.didnt8.“_IspeaktoAnn?”“Speaking.”A.MustB.MayC.NeedD.Shall9.Shallwegotothezootomorrow?_.A.Yes,weshallB.Yes,youshallC.Yes,youwillD.Allright10.Mr.John,wemusthandinourhomeworktoday,_?No,you_.Butyoumustbringittoschooltomorrow.A.needntwe；mustnt

16、B.mustntwe；needntC.mustntyou；mustntD.needntwe；neednt11._Itakethenewspaperaway?No,youmustnt.You_readitonlyhere.A.Must;canB.May;canC.Need;mustD.Must;must12.-MustIstayathomeandtakecareofher?-No,you_.A.mustntB.wontC.cantD.neednt13.-CanyoumendaTVset?-No,I_.A.mustntB.cantC.maynotD.neednt14.-Whoseguitarist

17、his？-_.A.ItmustAlis.B.ItmightbelongtoAlis.C.ItmustAliD.ItmightbelongtoAli.need,neednt,can,cant,shall,shouldntmay,must,mustnt,haveto,would15.I_showhimtheway,_I?16.CanyouanswerthisquestioninFrench?No,I_.17.MayIkeepthebookforthreeweeks?No,you_.18.Nobody_livewithoutairorwater.19.You_notworry.Everythingwillbeallright.20._Ihavesomechocolatesnow?No,youmustnt.21.Children_beleftalone.22.I_finishmyhomeworkbeforeIgotobed.23._wegooutforawalk?Thatsagoodidea.24._youlikesomefish?答案解析:1.A2.A3.C4.B5.C6.C7.B8.B9.D10.由must构成的疑问句，肯定回答：Yes,youmust.否定回答：No,youneednt。此题既是反意疑问句，又要做否定回答应选B。11.表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方提