人教版英语九年级上unit 6 When was it invented课文解析

1、教师学生 时间和时段 2016年 月 日（ ： ： ）学科英语年级九年级上 教材名称 人教版授课题目unit6 when was it invented?课 次第（ ）次课【短语归纳】1. the style of 的样式 17. all of a sudden 突然；猛地2. such a great invention 如此了不起的一项发明18. by mistake 错误地；无意中3. be used for 被用于. 19. in the end 最后4. by accident 偶然；意外地 20.a cook called george crum 一个名叫乔治卡拉姆的厨师5. th

2、ink of/ about 想/考虑 21. more than 多于；超过6. fall into 落入/陷入 22. the olympics 奥林匹克运动会7. in our daily life 在我们的日常生活中23. divideinto 把分成8. some time 一段时间 24. at the same time 同时9. the saint of tea 茶圣 25. stopfrom doing阻止做10. less than 少于；不到 26. dream of/ about 梦想；向往11. take place 发生；出现 27. not onlybut also

3、不但.而且12. in the 19th century 在十九世纪 28. the number of 的数量13. the popularity of 的普及 29. more and more 越来越.14. without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 30. look up to 钦佩；仰慕15. at a low price 以低价 31. achieve ones dreams 实现某人的梦想16. translate. into. 把.翻译成 32. take notes 记笔记 33.lead to 导致【用法集萃】1. it is said that据说 2.it is be

4、lieved that人们认为.3. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事4. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 5. need to do sth.需要做某事6.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事7. be used to do sth. 被用于做某事section al. i think the tv was invented before the car. 我认为电视是在小汽车之前被发明的 。1) was invented意为“被发明”,此结构为一般过去时的被动语态 。 一般过去时的被动语态的构成为“

5、was/were+及物动同的过去分词” 。the house was built in1967.这所房子是在1967年被建的。these trees were planted last year.这些树是去年被种植的。2) invent及物动同,意为“发明”,指发明以前从未存在过的东西 。一do you know who invented the light bulb?你知道是谁发明了电灯泡吗?-edison. 爱迪生 。2.shoes with special heels 有特殊鞋跟的鞋子with介词,意为“有;带有;具有”,表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 介词短语with special h

6、eels作 shoes的后置定语。a coat with four pockets有4个口袋的外套 a book with a blue cover一本蓝色封面的书【拓展】 with作介词,用法很多,常见的还有:意为“和一起”,表示伴随 。i like to talk freely with my friends.我喜欢和朋友们一起自由交谈。意为“用”，表示使用某种工具、手段等。 cut it with a knife.用刀把它切开。 意为“关于.，对于.，对.来说”，表币关系等。 are you pleased with the result? 你对这个结果满意吗？3. the style

7、of the shoes 鞋的样式 style名词，意为“样式;款式”。the style of意为“的样式/风格”。 the style of the skirt is just in season.这条裙子的款式正当时令。i wouldnt tell lies to you. thats not my style.我不会跟你撒谎，那不是我的风格。 【拓展】常用短语：in style意为“流行的；时髦的”;out of style意为“过时的”;a life style 意为“生活方式”。4.一can you help me think of an invention?你能帮我想个发明吗？

8、一my pleasure! 乐意效劳！can you?意为“你能吗?”，此句型表示客气地邀请某人做某事,can可以用 could替换。区别在于：用could比用can语气更委婉，显得更有礼貌，而can则较口化。can是情态动词，意为“能,可以”，其后接动词原形。can you？的肯定回答一般为 sure，id love/like to. /with pleasure.等。否定回答中常用 sorry.代替 no.以示礼貌，即“sorry，i cant.”或“im sorry，but. -can/could you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去购物好吗？ sure，id

9、love to. /sorry，i cant. i have to do my homework. 当然，我很乐意。/抱歉，我不能去，我得做作业。【拓展】向别人发出邀请、请求、建议或征求某人的意见，还有几种表达方法，大多数语气比较委婉，显得客气而有礼貌1)would you like ?你想要/愿意.吗？like 后可接名词、代词或动词不定式，用来提出建议或者发出邀请。would you like some orange? 你想要些橘子汁吗？would you like to play basketball? 你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗？2) would/could you please. .

10、. ?“请你好吗?”please后接动词原形。其中 would和could不是过去式,而是表示语气更加委婉 。 此句用来提出建议、请求或发出邀请。would/could you please help me sweep the f1oor? 请你帮我打扫地板好吗?3) sha11 we?“我们好吗?”sha11是情态动词,其后接动词原形。 此句式用来征求对方的意见。sha11 we have a picnic together ? 我们一起野餐好吗?4) lets. . .意为“让我们吧”,let后接动词原形作宾语补足语。 本句式用来提出建议或征求对方的意见。lets go to the mo

11、untains and camp there.我们到山上去并在那儿露营吧。5) why not. . . ?或 why dont you. . . ?“(你)为什么不呢?”其后接动词原形。本句用来提出建议。why not go there? 为什么不去那里呢?6) how/what about? “怎么样?”about为介词,其后接名词、代词或动词一ing形式。本句用来提出建议或征求对方的意见。how/what about taking the subway? 乘地铁怎么样?pleasure名词,意为“愉快;高兴”。it gives me much pleasure to be with yo

12、u.和你在一起我感到十分高兴reading gives me great pleasure.读书带给我很大的乐趣。.辨析:pleasure, pleased, please 与 pleasantpleasure名词表示 高兴，愉快，多用于口语：with pleasurepleased形容词一般作表语偶尔也作定语高兴地，喜欢的句子的主语是人please动词及物动词表示“使高兴、满意、愉快”等不及物动词表示“高兴、愉快”等pleasant形容词作定语令人高兴的，令人愉快的修饰事物，不能修饰人作表语使人感到高兴愉快的句子主语是表示事物的词语，它侧重客观地，总体地描述事物it is a pleasur

13、e to talk with her.和她谈话是一种乐趣。we are very pleased with our new house.我们对我们的新房很满意 。 the good news pleased the farnily. 这个好消息使全家人很高兴 。i hope you have a pleasant trip.我希望你旅途愉快。5. is it really such a great invention?它真的是这么伟大的一项发明吗? such形容词,意为“这样的,如此的”,常用在句中作定语,其结构为“ such ( a/an) + adj +n.”。如:theres no su

14、ch thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐这类的好事儿。why do you buy such expensive c1othes? 你为什么买这么贵的衣服?辨析：such与so such形容词后接名词或名词短语1) such （a/an）+adj. + n.2) some /any /no+such +n. i have never seen such a beautiful place before.我以前从未见过如此美丽的地方。im sorry that i have no such books.对不起我没有这样的书。so副词后接形容词或副词1)so+ adj

15、. /adv.或so + adj.+ a/an +n2)so many/much/few/little +n.my father bought me so lovely a dog.我爸爸给我买了一只如此可爱的狗。he has so many books in his room.他的房间里有如此多的书。6. think about how often its used in our daily lives. 想想在我们的日常生活中它多久被用一次。daily 形容词，意为 每日的，日常的，用作lives的定语。 what is your daily work?你的日常工作是什么？【拓展】1）da

16、ily 还可作名词，意为 日报peoples daily 人民日报 china daily 中国日报3) 与 daily结构相似的词有：weekly每周的 monthly 每月的 yearly 每年的7. the pioneers of different inventions were listed there.那里列举了不同发明的创始者。1)pioneer可数名词，意为先锋；先驱he is a pioneer in modern medical science.他是现代医学的先驱。2）list 此处用作及物动词，意为列表，列清单please list all the things you

17、want to buy.请把你想买的东西列个清单。【拓展】list做可数名词，意为名单；清单；短语make a list 意为列清单。you can make a list of things to do.你可以把要做的事情列个清单。8. for example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by whitcomb judson inl893.例如,它提到拉链是由惠特科姆貢德森在l893年发明的。mention及物动词,意为“提到;说到”,其后可接名词、代词、动词一in9 形式或 that从句作宾语。he didnt mention hi

18、s illness in the letter.在信中他没有提到他的疾病。nobody mentioned going out to help him.没有人提到要出去帮助他。 【拓展】dont mention it意为“不客气;不用谢”常用作对他人致谢时的答语。-thanks a lot.多谢。 -dont mention it.不客气。9.did you know that tea, the most popularity drink in the world（after water）, was invented by accident?你知道茶这种世界上最受欢迎的饮料（仅次于水），是偶然

19、被发明的吗？by accident 意为偶然地，意外地。同义词组为 by chance；反义词组为 on purposei met her by accident in a crowded bus. 我意外地在拥挤的公交车上遇见了她。our meeting in paris was by accident.我们在巴黎的见面是个巧合。10.many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago.许多人认为在近5000年前茶首次被饮用。they sat so c1ose that their heads nearly

20、touched.他们坐得这么近,头都差不多碰到一起了 。he plays golf nearly every weekend.他几乎每个周末都打高尔夫球。辨析:nearly与 almostnearly与 almost都是副词,意为“几乎;差不多”。在单纯表示“时间、程度、进度”时,nearly= almost 。the building is nearly/almost completed.大接差不多完工了the river is nearly100 meters wide.nearly常用于具体数字前;可与 not连用,构成“not这条河有近百米宽。nearly”,意为“远非”;可与 a11

21、, every等词连用nearly al1 of them live in england.他们几乎全部都住在英格兰。 相当于 very nearly,可与 no, nothing, none,almost no one believed him,almostnever等词连用,但通常不与 not连用,不能说几乎没有人相信他。not almost或 almost not,表示“几乎不”用this is almost more than we feared.hardly;在 more than, too前用 almost这简直远远超过我们所害怕的情况 。、.11. it is said that

22、 a chinese ruler called shen nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说一个名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶这种饮料的(人)。 1)it is said that .意为据说.，有人说.it is said that wisdom is born with a man. 有人说智慧是与生俱来的it is said that there are wolves in this forest.据说这片森林里有狼2)call动词,意为“把叫做,称呼,为取名” ca11ed为过去分词,作后置定语,修饰 a chinese

23、 ruler,相当于called。过去分词作定语,则动词和所修饰的名同之问存在逻辑上的动宾关系。i know the gir1 ca1led lisa.我认识那个叫前萨的女孩。12. some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.一些叶子从茶树上落入这水里并在里面停留了一段时间。1) fall into 意为落入，陷入he fe1l into the river suddenly.他突然掉进河里了。we played a trick on him and he fell rig

24、ht into it.我们给他设了个圈套，他就中计了。【拓展】与 fal1相关的短语: fa1l behind落后 fall down 摔倒 fall off掉下 fall asleep入睡2) remain不及物动词,意为“剩下,停留;逗留”.a few pears remain on the trees.树上还留有几个梨。she remained in her office all afternoon.她整个下午都待在办公室里。【拓展】remain用作连系动词时，意为“保持;仍是”,后接形容词、名词、分词或介词短语作表语。the room remains cool all summer.这

25、个房间整个夏天都保持凉爽。she remained sitting when they came in. 他们进来时,她仍然坐着。3) some time意为“一段时间”。i will stay here for some time.我要在这儿待一段时间。 辨析:some time, sometimes, some times与sometime some time名词短语一段时间表示“一段时间”时,常常与延续性动词连用,对它提问用how1ong sometimes频度副词有时表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,它可位于句首、句中或句末some times名词短语几次;几倍其中 time

26、是可数名词,对它提问用 how many times sometime副词 某时表示某个不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时对它提问用 when i need some time to do my homework.我需要一段时间来做作业。she comes to visit us sometimes.她有时来看望我们 。lucy has been to beijing some times.露西去过北京几次了 。jack will leave for america sometime next week.杰克将在下周来个时间动身去美国 。13.this helped to spread

27、 the popularity of the tea and the tea plant to more places around the world.这帮助到了茶以及茶树普及到世界各地更多的地方。popularity名词,意为“受欢迎;晋及,常用短语: the popularity of意为”的普及”。 popularity的形容词形式为popular,意为“受欢迎的,流行的”。the popularity of the internet has risen. 因特网的普及程度已经上升了 。14.even though many people now know about tea cult

28、ure, the chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.尽管现在很多人了解茶文化,但是毫无疑问中国人才是最懂茶的本质的人。 doubt此处用作名词,意为“疑惑;疑问”。 常用短语: without doubt意为“毫无疑问;的确”;no doubt意为“无疑;确实地”。 a sudden doubt came to my mind.我脑海中突然起了疑虑。 he is without doubt the cleverest student i have ever taught. 他确实是我

29、曾教过的最聪明的学生 。【拓展】 doubt还可用作动词意为“怀疑” 。 后可接名词、代词、 if/whether/that从句等作宾语。he doubted jim, since he was ever dishonest. 他怀疑吉姆,因为他曾经不诚实过。15.they sold the fridge at a low price.他们以低价出售了冰箱。1) at a low price 意为以低价，价格有高低，price价格只能用 high low修饰。i bought this watch at alow price.我以低价买了这块手表。what do five books cost

30、 at two dollars a book? 两美元一本的书,5本价钱是多少?2)low 还有矮的，以及不高兴的含义she is still feeling pretty low about failing that exam.她仍因那次考试不及格而情绪低落。section b1.salty 咸的salty形容词，意为咸的，含盐的,是由名词 salt“盐,食盐”加-y构成的形容词 。he didnt have much for dinner because the dishes were too salty.他晚餐吃得不多,因为菜太咸了。名词+-y构成形容词：在英语中，很多名词后加-y以构成

31、形容词,如: c1oud-cloudy, wind-windy, rain-rainy, sleep-sleepy等 。2.sour酸的sour形容词,意为“酸的;有酸味的”this orange is very sour.这个橙子很酸。3. potato chips were invented by mistake.炸薯片是无意中被发明的。by mistake介词短语,意为“无意中错误地”在句中作状语 。i took your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔。she got on the wrong bus by mistake.她无意中坐错了公共汽车 。4.the cust

32、omer was happy in the end.最后顾客高兴了。in the end意为“最后;最终”,其后不接 of 短语,相当于 at last,fina11y 此短语强调经过许多变化莫测的情况之后某事才发生。they were out of danger in the end.他们最后脱险了 。he did one experiment after another and in the end he succeeded.他做了一个又一个实验,最后成功了 。【拓展】 at the end of后接地点名词时,表示“在尽头”;后接表示时间的名词时,表示“在结束时” 。walk along

33、 the street and youll find the hospital at the end of the street.沿着这条街走,在街道的尽头你就会找到那家医院 。well have an english test at the end of this week.在这个周末我们要举行一次英语测试。by the end of意为“在以前,到为止” 常用于将来时态或过去完成时态的句子中。 we will finished the work by the end of this year.我们在今年年底之前就会完成这项工作5.basketba11 was invented by a c

34、anadian doctor named james naismith, who was born in 1861. 篮球是加拿大的一位名叫詹姆斯奈史斯密的医生发明的，他出生于1861年。 (1 )canadian形容词,意为“加拿大的;加拿大人的”.her sister is a canadian teacher.她的姐姐是一位加拿大教师【拓展】 canadian用作可数名词,意为“加拿大人”其复数形式为 canadianstwo canadians are taking photos in the park.两名加拿大人正在公园里拍照(2)who was born in1861是-个非限制

35、性定语从句,非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,省去后不影响主句的意思,并且常用逗号与主句分开,翻译时常译成并列的分句。our classroom is cleaned by tom every day,who is always the first one to get to school.每天我们的教室都由汤姆打扫,他总是第一个到达学校。6. dr. naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor.奈史密斯医生创造了一种在室内的硬地板上进行的运动。to be played是不定式 to play的被动形式; to be p

36、layed作后置定语,修饰 game,其中game是 play动作的承受者,二者是被动关系。he wanted the letter to be typed at once.他想要这封信立刻被打印出来。7.dr. naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯医生把他的班里的男生分成两队，并教他们玩他的新运动。1）divideinto意为 把分成其被动结构为 be divided into,意为 被分为lets divide ourselves into

37、 several groups.让我们分成几个小组吧。the students in our class are divided into eight groups.我们班的学生被分成了八个小组。2)divide及物动词，意为分开分割，指把整体分为若干部分he divided the cake among the children.他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。3）teach sb. to do sth.意为教某人做某事my father taught me to swim. 我的父亲教我游泳。【拓展】teach的常用短语还有teach sb. sth.教某人某事 teach oneself 自学

38、she taught us english at school.在学校她教我们英语。 i taught myself english.我自学英语。8. at the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时他们需要阻止对方把球投到自己的篮筐里。1)at the same time意为“同时”,其中 same为形容词,意为“相同的”,使用时前一般要加定冠词 the。we both got to school at the same time this

39、 morning.今天上午我们俩同时到校。bob and tony are in the same class.鲍勃和托尼在相同的班级。(2) stop from doing意为“阻止做”。 在主动语态中 from可以省略,但在被动语态中不能省略。the workers had to work for hours to stop the ship from going down.工人们不得不工作数小时来阻止船下沉 。9.today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people d

40、reaming of becoming famous players.如今,随着许多年轻人梦想着成为著名的运动员,篮球运动已经在世界范围内普及开来。 dream of/about意为“梦想;向往” 。the boy dreams of/about becoming a scientist.那个男孩梦想成为一名科学家。10.the number of foreign players, including chinese players, in the nba has increased.nba的外国运动员包括中国运动员的数量已经增加了 。including介词,意为“包含,包括”,须置于它所说明

41、的名词或代词之前 。they have many pets, including three cats.他们有很多宠物,包括三只猫。we all went to shanghai,including my younger brother.我们都去了上海,包括我弟弟。11. many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人钦佩这些篮球英雄，并且想成为像他们一样的人。1) look up to 意为钦佩，仰慕。其中to为介词，后可接名词或代词作宾语。they look up

42、 to him for his knowledge. 他们因为他的学时而钦佩他。look up to还可意为 仰起头看the girl is so short that she has to look up to her elder sister. 这个女孩个子太矮，只好仰着头看她的姐姐。12. these stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些明星激励着年轻人为实现他们的梦想而努力学习。1) encourage sb. to do sth.意为 鼓励某人做某事。the teacher often

43、 encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。2）encourage sb. in sth. 意为 在方面助长某人的某种行为/鼓励某人。dont encourage him in laziness.别助长他的懒惰行为。4) encouragement 名词，意为鼓舞，鼓励。5) achieve此处作及物动词，意为实现到达辨析 achieve与 come trueachieve意为实现，主语通常是人she achieved her e true意为实现，主语通常是梦想等her dream came ture.一般过去时的被动语态【经典例

44、句】1. when was the telephone invented?电话是什么时候被发明的？i think it was invented in1876.我认为它是在1876年被发明的。2. who was it invented by?它是由谁发明的？it was invented by whitcomb judson. 它是由惠特科姆贾德森发明的。以上句子都是关于一般过去式的被动语态的句子。动词的时态体现在助动词be 上。【语法全解】1.一般过去时的被动语态1)一般过去时的被动语态的构成: was/were+ 及物动词的过去分词the desk was made by my fath

45、er.这张桌子是由我父亲做的。they were invented by julie thompson. 它们是由朱莉汤普森发明的。2)句式变化：肯定句：主语+was/were +及物动词的过去分词+其他. 否定句：主语+wasnt/werent +及物动词的过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 回答:yes,王语十was/were. no,王语十wasnt./werent.3. 各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例）一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are+ givenam/is/are+ being givenhave/has+

46、been given过去was/were+ given+ being givenhad+ been given将来shall/will+ be givenshall/will+ have been given过去将来should/would+ be givenshould/would + have been given含有情态动词can/should/must/could/may be given3.被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。 such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。we havent b

47、een told about it.没有人通知我们这件事2）强调动作的承受者（这是可带由by引起的短语）this book was written by mo yan. 这本书是由莫言写的。man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。 6) 出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。he was asked to give a talk about how to learn english well.她被要求做关于如何学好英语的报告。【被动语态的用法】谁的动作不知道,说

48、出谁做没必要;承受之人需强调,被动语态莫忘了 。the car was stolen yesterday.那辆汽车昨天被盗了 。footba11 is played in most middle schools.在大多数中学里都踢足球。4.被动语态的注意事项: 1)“主语十连系动词十表语”的句子没有被动语态。. .2)there be结构没有被动语态。 .3)主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。 4)句子是主谓结构时,没有被动语态。也就是说,不及物动词没有被动语态。 5)有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语,如果变被动语态,不能把动词后的分词丢掉。 he1ooks after his you

49、nger sister.his younger sister is looked after by him.6)在主动语态中，在make, hear, see, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to不可省略。we saw a stranger enter the ha11.a stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。单选1the young man was often seen _ by the riverato drawbto drawing cdrawddrew2the mob

50、ile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _ainventsbinventedcis inventeddwas invented3-its said that _ people died from car accidents in 2011-how terrible!a10 thousandsbthousand ofc10 thousands ofdthousands of4when is the sports meeting _ every year？it _at the beginning of the new termata

51、ken place；is heldbheld；takes placectaken place；holdsdheld；is taken place5about seventy percent of our earth _ by waterais coveringbis coveredcare covereddare covering6the model plane is made _ used wood and glass.afrombincofdby7oh，this is really a big shopdo you know when it_？awas builtbbuiltchas builtdhas been built8take the paper with youthe details we ought to pay attention to _ on it alreadyawritingbbeing writtencare writtendhave written9a new zoo _ in that area next yearabuiltbwas builtcbuildsdwill be built10she put back the book she had ta