传感器 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 分布是温度传感器

DISTRIBUTEDTEMPERATURESENSORINTHEHUMANLIVINGENVIRONMENT,TEMPERATUREPLAYINGANEXTREMELYIMPORTANTROLE。NOMATTERWHEREYOULIVE,ENGAGEDINANYWORK,EVERPRESENTDEALTWITHTEMPERATUREUNDERSINCETHE18THCENTURY,INDUSTRYSINCETHEINDUSTRIALREVOLUTIONTOWHETHERCANMASTERSENDEXHIBITIONHASTHEABSOLUTETEMPERATURETOUCHINMETALLURGY,STEEL,PETROCHEMICAL,CEMENT,GLASS,MEDICINEINDUSTRYANDSOON,CANSAYALMOSTEIGHTYPERCENTOFINDUSTRIALDEPARTMENTSHAVETOCONSIDERTHEFACTORSWITHTEMPERATURETEMPERATUREFORINDUSTRIALSOIMPORTANT,THUSPROMOTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHETEMPERATURESENSORMAJORGENERALTHROUGHTHREESENSORDEVELOPMENTPHASEANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURESENSORTHESENSORISTAKENWITHSILICONSEMICONDUCTORINTEGRATEDWORKMANSHIP,THEREFOREALSOCALLEDSILICONSENSORORMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURESENSORSUCHSENSINGINSTRUMENTSHAVESINGLEFUNCTIONONLYMEASURINGTEMPERATURE,TEMPERATUREMEASUREMENTERRORISSMALLER,PRICELOW,FASTRESPONSE,THETRANSMISSIONDISTANCE,SMALLVOLUME,MICROCONSUMPTIONELECTRONICETC,SUITABLEFORLONGDISTANCEMEASUREMENTTEMPERATURE,TEMPERATURECONTROL,DONOTNEEDTOUNDERTAKENONLINEARCALIBRATION,PERIPHERALCIRCUITISSIMPLEITISCURRENTLYTHEMOSTCOMMONAPPLICATIONATHOMEANDABROAD,ANINTEGRATEDSENSOR。TYPICALPRODUCTSHAVEAD590AD592,TMP17,LM135,ETCJANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERMAINLYINCLUDETEMPERATURECONTROLSWITCH,PROGRAMMABLETEMPERATURECONTROLLER,ATYPICALPRODUCTHAVELM56,AD22105ANDMAX6509SOMEINCREASESTRENGTHTYPEINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURECONTROLLERFOREXAMPLETC652/653ALSOCONTAINSTHEA/DCONVERTERANDCUREGOODSEQUENCE,THISPROCESSWITHTHEINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORSOMESIMILARITIESBUTITISNOTITSSYSTEM,WORKBYMICROPROCESSINGDEVICECONTROL,THISISTHEMAINDIFFERENCEBETWEENINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORALSOCALLEDDIGITALTEMPERATUREDEGREESSENSORISINTHEMID1990SLAUNCHITISMICROELECTRONICSTECHNOLOGY,COMPUTERTECHNOLOGYANDTHEDYNAMICTESTINGTECHNOLOGYATECRYSTALLIZATIONINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORINTERNALCONTAINTEMPERATURESENSOR,A/DCONVERTER,SIGNALPROCESSOR,MEMORYORREGISTERSANDINTERFACECIRCUITSOMEPRODUCTSSTILLTAKEMULTIPLEXER,CENTRALCONTROLSYSTEMDEVICECPU,RANDOMACCESSMEMORYRAMANDREADONLYMEMORYROMINTELLIGENTTEMPERATURESENSORISCHARACTERISTICOFTEMPERATUREDATAANDRELEVANTCANOUTPUTTHETEMPERATURECONTROLOFTHEQUANTITY,ADAPTATIONVARIOUSMICROCONTROLLERMCUTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFTHETEMPERATURESENSORINTHE21STCENTURY,THETEMPERATURESENSORISHEADEDINHIGHPRECISION,MULTIFUNCTION,BUS,STANDARDIZATION,HIGHRELIABILITYANDSAFETY,DEVELOPMENTOFVIRTUALSENSORANDNETWORKSENSOR,RESEARCHMONOLITHICTEMPERATUREMEASURINGSYSTEMANDOTHERHIGHTECHDIRECTIONDEVELOPRAPIDLYSENSORSINTHEAPPLICATIONTEMPERATURECONTROLLINGSYSTEMCURRENTMARKETEXISTSMAINLYSINGLEPOINTANDMORETWOTEMPERATUREMEASUREMENTFORSINGLEPOINTTEMPERATUREFOUNDMENTINSTRUMENT,MAINLYADOPTSTHETRADITIONALANALOGINTEGRATEDTEMPERATURESENSOR,WHICHHEATRESISTANCE,THERMOCOUPLESENSORSMEASURINGACCURACY,HIGHMEASUREMENTRANGE,ANDGOTTHEGENERALAPPLICATIONTHISPRODUCTISTEMPERATUREMEASURINGRANGE200MOSTLYBETWEEN800,RESOLUTION12TH,ANDLEASTDISTINGUISHABLETEMPERATUREIN0001001BETWEENCABINLEDDISPLAYMODULE,SHOWSRANGINGFROM4TO16SOMEINSTRUMENTSALSOHASMEMORYFUNCTION,CANSTORESEVERALHUNDREDTOAFEWTHOUSANDSETSOFDATATHISINSTRUMENTCANBEVERYGOODMEETASINGLEUSERSINGLEPOINTMEASUREMENTNEEDSMORETEMPERATUREMEASUREMENT,RELATIVEANDSINGLEPOINTMEASUREMENTPRECISIONHASCERTAINGAP,ALTHOUGHREALIZEDTHEMULTICHANNELTEMPERATUREMEASUREMENTANDCONTROL,BUTTHEPRICEISEXPENSIVEINVIEWOFTHEPRESENTMARKETSITUATION,PROPOSEDTHISTOPICCANSATISFYREQUIREMENTS,SCALABLEANDCOSTEFFECTIVESINGLECHIPMULTICHANNELTEMPERATUREMEASURINGSYSTEMTHROUGHTHEFIRSTTEMPERATURESENSORDS18B20ACQUISITION,ANDTHENTHROUGHTHEC51SCMPROCESSINGANDDISPLAYEDONTHEDIGITALTUBE,CANBECOLLECTEDINDOORORAGREENHOUSEAROUNDINDIFFERENTLOCATIONSOFTHETEMPERATURE,WITHFOURDIGITALTUBETODISPLAYTHEFIRSTDIGITALPIPEDISPLAYACQUISITIONISWHICHWAY,WHICHCHANNELTHREEDIGITALPIPEDISPLAYAFTERTHEACQUISITIONCHANNELBYTEMPERATURE,ACCURATETO01DEGREESAT89C51ISA4KBYTESFLASHMEMORYERASABLEPROGRAMMABLEANDFPEROMFLASHFORTHECAMPAIGNSWITHLOWVOLTAGE,HIGHPERFORMANCECMOSEIGHTMICROPROCESSORS,COMMONLYKNOWNASTHEMICROCONTROLLERAT89C2051ISA2KBYTESWITHFLASHMEMORYCANBEERASEDPROGRAMMABLEREADONLYMEMORY,SCMCANERASEREADONLYMEMORYCANBEREPEATEDERASED1000TIMESTHISDEVICEADOPTSATMELHIGHDENSITYNONVOLATILEMEMORYMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYMANUFACTURING,ANDINDUSTRIALSTANDARDMCS51INSTRUCTIONSETANDOUTPUTTUBECOMPATIBLEDUETOTHEMULTIFUNCTIONAL8BITSCPUANDWILLBEFLASHINGONSINGLECHIPCOMBINATIONOFMEMORY,ATMELAT89C51ISAKINDOFHIGHEFFICIENTMICROCONTROLLER,AT89C2051ISASTREAMLINEDVERSIONAT89C51MICROCONTROLLERASMANYEMBEDDEDCONTROLSYSTEMARRANGEAPPEARANCEANDPINASSHOWNINFIGURE“12“SHOWN12AT89C51PINSFIGUREMAJORFEATURESANDMCS51COMPATIBLE4KBYTESPROGRAMMABLEFLASHMEMORYLIFE1000WRITE/WIPECYCLEDATARETENTIONTIME10YEARSTHESTATICJOB0HZ24MHZLEVEL3PROGRAMMEMORYLOCK128X8BITSINTERNALRAM32PROGRAMMABLEI/OLINESTWO16TIMER5INTERRUPTSOURCEPROGRAMMABLESERIALCHANNELSLOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFIDLEANDPOWERLOSTMODEPIECEINSIDEOSCILLATORANDCLOCKCIRCUITTUBEFEETEXPLAINSVCCPOWERSUPPLYVOLTAGEGNDGROUNDEDP0MOUTHP0MOUTHAEIGHTLEAKLEVELTWOWAYI/OMOUTHOPEN,EVERYFOOTCANABSORB8TTLGATECURRENTWHENTHEPIPEMOUTHP0FEETFIRSTWRITE1,DEFINEDASHIGHRESISTANCEINPUTP0CANBEUSEDFOREXTERNALPROGRAMDATASTORAGE,ITCANBEDEFINEDASTHEEIGHTHDATA/ADDRESSINFIASHPROGRAMMING,P0MOUTHASTHESOURCECODEINPUTPORT,WHENFIASHCHECK,THESOURCECODEP0OUTPUT,WHENP0EXTERNALMUSTBEPULLEDP1MOUTHMOUTHISANINTERNALP1PROVIDEPULLUPRESISTORS8BITTWOWAYI/OMOUTH,P1MOUTHBUFFERCANRECEIVE4TTLGATECURRENTOUTPUTP1MOUTHTUBEFEET,WASTHENWRITE1FORHIGH,PULLUPINSIDECANBEUSEDASINPUT,P1MOUTHBEEXTERNALPULLDOWNFORLOWELECTRICITYATORDINARYTIMES,WILLOUTPUTCURRENT,THISISDUETOINTERNALPULLUPSAKEINFLASHPROGRAMMINGANDCALIBRATION,P1MOUTHASEIGHTHADDRESSTORECEIVEP2MOUTHFORANINTERNALP2MOUTHONTHE8BITPULLUPRESISTORSTWOWAYI/OPORT,P2MOUTHTORECEIVE,THEOUTPUTBUFFER4TTLGATECURRENT,WHENP2MOUTHISWRITTEN“1“,ITSTUBEFEETAREINTERNALPULLUPRESISTORS,ANDPUSHASINPUTANDSOASTHEINPUT,P2MOUTHFEETAREEXTERNALDOWNTUBE,WILLOUTPUTCURRENTTHISISDUETOINTERNALPULLUPSAKEP2MOUTHWHENUSEDEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYOR16ADDRESSEXTERNALDATAMEMORYACCESS,P2MOUTHHIGHOUTPUTADDRESSEIGHTINAGIVENADDRESS“1“,ITUSINGINTERNALANDEXTERNAL8ADDRESSADVANTAGE,WHENFORREADINGANDWRITINGDATAMEMORY,P2WHENTHESPECIALFUNCTIONREGISTERSMOUTHOUTPUTOFCONTENTP2MOUTHINFLASHPROGRAMMINGANDTHECALIBRATIONEIGHTADDRESSWHENRECEIVINGHIGHSIGNALANDCONTROLSIGNALSP3MOUTHP3MOUTHPIPEIS8FEETWITHINTERNALPULLUPRESISTORSTWOWAYI/OPORT,MAYRECEIVEFOURTTLGATECURRENTOUTPUTWHENP3MOUTHWRITING“1“,THEYAREINTERNALANDHIGHLEVEL,ANDUSEDASINPUTASINPUT,DUETOEXTERNALDROPDOWNFORLOWLEVEL,P3MOUTHWILLOUTPUTCURRENTILLTHISISDUETOPULLUPSSAKERSTRESETINPUTWHENOSCILLATORRESETDEVICETOKEEPRSTFEETHIGHLEVELTWOMACHINECYCLETIMEALE/PROGWHENACCESSEXTERNALSTORAGE,ADDRESSLATCHALLOWSTHEOUTPUTLEVELOFTHEPOSITIONFORLATCHADDRESSBYTEDURINGTHEFLASHPROGRAMMING,THISPINFORINPUTPROGRAMMINGPULSEINPEACETIME,THEALEWITHACONSTANTFREQUENCYCYCLEOUTPUTISTHEPULSESIGNAL,THEFREQUENCIESOFTHE1/6OSCILLATORFREQUENCYSOITCANBEUSEDAGAINSTEXTERNALOUTPUTPULSEORUSEDFORTIMINGPURPOSEHOWEVERITISWHENEVERUSEDFOREXTERNALDATASTORAGE,WILLSKIPAALEPULSEIFYOUWANTTOBANTHEALEOUTPUTCANBEINSFR8EHADDRESSFOR0ATTHISTIME,ONLYBYPERFORMINGTHEALEMOVX,MOVCINSTRUCTIONISALETOTAKEEFFECTINADDITION,THEPINSWERESLIGHTLYUPIFMICROPROCESSORINEXTERNALEXECUTIONALE,BUYABANISINVALID/PSENEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYCHOICEOFCOMMUNICATIONNUMBERBYEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYINDURINGTHEINSTRUCTIONFETCH,EACHMACHINECYCLETWICE/PSENEFFECTIVEBUTONAVISITTOEXTERNALDATASTORAGE,THETWOEFFECTIVE/PSENSIGNALSWILLNOTAPPEAR/EA/VPPWHEN/EAKEEPLOWLEVELSINTHISPERIOD,THEEXTERNALPROGRAMMEMORY0000HFFFFH,WHETHERHAVEINTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYNOTEENCRYPTIONMETHOD1,/EAWILLRESETFORINTERNALFOCUSWHEN/EAENDKEEPHIGHELECTRICITYATORDINARYTIMES,INTERNALPROGRAMMEMORYHEREDURINGTHEFLASHPROGRAMMING,THISPINISALSOUSEDVPP12VPROGRAMMINGPOWERONXTAL1THEINVERTINGOSCILLATORAMPLIFIERINPUTANDINPUTTOTHEINTERNALCLOCKOPERATINGCIRCUITXTAL2FROMREVERSEOSCILLATOROUTPUTKEILVISION2ISABOUTTHE8051SERIESMCUKEILCOMPANYOFDEVELOPMENTTOOLSCANBEUSEDTOCOMPILECSOURCECODE,ASSEMBLERSSOURCEPROGRAM,CONNECTIONANDRELOCATIONTARGETFILESANDLIBRARIES,GENBUILTDOCUMENTS,DEBUGGINGPURPOSESPROCEDURE,ETC,ITISAKINDOFINTEGRATIONOFDOCUMENTMANAGEMENTCOMPILEENVIRONMENTITINTEGRATESDOCUMENTEDITINGPROCESSING,COMPILECONNECTION,PROJECTMANAGEMENT,WINDOW,TOOLSCITEDANDSOFTWARECOPYTRUEDEBUGGINGANDOTHERFUNCTIONS,ISPRETTYPOWERFULDEVELOPMENTTOOLINKEILINSIDECOMPILE,THEPROCEDURESREQUIREDCOMMISSIONING分布是温度传感器在人类的生活环境中，温度扮演着极其重要的角色。无论你生活在哪里，从事什么工作，无时无刻不在与温度打着交道。自18世纪工业革命以来，工业发展对是否能掌握温度有着绝对的联系。在冶金、钢铁、石化、水泥、玻璃、医药等等行业，可以说几乎80的工业部门都不得不考虑着温度的因素。温度对于工业如此重要，由此推进了温度传感器的发展。温度传感器的发展传感器主要大体经过了三个发展阶段模拟集成温度传感器。该传感器是采用硅半导体集成工艺制成，因此亦称硅传感器或单片集成温度传感器。此种传感器具有功能单一仅测量温度、测温误差小、价格低、响应速度快、传输距离远、体积小、微功耗等，适合远距离测温、控温，不需要进行非线性校准，外围电路简单。它是目前在国内外应用最为普遍的一种集成传感器，典型产品有AD590、AD592、TMP17、LM135等；模拟集成温度控制器。模拟集成温度控制器主要包括温控开关、可编程温度控制器，典型产品有LM56、AD22105和MAX6509。某些增强型集成温度控制器例如TC652/653中还包含了A/D转换器以及固化好的程序，这与智能温度传感器有某些相似之处。但它自成系统，工作时并不受微处理器的控制，这是二者的主要区别；智能温度传感器。能温度传感器亦称数字温度传感器是在20世纪90年代中期问世的。它是微电子技术、计算机技术和自动测试技术ATE的结晶。智能温度传感器内部都包含温度传感器、A/D转换器、信号处理器、存储器或寄存器和接口电路。有的产品还带多路选择器、中央控制器CPU、随机存取存储器RAM和只读存储器ROM。智能温度传感器的特点是能输出温度数据及相关的温度控制量，适配各种微控制器MCU；并且它是在硬件的基础上通过软件来实现测试功能的，其智能化程度也取决于软件的开发水平。温度传感器的发展趋势。进入21世纪后，温度传感器正朝着高精度、多功能、总线标准化、高可靠性及安全性、开发虚拟传感器和网络传感器、研制单片测温系统等高科技的方向迅速发展。传感器在温度测控系统中的应用。目前市场主要存在单点和多点两种温度测量仪表。对于单点温测仪表，主要采用传统的模拟集成温度传感器，其中又以热电阻、热电偶等传感器的测量精度高，测量范围大，而得到了普遍的应用。此种产品测温范围大都在200800之间，分辨率12位，最小分辨温度在0001001之间。自带LED显示模块，显示4位到16位不等。有的仪表还具有存储功能，可存储几百到几千组数据。该类仪表可很好的满足单个用户单点测量的需要。多点温度测量仪表，相对与单点的测量精度有一定的差距，虽然实现了多路温度的测控，但价格昂贵。针对目前市场的现状，本课题提出了一种可满足要求、可扩展的并且性价比高的单片机多路测温系统。通过温度传感器DS18B20采集，然后通过C51单片机处理并在数码管上显示，可以采集室内或花房中四处不同位置的温度，用四个数码管来显示。第一个数码管显示所采集的是哪一路，哪个通道。后三个数码管显示所采集通道的温度值，精确到01度。AT89C51是一种带4K字节FLASH存储器（FPEROMFLASHPROGRAMMABLEANDERASABLEREADONLYMEMORY）的低电压、高性能CMOS8位微处理器，俗称单片机。AT89C2051是一种带2K字节闪存可编程可擦除只读存储器的单片机。单片机的可擦除只读存储器可以反复擦除1000次。该器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失存储器制造技术制造，与工业标准的MCS51指令集和输出管脚相兼容。由于将多功能8位CPU和闪烁存储器组合在单个芯片中，ATMEL的AT89C51是一种高效微控制器，AT89C2051是它的一种精简版本。AT89C51单片机为很多嵌入式控制系统提供了一种灵活性高且价廉的方案。外形及引脚排列如图“图12”所示图12AT89C51引脚图主要特性与MCS51兼容4K字节可编程FLASH存储器寿命1000写/擦循环数据保留时间10年全静态工作0HZ24MHZ三级程序存储器锁定1288位内部RAM32可编程I/O线两个16位定时器/计数器5个中断源可编程串行通道低功耗的闲置和掉电模式片内振荡器和时钟电路管脚说明VCC供电电压。GND接地。P0口P0口为一个8位漏级开路双向I/O口，每脚可吸收8TTL门电流。当P0口的管脚第一次写1时，被定义为高阻输入。P0能够用于外部程序数据存储器，它可以被定义为数据/地址的第八位。在FIASH编程时，P0口作为原码输入口，当FIASH进行校验时，P0输出原码，此时P0外部必须被拉高。P1口P1口是一个内部提供上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P1口缓冲器能接收输出4TTL门电流。P1口管脚写入1后，被内