that用法(定语从句一)

定语从句,（一）,第一部分,定语从句定义及概述,先行词,关系词,定语从句,(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。,IwillneverforgetthegirlthatImetyesterdayinthestreet.,定语从句两个必须先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；先行词所作的成分必须空缺。,【指点迷津】,第二部分,关系代词引导的定语从句,1.关系代词that的用法,用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Thisisthefactorythatproducescars.(作主语,指物)2)Thegirlthatspoketomejustnowismyclassmate.(作主语,指人)3)Thefilm(that)wesawyesterdayisinteresting.(作宾语，指物),2.关系代词which的用法,用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.(作主语)2)Thecar(which)myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.(作宾语),关系代词that的特权和禁区,1.特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句；（2）介词没有提前。,2.禁区：有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。（1）非限定性定语从句；（2）介词提前时。,【名师指津】,【特别提醒】,(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.,(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。ThefirstbookthatIboughtwasabouthowtolearnEnglish.,(3)先行词是all,much,little,none,few等不定代词或由some,any,every,no等词构成的复合代词时）IdidallthatIcoulddoatthattime.Therewaslittlethatthedoctorcoulddoforthepatient.,只用that不用which的情况：,(4)当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。Theonlythingthathecandoistosaysorrytoher.（5）先行词既有人又有物。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?（6）主句已有疑问词who/which时。Whichisthebookthatyoulike?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?,（7）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。Heisnolongerthemanthathewastenyearsago.Jinanisnolongerthecitythatitwastenyearsago.,【典题例证】,Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.AthatBallthatCallwhatDwhich,只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况：,1.当关系代词前有介词时。Adesertisagreatplaininwhichnothingwillgrow.2.引导非限制性定语从句时。Thestudentswaslateforclass7timesaweek,whichmadeherteachermad.3.一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。4.当先行词本身是that时。ThatwhichIhadknownaboutmadethemsurprised.,用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Iknowthemanwhospoketoyoujustnow.(作主语)2)Sheisnotthegirlwhoshewas.(作表语),3.关系代词who的用法,.,4.关系代词whom的用法,用法：指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。1)Hereistheman(whom)youarelookingfor.2)Thewoman(whom)yousawjustnowisourEnglishteacher.,【特别提醒】,关系代词who和whom的选择,Mr.Smithistheverymanwho/whomyouarelookingfor.Ihaveafriendwholikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.Isthatthemanwithwhomyouarrivedyesterday?,5.关系代词whose的用法,用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。1)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.(指人)2)Theroomwhosewindowsfacetheeastismine.(指物）,IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose,wasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitythenamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.,【典题例证】,2.Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever,6.关系代词as的用法,用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在thesameas,suchas,soas等句型中,as不能省略。（1）SuchteachersasknowTomthinkhimbright.(指人，作主语)（2）Illbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.(指物，作宾语),关系代词as的选择,一、当先行词中有so,such等修饰语时；如：ThisissogoodabookasIcanhardlytearmyselfawayfrom.Neverpromisesuchthingsasyoucantachieve.,Thisissogoodamovie_weallwishtosee.Thisissogoodamovie_weallwishtoseeit.,as,that,【名师指津】,二、当定语从句置于句首时；如：Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesunonceeveryyear.Aswehadexpected,thestudentswhohadcheatedintheexamswerepunished.,_isknowntoallthattheearthtravelsaroundthesunonceeveryyear.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.What,三、当先行词中有thesame修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思稍有不同。如：ThisisthesameshirtasIworeyesterday.(这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意思是说并不是同一件。)ThisisthesameshirtthatIworeyesterday.(这是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件衣服。),ThestudentsinNewYorkareusingthesametextbooksasweareusin