B4U1grammar 主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致,(agreementbetweensubjectandverb),熟读深思,MyseatmateJames,whoseparentshavebeenteaching1EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears,comes2fromtheUnitedStates,whichis3oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Heaswellashisparentsenjoys4livinginGuangzhoubecauseneitherJamesnorhisparentsfind5itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,manyacustomhereis6easytounderstandandtenyearsis7enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.I,togetherwithJames,extremelylike8Englishbutphysicsseems9ratherdifficultforus.,Besides,bothheandIare10veryfondofreadingstorybooks,andtheArabianNightsis11oneofthemostinterestingbooksthathavebeenread12byus.Ourclassis13unitedasabigfamily.Nowtheclassare14preparingforthecomingsportsmeet,solargequantitiesofourrecenttimehavebeenspent15onit.Whatweneedis16aqualifiedcoachbecausebeingtrainedproperlyis17ofgreatimportance.Weeachareallawarethateachofusplays18animportantroleinourclass.Wehavedecidedtoholdacelebrationifgettingagoodresultbutwhenandwherewearegoingtoholdithasntbeendecided.19,语法概念：主谓一致是指在英语中，句子的谓语动词要与_在_上保持一致。,Brainstorm：在英文句子中，谓语动词什么时候用单数？什么时候用复数？,主语,人称和数,就近原则：,主语为单数形式，谓语一般用单数形式主语为复数形式，谓语一般用复数形式,尽管主语是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语用复数形式,谓语动词的形式由和它最接近的主语的形式来决定,1)Look!Agirl_(be)singing,andtwoboys_(be)dancing.,2)Thecrowd_(be)arguingandfighting.Dontgetclosetothem.,3)Notonlyanursebutalsotwodoctors_(be)finedyesterday.,is,are,are,were,三个原则：语法一致：,意义/内容一致：,1).Manyaboy_(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.,has,2)Morethanonegame_(be)lost.,was,语法一致:按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语形式,归纳一：manya(许多)和morethanone(不止一个)等作定语修饰做主语的单数可数名词时,谓语动词用_。,单数,1）LiMingandZhangHua_goodstudents.,A.amB.isC.are,2）Boththeteachersandthestudents_here.,A.amB.isC.are,归纳二：两个名词由and连接作主语时，A,B表示不同的人，物或观念时，谓语动词用_形式。,C,C,复数,并列主语表示同一个概念、同一个人或同一事物，谓语动词用_形式。,1)Tomsteacherandfriend_Mr.Smith.,A.amB.isC.are,B,单数,2)Myneighborandcolleague_(like)gardeningthoughheisbusy.3)Aneedleandthread_(be)neededtorepairyourshoesnow.,注意:表整体概念的并列结构短语有：warandpeace,ironandsteel钢铁,breadandbutter面包和黄油,aknifeandfork,aneedleandthread,likes,is,1).Noteacherandnostudent_(be)intheclassroom.,is,2)Eachboyandeachgirl_(want)toservethepeopleinthefuture.3)Everymanandeverywoman_(live)peacefully.4)Manyaboyandmanyagirl_(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.,wants,lives,语法一致,归纳三：用and连接的并列主语被each/every/no/manya修饰时，谓语动词用_。,has,单数,归纳四：不定代词each,noone,anyone,somebody,everything,nothing或either在句中作主语或限定词时,谓语一律用_。,1）Eachofus_（have）acar.2）Someone_（want)tobuythehouse.3）Eitherofthem_(want)totakeavacation.,has,wants,wants,单数,Theblind_(study)inspecialschool.Thesick_(cure).,study,havebeencured,归纳五：如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,表示一类人、事物；谓语通常用_;这类词有:_,复数,thepoor,theinjured，theold,theyoung等,Tenkilometers_(be)alongdistance.Onedollarandseventyeightcents_(be)whatshehas.,is,is,归纳六：表示时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语，看作一个整体时为_。,单数,语法一致原则的几个难点,Servingpeople_(be)mygreathappiness.,Whenwellgooutforanouting_(have)beendecided.,is,has,Tobeaprogrammer_(be)mygoalwhichIamtryingtoachieve.,is,难点一：单个不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或从句作主语时,谓语动词用_。,单数,1)Thosewho_(want)togoshouldsignyournameshere.2)Anyonewho_(want)togoshouldsignyournamehere.,want,wants,难点二：在定语从句中：,先行词+who/which/that(作主语）引导定语从句，从句谓语与_一致。,先行词,3)Hewasoneofthestudentswho_（invite）atthepartylastnight.4)Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswho_（invite）atthepartylastnight.,wereinvited,wasinvited,oneof+复数名词+关系代词作主语引导的定语从句，从句谓语用_。theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词作主语引导的定语从句，从句谓语用_-。,复数,单数,Here_(come)thebus.There_(be)apenandsomepiecesofpaper.,comes,1),就近原则:谓语动词的数由离它最近的主语而定。,归纳1):由here,there等引导的倒装句中,若主语不止一个时,谓语动词与_保持一致。,is,最近的主语,就近一致,2）NeitheryounorI_wrong.,3）Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher_(wish)foraholiday.,4)_(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?,am,wishes,Are,归纳2):由连词notonly.butalso,neithernor;eitheror;whetheror;notbut（不是而是）;or在句子中连接主语的时候,谓语动词要和_保持一致。,靠近它的主语,7)Ateacherwithfivestudents_intheclassroom.,B,5)Aprofessor,ratherthantwodoctors,_(be)senttohelpinthework.6)Nooneincludingtheteachers_(be)allowedtousethehouse.,B,B,A.areB.is,归纳3)：当主语后面跟有togetherwith,with，alongwith,but,except,aswellas,besides,including,inadditionto,like,ratherthan等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按_而定。,主语单、复数,意义一致原则：谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。Thepolice_searchingforathief.Thecattle_eatinggrassonthehill.,归纳一：某些名词如people,thepolice,cattle(牛）等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。,are,are,Physics_averyinterestingsubject.Thenews_true.,is,is,归纳二：某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news等，形式复数但意义为单数，谓语动词应用_。,单数,Noteverymeans_useful.Notallmeans_useful.Onedaythiswhitesheep_lost.,is,are,was,归纳三：有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词_,这一类名词有:means,deer(鹿),sheep(羊),works等。,由上下文决定,Hisfamily_goingout.Hisfamily_allmusiclovers.Ourgroup_readingthenewspapers.,is,are,are,归纳四：集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用_；指其中的各个成员时,动词则用_。这一类常见的集合名词有family,class,group,audience,crowd,team等。,单数,复数,意义一致原则的难点,1)Therestofthemoney_onthedesk.2)Therestofthebooks_onthedesk.A.isB.are,A,B,Partofthetextbooks_(have)arrived.,have,Partoftheapple_(have)beeneatenupbythepig.,has,不定数量的词:all/some/half/any/part/therest/百分数/分数+of+名词或代词等做主语，谓语动词由_决定。,of后的名词,主谓一致,主谓一致与高考,高考语法填空中每年必定有一题是考查谓语动词的,而谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气,同时也包括主谓一致。例1(2011年)He_(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.,waspretending,例2(2009年)“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_(inform).,wasinformed,综合练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Heaswellashistwofriends_(be)goingforapicnicthisSaturday.2.Mostofhistime_(spend)oncomputergamesinthepast.3.Th