四级考试翻译专题.ppt

英语四级考试：翻译,备考攻略,一、评分原则及标准1.整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2.结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4.整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,1.标准：准确、通顺、完整。2.方法：以直译为主适当意译。3.步骤：通读全句，准确理解。分析成分，划分意群。选择词义，贴切表达。适当调整，书写译文。,例.Havingspentsometimeinthecity，hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).【句意】在城市里待了一些时间后，他能毫不费力地找到去历史博物馆的路。【解析】题干中已经给出havenotrouble，说明考查的是have(no)trouble(in)doingsth这一词组的用法，因此可以断定，考点之一必然是答案需要使用动名词形式。“找到去的路”应该用findthewayto。【答案】findingthewaytothehistorymuseum【考查重点】动名词形式的使用，类似的用法还有：spendsometime(in)doingsth，itisnousedoingsth，beinterestedindoingsth，warnsbagainstdoingsth等等。核心词组的搭配(如：findthewayto)的使用也要注意。,翻译真题评析与提高,1.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad_(很难跟上班上同学)inmathsandEnglish.(2009.6)解题步骤(一)理解：分析此句，所翻译的部分主要考查对习惯用法的掌握，而并不涉及句子时态问题。(二)表达：划分成分，句子中逗号之前部分是时间状语从句，而主句又引导宾语从句，宾语从句中核心谓语动词是had，“很难跟上班上同学”作宾语，“inmathsandEnglish”作补语。(1)切块对应翻译：“很难做某事”=havedifficulty(in)doingsth.，“跟上”=keepupwith，“班上同学”=hisclassmates。(2)重新组合：difficulty(in)keepingupwithhisclassmates.(三)校审：检查“很难做某事”、“跟上”用havedifficulty(in)doingsth.和keepupwith来表达是否准确;核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案difficulty(in)keepingupwithhisclassmates.考点剖析习惯用法：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“很难做某事”;keepupwith“跟上”,如何在冲刺阶段复习翻译题型呢？,立足真题，挖掘考点，积极记忆，胸有成竹！,新四级中翻译考什么？核心考点是什么？,1.固定搭配考点Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely_(把孩子的成功归因于)naturaltalent.【考点剖析】1)belikelytodosth;2)owe.to/attribute.to(把.归因于),比较结构,1.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_.(它更加方便和省时)（2007，12）itismoreconvenientandtime-saving,SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_(06,6)(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading.nothingappealstomemorethanreading.,2)themore,themoreThemoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂)themoreconfusedIam/become/getthelessIunderstand3)Ais倍数+thesize/length/widthofBAis倍数as+原级+asBAis倍数morethanBOnaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly（一半的钱）inadayinLeedsasinLondon.halfasmuchmoney,._,(与我成长的地方相比)，thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.(08,6)ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewupIncomparisonwiththeplacewhereIwasbroughtup,2.核心语法考点,虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、非谓语动词等。例1：Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.【考点剖析】requirethat+sb+should+动词原形,虚拟语气,1.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).(09,6)wouldnthavebeencaughtintheheavyrain.2.Thevictim_(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhaveachancetosurvive.ofsurvival.,3.Butforyou,_.(我就迷路了）Iwouldhavelostmyway.(without,butfor,intheabsenceof,wereitnotfor)4.Youdbettertakeasweaterwithyou_(以防天气变冷)(08,12)lest/incaseit(should)getcold(lest,incase,forfearthat),5.Itisessentialthat_(把这些申请表尽早寄出）theseapplicationformsbesentasearlyaspossible.（Itis+adj.+that.)advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative,important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,ashame),例2：Notonly_(他向我收费过高),buthedidntdoagoodrepairjobeither(大纲样题)【考点剖析】倒装句首的Notonlydidheoverchargeme,_(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.(08.6)Notuntilhehadaccomplished/completed/finished/fulfilledhismission.,3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查,例1：Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.【考点剖析】解雇“dismiss,discharge,fire,在明确了新四级翻译的核心考点之后，如何应对？,冲刺备考建议,在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。,1.在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。例：(为了挣钱供我上学)_,motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforherhealth.Toearnmoneyformyeducation;Toearnmoneyformyschooling;Inordertomakemoneytofinancemyeducation;Inordertomakemoneytofundmyeducation;Inordertoearnmoneytoaffordmyeducation,2.绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点例：Theauthorwasrequiredtosubmitanabstractofabout200wordstogetherwithhisresearchpaper.,Hegaveapledgetohandletheaffairsinafriendlymanner.【考点探究】giveapledgetodosth(承诺做某事)；handlein.manner(以.方式),Youwillnotbeparticularaboutyourfoodintimeofgreathunger【考点探究】beparticularaboutyourfood(对食物挑剔)beselectiveaboutyourfood,加强语法：真题中出现的主要句型,1.从句(1)主语从句真题：_(很多人没有意识到的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.(2009.6)答案：Whatmanypeopledontrealize(2)宾语从句真题：ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.(2007.12)答案：ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanloan,【真题】_(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.(2008.12)【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用beconcernedabout表达。【答案】Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout,(3)表语从句真题：Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore,(4)定语从句真题：Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems_(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)答案：(that/which)theyhaventfoundsolutionto或towhichtheyhaventfoundsolution真题：_(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.(2008.6)答案：ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup真题：ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis_(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)答案：thefieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate,(5)状语从句真题：Leavingonesjob,_(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.(2008.6)答案：whateveritis(让步状语从句)真题：Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)答案：nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIhavetomake(让步状语从句)真题：Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)答案：mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome(时间状语从句),2.虚拟语气历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：(1)(should)+动词原形的情形;(2)if或butfor等引导的条件句;(3)wish,ifonly,wouldrather,Itis(high)timethat的用法。,【真题】Youwouldnothavefailedif_(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)【答案】youhadfollowedmyinstructions或者youhadfollowedmyorders【解析】本题考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would+have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二是固定搭配“按照的指令”表达为followmyinstructions或者是followmyorders注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you，造成不必要的失分。,【真题】Thevictim_(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006.12)【解析】本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，if引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主句谓语一般使用wouldhavedone。【答案】wouldhavehadachancetosurvive/wouldhavehadachanceofsurvival,3.倒装结构倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,notonce,undernocircumstances,innoway,nosoonerthan，notonlybutalso用于句首时所导致的倒装。SeldomdidIgototheater,butnowitisdifferent.以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。,【真题】Notonly_(他向我收费过高)，buthedidntdoagoodrepairjobeither.(2006.6新)【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当译为“charge”。收费“过高”往往使用toomuch,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示“收费过高”。其次，notonlybut结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式译为didheoverchargeme/didshechargemetoomuch。【答案】didheoverchargeme/didhechargemetoomuch,(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if省略，把should,had,were提至主语前，形成倒装。WereIyou,Illneverpromisetodothat.如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。,(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如：A.so倒装句Sodiligentlydoesheworkthatheoftenforgetstoeatandsleep.他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only,often,thenThendidIthrowmyselfintothechair,exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。Onlybyworkinghardcanweachievewhatwewant.我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。,(4)在“so+形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她感动得说不出话来。,模拟习题：,1.Sheneverlaughed,_(也从不发脾气)。2.Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinboldtypesoasto_(吸引读者的注意力)。3.Theroomisinaterriblemess,it_(肯定没打扫过)。4.（这个计划成功的关键）_isgoodplanning.5.WhenI_(发现他骗我)Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.,答案：,1.nordidsheeverlosetemper/becomeangry(本题有两个考察点，第一，表示“两个都不”的否定词应该用nor，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，“发脾气”的表达法：losetemper/becomeangry)2.draw/attractreadersattention(考察draw/attractreadersattention“引起某人注意”，soasto后接dosth.)3.canthavebeencleaned(“情态动词+havedone”表示推测，cant表示不可能，如推测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式)4.Thekeytothesuccessofthisproject(key在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词to)5.found/caughthimcheatingme,Test1,1._(从太空上来看)，ourearth,withwatercoveringabout75%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.2.Anti-governmentdemonstrationsdooccur,butseldom,ifever,_(正如报纸上报道他们的那样)。3.Helentmeathousandpounds,_(那正好是我需要的数目)tosolvemyproblem.4.Thevillagers_(理所当然地认为)thatweshouldbuildnewroads.5._(如果我和我兄弟之间出现争吵)，mydadsettlesit.,1.SeenfromspaceSeenfromspace此处用做状语，它和句子主句theearth的关系是被动的，要用过去分词，beingseen是现在分词的被动形式，这种形式用在动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生，在作状语的分词里较少适用。2.aretheyreportedinthenewspaperbut后的分句是以含有否定意义的seldom起首的，后面要用倒装结构。由于是被报纸报道，所以report要用它的被动形式。3.whichisexactlytheamountIneeded此处用关系代词which指代athousandpounds.英语中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名词短语，虽然形式上是复数的，其后动词仍用单数形式。4.takeitforgrantedtakeitforgranted是固定搭配，意思是“理所当然地认为”。5.Ifanyquarrelarisesbetweenmybrotherandme此句容易把arise用成rise，但是rise的意思是“升起，起来”，而arise的意思是“出现，发生，呈现”，主语一般为抽象名词，如“problem,trouble,quarrel”等.,Test2,1_(钟声响了)andwerealizeditwasalreadytwooclockintheafternoon.2.Findingitdifficultto_(适应那里的气候)，hedecidedtomovetothenorth.3.Heaskedtheteacherto_(解释得更详细一些)。4_(与成年人学习外语相比)childrendonothavegoodconditions,buttheycanmastermothertonguecompletely.5._(就外表而言)，Jackandhisyoungerbrotherhavelittleincommon.,1.Theclockstruck时钟报时用strike,而不用ring.电话铃响了一般用ring.2.adapttotheclimatethereadaptto有“与相适应”的意思，还可以用“beaccustomedto”或“beadjustedto”来表达类似的意思。注意这些“to”后面一定要跟名词或动名词。3.explainthewordingreaterdetail“explainthewordingreaterdetail”即“详细解释某事”的意思。4.Comparedwithadultslearningforeignlanguages此句考查分词的正确使用，它的主语是children,与adults相比，与compare是动宾关系，所以要用表示被动关系的过去分词形式。5.Asfarastheappearanceisconcerned“asfarassomethingisconcerned”表示“就而言”，相似的短语有“assomethingreferred”,表示就某事物的某方面作说明。,练习1,1.Ihavehadgreatdealoftrouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学)答案：keepingupwiththerestoftheclass2._(我们没有人料到主席会出现)attheparty.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.答案：noneofusexpectedthechairmantoturnup3.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,_(正如预料的那样).答案：aswastobeexpected,4.Mostdoctorsrecognizethatmedicineisasmuch_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).答案：anartasitisascience5.Somewomen_(本来能够挣一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesaleofthefamily.答案：couldhavemadeagoodsalary.6.Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimated_(无法获得)tothehealthservice.答案：tohavenoaccess,7.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused_(习惯了学生迟到)hislecture.答案：tostudentsbeinglatefor8.Thepriceofbeer_(从50美分到4美元不等)perliterduringthesummerseason.答案：ranges/variesfrom50centsto$49.Wedlike_(预订一张餐桌)fivefordinnerthisevening.答案：toreserveatablefor10.TheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_(想找麻烦).答案：tomaketrouble,11.Itmaybenecessarytostop_(每隔时间)inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.答案：atintervals12.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_(伤害自己).答案：injurehimself13.Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewas_(忙着准备)herexamination.答案：busypreparingfor14.Theshipsgeneratorbrokedownandthepumps_(不得不用手工操作)insteadofmechanically.答案：hadtobeoperatedmanually,15.Whydidntyoutellmeyoucouldmethemoney?I_(本来不必从银行借钱的)答案：neednthaveborroweditfromthebank.16.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,I_(已经动身去)London.答案：shallhaveleftfor17.Buyingclothes_(是一件很耗时的工作),becausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheonesthatfithimorher.答案：isoftenaverytime-consumingjob18.Itstime_(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.答案：somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken,19.WhenIwasveryyoung,Iwasterriblyfrightenedofschool,butIsoon_(克服了这种心理).答案：overcameit/gotoverit20.Pleasedontstandinthekitchen,youre_(挡路了).答案：intheway,练习2,21Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_(打扰我)thatevening.22._(正是由于她太没有经验)thatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.23.WhenI_(发现他骗我)Istoppedbuyingthinsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.24.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter_(不在一个办公室内工作).25.ThesportsmeetoriginallyduetobeheldlastFriday_(最终因天气不好而取消了).26I_(将在做实验)fromthreetofivethisafternoon.27.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_(有很强的影响)thecharacterofthechildren.28.Butforhishelp,I_(我不可能这么早完成).29.Hisremarksleftme_(想知道他的真实目的).30.Markoften_(试图逃脱罚款)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.,答案,21.hadinterruptedme22.itisbecausesheistooinexperienced23.caughthimcheatingme24.didnotworkinthesameoffice25.wasfinallycalledoff/cancelledbecauseofthebadweather26.willbedoing/conductingtheexperiment27.hasastronginfluenceon28.wouldnothavefinishedsoearly29.wonderingabouthisrealpurpose30.attemptstoescapebeingfined,31Ifthiscantbesettledreasonably,itmaybenecessaryto_(诉助武力).32.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_（肯定没打扫过）.33.Everybodyknowshe_（受到了冤枉指控）.34.Hewearsapairofsunglasses_（惟恐被别人认出来）.35.Sheneverdreamsof_(被派到国外).36.Ifyouwontagreetoourplan,_(他们也不会同意).37.IshouldsayHenryis_(与其说是个作家不如说是)asareporter.38._(信不信由你),hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.39.Ifyoudontliketoswim,you_(不妨待在家里).40.Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou_(弄脏了新地毯).,答案,31.resorttoforce32.canthavebeencleaned33.waswronglyaccused/charged34.forfearthatheshouldberecognized35.beingsentabroad36.neitherwillthey37.notsomuchawriter38.Believeitornot39.mayjustaswellstayathome40.stainthenewcarpet,41Franklyspeaking,Idratheryou_(不采取任何措施)aboutitforthetimebeing.42.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelatives_(起着不可缺少的作用)inraisingchildren.43.Johnseemsaniceperson,_(即使这样),Idonttrusthim.44.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_(正在研制)andperfectednow.45.Whatalovelyparty!Itsworth_(牢记一生).46Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot_(失去联系)theoutsideworld.47.Canceris_(仅次于)heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.48.Itisapitythatweshouldstayathomewhenwehave_(这么好的天气).49.Iwould_(不会诉诸法律)acourtoflawifIhadntbeensodesperate.50.Johncannotaffordtogototheuniversity,_(更不用说出国了).,答案,41.didntdoanything42.playindispensableroles43.Evenso44.arebeingdeveloped45.rememberingallmylife46.losecontactwith47.secondonlyto48.suchfineweather49.haveneverresortedto50.nottospeakof/nottomention/letalonegoingabroad,51Idontmindyour_(你延期做出决定)thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.52.Isuggestedhe_（使自己适应）hisnewconditions.53.Ihavenoobjection_（再听听你的故事）.54.Thispopularsportscar_（正在生产出来）outattherateofathousandaweek.55._（请你找张空白纸）andwriteyournameatthetop?,答案,51.delayingmaking52.shouldadapthimselfto53.tohearingyourstoryagain54.isnowbeingturned55.Couldyoutakeablanksheetofpaper?,Quiz,一.单词汉译英申请表本科生目录学生会二.翻译句1._(我的所有朋友都不抽烟除了你)，somyparentsdontwantmetostaywithyou.2.Wehavenoneedtorunafterluxury，because_(高价格并不一定意味着高品质）3.Myteacheralwaysscoldusevenformakingasmallmistake.Ithinkshedoesntrealizethat_(人人都要缺点。),答案：applicationformundergraduatecataloguestudentunion1.Noneofmyfriendssmokeexceptyou2.ahighpricedoesnotnecessarilymeangoodquality3.thereisnomanwithoutfaults,Assignment：Inputisofgreatimportance.,四级翻译题句句贴近生活，源于生活。记忆下列贴近大学生生活的词汇。,大学生活类,required/compulsorycourse必修课enrolment/registerfor注册graduateschool研究生院instructor辅导老师letterofrecommendation推荐信optionalcourse选修课takeanexamination/sitanexamination参加考试oralexamination口试postgraduate研究生credit学分president校长dean导师score/mark分数participation出勤applicationform申请表assessment评估assignment作业coursearrangement课程安排undergraduate本科生,大学生活类,backissues过期刊物cafeteria自助小餐厅callslip索书单campus校园club俱乐部catalogue目录currentaccount现金帐户currentissues本期刊物depositmoneyinabank存钱dininghall食堂dormitory宿舍lecturehall阶梯教室librarycard借书卡overdueandpayafine过期存款renew续借shoppingmall/center购物中心society学生团体studentunion学生会withdraw/drawcash取钱,交通规则类,amberlight黄灯redlight红灯crash撞车crossroad十字路drivewithoutlicense无证驾驶excessivespeed超速greenlight绿灯narrowroad窄路parkingplace停车场speedlimit速度限制trafficjam交通拥挤trafficlight红绿灯trafficpolice交通警察trafficregulation交通规则zebrastripes斑马,（四）观光旅游类,check-in登记入住check-out结账离开holidayresort度假村one-wayticket单程机票placeofsightseeing浏览胜地room-service客房服务round-tripticket来回机票sightseeingtour观光旅游star-ratedhotel星级饭店tourgroup旅游团队tourguide导游travelservice旅行社touristattraction旅游胜地vacationtour度假旅游,（五）社会热点类,assistantpresident总裁助理advancewithtimes与时俱进bidfortheOlympicGames申办奥运会birthcontrol计划生育braindrain人才外流bubbleeconomy泡沫经济careforseniorcitizens关心老年人costoflivingmaintenance生活费用comprehensivenationalpower综合国力compulsoryeducation义务教育computercrime电脑犯罪divorce离婚dropoutstudent失学儿童eliminateilliteracy扫盲economicglobalization/integration经济全球化educationforall-rounddevelopment素质教育,Netcitizen网民Offline下线NewHumanBeing新新人类Onlineloveaffair网恋Onlinetradingplatform网上交易平台Peopleoriented/peopleforemost以人为本Pioneeringspirit首创精神Preservetheecologicalenvironment保护生态环境Primetime黄金时段Puppylove早恋Rateofunemployment失业率Ruralpopulation乡村人口Self-protectionawareness自我保护意识Self-serviceticketing无人售票Shoppingonline网上购物Singleparentfamily单亲家庭SurftheInternet网上冲浪,句型补充复习,（一）虚拟语气（二）倒装（三）强调（四）替代（五）主谓一致（六）附加疑问句（七）“情态动词+动词原形完成式进行式完成进行式”表示推测（八）非谓语动词作状语及其逻辑主语问题（九）独立结构及分词独立结构（十）therebe句型（十一）不定式和动名词作主语和表语（十二）“have+宾语+非谓语动词”结构,（一）虚拟语气考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：1由“if”引导的虚拟句子（1）与现在的事实相反：(If.+were/did.,.+woulddo.)IfIwereyou,Iwouldmarryhim.如果我是你，就会嫁给他。（2）与过去的事实相反：(If.+haddone.,.+wouldhavedone.)Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.如果你用功学习，就会通过考试了。（3）与将来的事实可能相反：(If.+shoulddo.,.+woulddo.)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?如果明天下雨，你怎么办?,2用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“.(should)+dosth.”（在美语中should常省去）。类似用法的动词有：insist，suggest，order，propose，demand，command，advise，desire，request，require，ask，prefer，recommend（推荐），arrange（安排），advocate（拥护、提倡），maintain（坚决主张）等后面的宾语从句中。,3用在“It+be+i