高考知识汇总（五）2020高考英语知识点概要(必看)

高考知识汇总（五） 2020高考英语知识点概要(必看)search;search for; look for (1)search指“搜查某地或搜身”，其宾语可以是房屋、人身、衣袋等名词。如：They searched their homes without any reason.他们毫无理由地搜查了他们的家。They searched him but found nothing.他们搜了他的身，但没有找到什么。(2)search for 则指“搜寻、搜索某人或物”。如：They searched for him everywhere.他们到处搜寻他。The police searched the wood for the lost child.警察在树林里寻找走失的孩子。试比较：They searched his clothes.他们搜查了他的衣服。（看是否藏有东西）They searched for his clothes.他们在搜寻他的衣服。（要找到衣服）另外，search也可用做名词，in search of “寻找、寻求”是个常见短语。如：The boys went in search of something to eat.孩子们去找东西吃。(3)look for意为“寻找”，同search for意义大体相同。但search for 意味较强，用很大注意力搜寻。而look for则较为通俗，常用于日常用语。如:I looked for my missing pen everywhere.我到处找我丢失的那支笔。seeoff 为送行。 Is anybody seeing you off ?有人送你吗？Tomorrdow I must go to the airport to see my brother off .明天我得到机场为我哥哥送行。see sb. doing sth . 看到某人正在做某事（看到动作的一部分。）see sb. do sth . 看到某人做过某事（看到了动作的全过程。）I saw him crossing the treet.我看到他正在过马路。I saw him cross the street.我看到他过了马路。当用到不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式不带to .但在被动句中不定式须带to 。He was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.人们看到他突然从树上掉了下来。send out 发出；放出Some unknown flowers in the garden send out nice smell.花园里有些不知名的花发出香味。The sun sends out light and heat.太阳发光发热。send构成的其他词组：Send away 撵走；开除；解雇 send for派人去叫（请） send up发射Sensemake sense讲得通；很有意义This sentence doesnt make any sense.sentence 短语归纳sentence用作名词或动词，有“宣判，判决”之意。如:pass sentence on sb.判某人的刑；announce sentence on sb.宣布对某人的判决；serve ones sentence服刑；be sentenced to hard labour被判服苦役；be sentenced to six months in prisom被判处六个月监禁；be under the sentence of death/be sentenced to death被判处死刑；have sb. sentenced to death判某人死刑；sentence sb. to death判某人死刑；receive a sentence of two years 被判两年徒刑。应用完成句子一个凶手被判三年徒刑，另一个被判处死刑。One murderer was_ _ three years in prison and the other was sentenced_ _ .那小偷被判5年监禁。The thief_a sentence _ 5 years in prison.Key:sentenced, to, to, death received, ofseparate(1)adj. 独自的、独立的、分别为不同的、各自的、分离的、分开的。My little son wants a separate room. 我小儿子想要个单词。I want to listen to your separate opinions.我想听你们每个人自己的看法。(2)t. ; vi. 使分开；分离；隔开。常与from 搭配。 Separate the bad apples from the good ones.把坏苹果和好的分开。 England is separated from France by the Channel.英吉利海峡把英国和法国分隔开。 We talked until midnight and then separated.我们一直谈到半夜，然后才分手。 Nobody can separate Taiwan from China.任何人也不能把台湾从中国分裂出去。set off (for)出发，动身（去某地）set off 引爆set out to do sth.着手 n. set about+ doing开始（着手）做Well set off fox Xian at six tomorrow.Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.He set out to break the record for the crosschannel swim.I dont know how to set about this job.shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth.在shoot sb./sth.中，shoot为及物动词，除了shoot the arrow(射箭)外，其宾语多为射击的对象，即人或动物等。Shoot意为“打中、打死、枪决”。而在shoot at sb./sth.中，shoot为不及物动词,at表示动作的方向或目标，打中与否不得而知。试比较：e shoot the bear.他打中了那只熊。e shoot at the bear.他朝那只熊射击。show off该短语动词意为“炫耀”，而show sb./sth.off意为“显示的优点”。如：He is a man who is always showing off.由show 构成的短语动词有：show up出现/出席，显眼showover/round带参观showin领进入；showout领/送出去如：Only three of the people we invited to the party didnt show up.sign 1)用作名词：traffic signs交通标志；road signs 路标；signs for the rest rooms厕所标志：signs of heart trouble 心脏病的迹象，signs of rain/earthquake下雨/地震的预兆。2）用作动词，表示“签名，作手势”。如：sign ones name签名；sign the agreement 签署协议；sign to sb.朝某人做手势；sign to sb.to do sth.做手势让某人干某事。应用完成句子董事长在文件上签了名。The president_ _ _to the paper.警察做手势叫我停下。The policeman _ _ _ _.Key:singed,his,namesinged,me,to,stopsingle, not a singlesingle是形容词，有“单一的，单个的，单身的，唯一的”意义；not a single表示“一个也没有”，起强调作用，位于句首时引起倒装。如：remain single尚未成婚；the single person唯一的人；a single bed/ticket/man/room单人床/单程票/独身男子/单人房间He didnt make a single mistake in the exam./Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.他在考试中没出一处错误。应用汉译英今天上午这个商店里一个人也没有。他是能帮助我们的唯一的人。Key: Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.Hes the single person that can help us.so far迄今为止；到现在为止。通常用现在完成时连用，so far可置于句首、句中或句末。So far we have learned English for six years.到今年我们已经学了6年英语了。Your work has been good so far this year.今年迄今为止你的工作很出色。 We havent heard from Tom so far.至今我们还没收到汤姆的来信。6the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越，就越。The busier he is ,the happier he feels。越忙他越高兴。The harder you work, the greater progress youll make.你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。The more hppily we live,the more we realize how much we owe to the Party。我们过得越幸福，就会更加认识到共产党的恩情。The more I hear, the more I laugh.越听我笑得越厉害。so,neither,norr若表示另外一人也如何如何，则采用倒装形式，把系列动词，情态动词，助动词等提到主语之前；若主语为同一人，表示其就是如何，是系动词等不用提前。若句子为否定句，则用neither, nor ,如：I dont know, nor do I care .我不知道，也不关心。 若前句既有肯定又有否定，或并列谓语形式不一致，则采用so it is with，或It is the same with的结构，如： He is writer and has written a lot of works . So it is with me. ( 或It is the same with me) 此时说明我也是作家，也写了很多作品。若用so am I 只能说明我是作家。若用so have I 只能说明我也写了很多作品。再如： He is good at English, but doesnt do well in maths. It is the same with me .( 或So it is with me )若用So am I 或Nor do I 则只能分别说明其中一个方面。so that 以便于；目的是为了。相当于in order that,引导目的状语从句。从句中常带有may/might;can/could;will/would/should等情态动词He got up early so that he might catch the first bus.他早起为的是赶上第一班车。I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly.我戴上眼镜为的是看得清楚点。He spoke loud so that everyone could hear him.他大声说是为了让大家都能听到。以上各句中的so that均可用in order that代替。当so that从句的主语与主句主语一致时，常可简化为in order to或so as to 结构。上面的句可转换为：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.I put on my glasses in order to see more clearly.上面的句不可简化。但：He spoke loud so that he could be heard by everyone.可转换为：He spoke loud in order to be heard by everyone.注意：in order that/in order to 表示目的时，可置于句首；so that/so as to 表示目的时不能置于句首。sothat/suchthat如此以致于/结果。 adj. adv. so+ adj.+a/an+n.(单数) +that many/much/few/little+n. a/an+adj.+n.(单数)such+ n.(复数) +that n.(不可数) 例句：This film is so moving that I want to see it again.这电影太动人了，我还想再看一遍。He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.他走得太快，我跟不上。That we all like it very much.这本书很有 This is so interesting a book such an interesting book 意思，我们都很喜欢。The villagers were such kind people that they all came to help us.村民们都是好心人，都前来给我们帮忙。It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好，我们都想出去走走。There were so many books in the shop that he didnt know which to buy.书店里书那么多，他都不知道买哪些。so young a body说明：在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a/an 通常放在adj.的前面。但是，如果adj.前有so, too, how,quite时，a/an应放 adj.的后面。其结构是：so/too/how/quite+adj.+a/an +n.。如：He is so good a student.It is too difficult a job for me.spend vt.花费；用。其主语为“人”，宾语为“金钱”或“时间”；后面可搭配介词“on + 名词/代词”，或“in(可以省略) + 动名词”。使用句式为：sb. + money/time + on sth./(in)doing sth.They spent 2000 yuan on the TV set./They spent 2000 yuan(in)buying the TV set.他们花了2000元这台买电视机。The writer spent 2 years(in) writing the novel./on the novel.这位作家花了两年时间写这部小说。另外：“花钱”还常用以下两个句式：sb.+ pay money + for sth./sth.+cost sb.+moneyThey paid 2000 yuan for the TV set.The TV set cost them 2000 yuan.“花时间”还常用It takes sb. some time to do sth.句式。It took the writer 2 years to write the novel.start with 以开始Todays class starts with a question.stay link-v. 保持；维持。后面通常接形容词作表语。The weather stays fine for three days. 天气好了3天了。The shop stayed open till six oclock. 这家商店营业到6点。stick (1)vt.;vi.粘住；离不开；坚持Einstein stuck to his theories and went on with his work.爱因斯坦坚持他的理论并继续工作下去。（2）n.枝条；棍，手杖。Professor Zhang walks with a stick.张教授拄着手杖走路。2prove vt.;vi.证明；结果是；证明是。Again history proved them wrong.历史再次证明他们错了。I can prove that he never tells a lie.我能证明他从不说谎。The method proved(to be)highly effective.这个方法证明是非常有效的。still 1) 用作形容词，意为“静止的，不动的，平静的”。如：keep(stay) still保持不动；lie(stand)still躺着（站着）不动；a still lake/evening 平静的湖/寂静的夜晚。2)用作副词，表示“还，仍旧”，可以修饰形容词、副词比较组。如：be still busy仍然很忙;win still greater success取得更大成功。3)辨析still,quiet,silent;still侧重“一动不动”，quiet指“安静”，无动作，无声音，无骚乱，其反义词是noisy（吵闹的、喧哗的）；silent指不出声，不说话。对比：sit still坐着不动；Be quiet,and the class will begin.请安静，马上就要开始上课了。Hearing the answer,be was silent for a minute or more.听了回答之后，他沉默了一两分钟。应用完成句子他个子高，他哥哥更高。He is tall,but his brother is _ _.我已经考虑了几个小时，但仍然不能决定。I have been thinking for hours, but I _cant decide.Key:still, talker stillstopfrom doing sth.阻止做某事。stop也可换为prevent 或keep.Nothing can stop/prevent/keep us from doing that. 没有什么能阻止我们那样做This is the best way to stop/prevent/keep such a thing from happening again.防止这样的事再次发生这是最好的办法。当该句型用到动词stop或prevent时，后面的from可以省略。I tried to stop/prevent him(from)smoking, but I failed.我试图劝他戒烟，但没成功。但当用到动词keep时，from不能省略。因为省略后得到的是另一句型keepdoing sth.意为“使不断地做某事”。Im sorry Ive kept you waiting for so long .很抱歉让你久等了。street, highway, road, pathstreet指位于城镇都市内，路面平整，两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道，highway,指供车辆行使的主要道路或公路，是城市间的主要通道；road指通向某一目的地的任何道路；path指只容人通行的小路，山路。应用阅读下列句子，体会画线词的意思。This is the point where two busy streets meet.They turnede off the main highway onto a winding earth road.There is a narrow road from our village to the next one.Walk along the path or you may lose your way.strike A.用作及物或不及物动词 表示“敲、打、击”。如：The teacher truck the table whenever he was angry.教师一生气就敲桌子。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。表示“（钟）打点，鸣”。如：The clock has just struck twelve.十二点的钟声刚刚响过。表示“打动，给以深刻印象，迷住”。如：What struck us most was the great number of bicycles on the street. 给我们印象最深的就是街上的自行车非常多。Visitors to Hangzhou are usually struck by the beautiful scenery.到杭州的游客常被那里的美景迷住。I am struck by Annies honesty. 我被安妮的诚实所打动。表示“（蛇、兽）咬，抓”。如：His cousin was said to be struck by a snake.据说他的表姐被蛇咬伤了。表示“罢工”。Workers often strike in that country.那个国家的工人经常罢工。短语：strike at 朝 打击；strike against撞；strike sb. on the head打某人的头。B.用作名词：go on strike举行罢工；be on strike 在罢工【应用】完成句子他抓起一根棍子向我打来。He seized a stick and _ _me .孩子的头撞在墙上。The childs head _ _the wall.售货员为提高工资而罢工。The salesmen _ _ _ for higher pay.铁路工人正在罢工。The railway workers _ _ _.Key:struck,at struck, againstwent, on, strike are, on, strikestruggle短语归纳struggle可用作名词或动词，表示“斗争，奋斗，挣扎”。如：take up the struggle开始斗争；after a struggle经过战斗；through struggle通过斗争；struggle with sb.与某人搏斗；struggle against difficulties/death/illness/nature/strong winds与困难/死亡/疾病/自然界作斗争/与大风搏斗；struggle for a living/freedom为生活而挣扎/为自由而斗争；struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来。应用完成句子我们一路上不得不与大风搏斗。We had to _ _ strong winds all the way.老太太挣扎着站起来，向家里走去。The old woman _ _ _ _and struggled along the road to her home.Key:struggle, againststruggled, to, her, feetsuch as 例如；诸如。用于列举同类的人或事物。Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well-known to all.象鲁迅、巴金这样的作家是众所周知的。This summer were going to visit some places of interest,such as the Great wall,the Summer palace and the Imperial Palace.今年夏天我们要去参观一些名胜古迹，如长城，颐和园、故宫等。注意:and so on 等等。用于并列成分之后。Here you can buy oil,salt,sugar,vineger and so on.在这里可以买到油、盐、糖、醋等。suffer 用作及物动词，意为“遭受，蒙受，受到，忍受”。如：suffer loss/pain/punishment/defeat/wrong/hardship/discouragement/disappointment/unfair/treatment/hunger遭受损失/疼痛/遭到惩罚/遭到失败/受到冤枉/忍受艰难/失去勇气/灰心丧气/受到不公正对待/挨饿。用作不及物动词，意为“受痛苦、受损失，折磨，受惩罚”，与from搭配。如:suffer from headache/loss of memory/bad health患头疼/患有遗忘症/身体不好；suffer a lot from a strange illness因怪病吃了不少苦。应用汉译英那个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。他们在战争中遭受了巨大痛苦。Key: The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.They suffered a great deal in the war.suggest vt.建议；提议。有三种常用句式（但不能说suggest sb.to do sth.）。（1）suggest sth.Who suggested the plan?谁提出的这项计划？She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他提议在上海会面。（2）suggest doing sth.（不能接不定式）He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提议午饭后去河里游泳。I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建议尽快和他谈。（3）suggest than此时的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+原形”，should可以省略。I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建议简马上出发。I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建议杰克不要穿背心。We suggested he be punished.我们提议惩罚他。注意：suggest当“表明;暗示”讲时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.脸上的微笑说明她很高兴。His silence suggested that he didnt agree with us.沉默不语表明他不同意我们的意见。suggest+宾语从句suggest 在此意为“建议”，后面的宾语从句的谓语用了虚拟语气，其结构是：should do或do,否定形式为：should not do或not do.如：I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south.我建议把李明派往南方。I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建议他今天先不要做。suggest只有作“建议”解时，后面才可以跟“should(not)+动词原形”的形式，当suggest作“表明”解时不可以用此结构。如：His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表示他对我们的工作很满意。同时，即使是suggest作“建议”解，在现代英语中，谓语也可以用其他形式。I suggest that you dont ask him home for the vacation.我建议你假期不要邀他回家去。（句中用dont ask,而没有用should not ask或not ask）I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建议罗伯特去北京同吴先生谈一谈。（句中用might go而没有用should go 或go）supply vt.供应；提供给。常用结构：supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.两种结构常常可以转换。The factory supplies us with some parts of the car.The factory supplies some parts of the car to us.这家工厂为我们提供一些汽车零部件。 The peasants supply vegetables to the city.The peasants supply the city with vegetables.农民们为城市提供疏菜。suppose vt.认为；猜测suppose n. to be suppose that从句suppose so/notWe all supposed him to be honest. 我们认为他老实。I dont suppose that I shall come back until eight oclock.我想一直要到八点钟我才返回。Will he come?他会回来吗？I suppose so.我想他会。 I suppose not./I dont suppose so.我想他不会。Surpriseto ones surprise表示“令人吃惊的是”，是介词短语。作结果状语或插入语，位于句首，其中ones 指形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，surprise前也可用形容词修饰。例如：To my great surprise, he passed the English examination.令我大为吃惊的是，他的英语考试极格了。To Mr Lins surprise, Miss Li alone got three gold medals.使林先生吃惊的是，李小姐一人得三块金牌。(2)in surprise表示“吃惊地、惊奇地”，是介词短语，作程度状语，常位于谓语之后。例如：“How do you come to know it ?”Mr Zhao asked in surprise.赵先生惊奇地问：“你怎么知道的？”He shouted to us in surprise.他吃惊地向我们呼喊。(3)by surprise表示“出其不意、趁不防、突然”，是介词短语，作方式状语。例如：He took the dog by surprise. 他趁那条狗不防突然进行袭击。His visit took me by surprise.他的突然来访使我感到意外surprised adj.感到惊奇be surprised to do be surprised atbe surprised that从句They were surprised to hear the news.他们听到那个消息感到很惊讶。He was surprised at their visit.他对他们的来访感到惊讶。We are surprised that she can finish all these things in such a short time.我们对她在短时间内做完这一切感到十分惊讶。swallow vt.吞吃；不嚼就吃下去 She swallowed the medicine with the help of some water. 她用水把药送下去了。 He just swallows his food; he is always in a hurry. 他吃饭狼吞虎咽，总是这么匆忙。take 短语归纳take along 带着，带在身边；take ones place 坐某人的座位，代替某人的职位；take medicine 吃药；take steps采取步骤；take measures采取措施；take advice 接受建议；take a taxi坐出租车；take a look at 看；take a bath/walk/rest/trip洗澡/散步/休息/旅行；take away拿走; take down拿下，记录下；take back 带回，收回（话）；take off脱下（衣、鞋、帽），（飞机）起飞；take out取出；take place 发生；take the place of代替，取代；take up 开始，拿起;take a deep breath深呼吸；take ones temperature量体温；take a photo照像;take a photograph of给拍照；take one(a)seat 坐下，坐好；take aim at 瞄准；take charge of 负责（管理某事或照顾某人）；takefor把误当作；take hold of 抓住；take interest对发生兴趣；take it easy别紧张，别过累；take notes作笔记；take notice of 注意；take office就职；take a new look on呈现新面貌；take on workers 雇佣工人；take part in参加（活动）；take pride in 为而骄傲；take the lead带头；take trouble费劲（力）；take the side of 支持某人（方）；take a day off某一天休假，不工作；take ones time从容行事，慢慢来；take turns轮流。take a bath:洗个澡 take a taxi:打的take off:脱去；起飞 take care of:照料take exercise:运动take away:拿走take a look:看一看take turns:轮流take ones time:慢慢做 take a photo：拍照take ones temperature:量休温take a bus:乘公共汽车take medicine:服药 take an interest in: 对感兴趣take a seat:就座 take the floor：起立发言take a prize:获奖take the chair:当主席take place:发生 take hold of:握住take a rest：休息一下 take in:收容take fire：着火 take a drive：乘马车take a nap:小睡一会儿（午觉）take a shower：洗个淋浴take a trip:旅行take a walk：散个步应用完成句子。你为什么不带你妈妈参加音乐会呢？Why dont you _ _ your mother_to the concert?墙上的地图太旧了，取下来吧。The map on the wall is to old. _ _ _.对不起，我收回我刚才的话。Sorry. I _ _ what I said just now.我把他当成我弟弟了。I _him _ my younger brother.Key:take,alongTake, it ,downtake, backtook,fortake an interest in 对感兴趣have an interest in 对感兴趣lose interest in 对失去兴趣He has a great interest in stamp-collecting.I lost my interest in history.His father took no interest in him.take charge该词组意为“掌管”，“负责”，常与of介词连用，后接宾语，与“be responsible for”同意。如：Betty took charge of all the preparations for the exhibition sales.takefor exampletakeas an example 以为例You can take it for example that he always helps the old.你可以把他帮助老人这件事作为一个例子。Take Peter as an example, he is brave and kind.以彼得为例，他既勇敢又善良。take/have a look at 看一下。该动词短语比look at 更侧着于一次性动作，即“看一眼”。Can I take/have a look at your new watch?我看一看你新买的手表好吗？ 类似的短语还有：take /have a rest /an exam/a bath等。take on; take sth. on意为“从事”，“担任”，“承担”。如： He is taking on a new job.Youve taken on too much.你承担的工作太多了。take sb. on接受挑战如：He took Jack on at golf.take on a new look呈现新面貌如：Our country has taken on a new look every where.take photograph of/take photograph for take photograph of 表示拍照的内容。 take photograph for 表示拍照的目的。如：He took some photographs of these beautiful flowers.他拍了一些这些美丽的花的照片。He took some photographs for the foreigners. 他为那些外国人拍了一些照片。takeby surprise对突然袭击，出乎意料。His parents took him quite by surprise when they suddenly appeared at the door.take turns = take in turns轮流（做某事） The two boys took turns at digging the hole. 这两个男孩轮流来挖坑。 The three men took turns to drive so one would not be too tired. 这三个人轮流开车，因此，就不会有人过于疲劳了。take up, take down take up arms/guns/knives/Japanese/too much room/the whole