中考复习——定语从句

定语从句讲解练习,1,学习交流PPT,概念,什么是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。e.g.Doyouknowtheman（whocametoseeXiaowangthismorning?）,2,学习交流PPT,名词,定语从句,先行词,=,e.g.Thereissomebodyhere(whowantstospeaktoyou.)这里有人要和你说话。,代词,3,学习交流PPT,定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose关系副词：when,where,whye.g.1.Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.他是一个我们都应当学习的人2.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcameto定语从句的翻译。,要点：,注意：,4,学习交流PPT,用法：,1.定语从句修饰人，用whothat，（who和that一般可互换，有时可省去）如人后有介词，则必须用whom.e.g.Thepeople(whothat)youweretalkingtowereJapanese.Isshethegirlthatsellsflowers?,5,学习交流PPT,Heisamanthatyoucansafelydependon.他是一个你能依靠的人。ThegirltowhomIspokenismycousin.ThegirlwhothatIspokentoismycousin.,6,学习交流PPT,区别相似关系词,由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。e.g.1.Thisisthethiefwhostolemybike.这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。2.Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。,7,学习交流PPT,3.Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。,8,学习交流PPT,2.修饰物用whichthat.e.g.Thetrainwhichthathasjustisforxian.Thepenthatwhichyougavemeisverynice.Thisisthequestionthatwevehadsomuchdiscussionabout.Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwevehadsomuchdiscussion,用法：,9,学习交流PPT,3.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.,10,学习交流PPT,4.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.5.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.,11,学习交流PPT,判断关系代词与关系副词,重点,关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。,12,学习交流PPT,判断改错：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.Illneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.,13,学习交流PPT,巩固练习,1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,D,A,14,学习交流PPT,解释：1:thismuseum作主语，theone代替主语作先行词，且作宾语，省去which.2:themuseum作状语。判断改错（用横线表示出错误并改正。）1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecity.,15,学习交流PPT,改1：where改成which，因为themountainvillage作宾语。2：when改成which，因为thedays作宾语。,16,学习交流PPT,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,注意,17,学习交流PPT,(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(3)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.,18,学习交流PPT,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况,A)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。,B)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which,C)先行词有theonly,thesame,thevery,all,any,no,much等修饰时，只用that。,强调：,19,学习交流PPT,D)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,E)先行词既有人，又有物时。F)当主句以who、which开头时，用that避免重复。,20,学习交流PPT,All_glittersisnotgold.,Irealizethatthereisverylittle_Icanofferhim.,Theonlything_mattersistofindourwayhome.,Thisistheverygoodfilm_Ihaveseen.,Lookatthemanandhisdonkey_arecorssingthebridge.Whoisthestudent_youoftensay.,that,that,that,that,that,that,21,学习交流PPT,不用that的情况,a)引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.改正：that改为which.,b)介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。,22,学习交流PPT,做到精益求精,Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.,23,学习交流PPT,定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用that引导。e.g.1、Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.2、Smoking,whichisabadhabit,isverypopular.,24,学习交流PPT,勇攀高峰强化训练,Donttalkaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.thoseIsthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone,25,学习交流PPT,3.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_couldntbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat,26,学习交流PPT,6.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which,7.Thetwothings_theyfeltveryproudareJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich,27,学习交流PPT,8.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./9.Hefailedintheexamination,_m